Flotation of uranium from uranium ores in canada: Part I-flotation results with elliot lake uranium ores using chelating agents as collectors

About 150 flotation tests were done on Elliot Lake ore with 15 reagents as collectors in order to screen and choose an attractive collector for uranium flotation. Several variables were studied including pH, conditioning time and mode of collector addition. The tests were done in a Denver or Agitair subacration cell. The particle size of the ore was kept at 85% below-325 mesh. Three reagents (Kelex 100, TOPO, and cupferron) were identified as having the most promise. The best results were obtained with cupferron, where 93-95% of the uranium was recovered in 25-30% of the mass of original ore. Radium in the tails varied between 15 and 30 pCi/g depending on the mass of uranium floated. Radium was recovered in proportion to uranium in the tests done at neutral pH. The preconcentration results obtained by flotation alone were comparable to those obtained by Raicevic of CANMET using pyrite flotation and wet high intensity magnetic separation of uranium. The consumption of cupferron was 4 kg/Mg ore for each flotation stage. This was 10-15 times larger than the collector usage in conventional oxide flotation. This scheme did not require other reagents as depressants, activators or modifiers. Reproducibility was good and similar recoveries were obtained with fresh or old ores, and with distilled or mine water. The selectivity of cupferron for uranium in the ore studied was outstanding.     

The ion-exchange properties of the Tournemire argillite: I. Study of the H, Na, K, Cs, Ca and Mg behaviour

The main goal of this study is to understand the mechanisms of adsorption of major cations occurring in groundwater on the Tournemire argillite. The Tournemire argillite contains illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, quartz and calcite and some traces of pyrite. After calcite removal the mineralogical composition is kaolinite 47%, illite 26%, mixed-layer illite/montmorillonite 6%, montmorillonite 4%, chlorite 4% and quartz 13% with some traces of pyrite. The material was conditioned under homoionic form using Na, K, Cs, Ca and Mg. H was taken into account as a competitor ion for each case. For each cation-exchanged argillite, sorption edges were obtained as a function of pH. The “intrinsic” ion-exchange properties of this material, i.e. the concentrations of the different types of sites and the associated selectivity coefficients for H, Na, K, Cs, Ca and Mg were determined. The Tournemire argillite displays four kinds of sorption sites with respective concentrations of 0.04, 0.043, 0.046 and 0.078 mmol g⁻¹. Besides, some sites in very low concentration (5×10⁻⁴ mmol g⁻¹) have been revealed by performing adsorption isotherms of Cs.     

Selective preconcentration of uranium on chitosan stearoyl thiourea prior to its spectrophotometric determination

A newly synthesized chitosan stearoyl thiourea derivative is first used for the preconcentration of uranium from sulfate solution prior to its spectrophotometric determination. The effect of optimal adsorption and elution conditions was studied. The equilibrium data were found to be satisfactorily fitting to Langmuir isotherms with a maximum adsorption capacity of 98.75 mg/g. Kinetics and thermodynamics studies showed an exothermic pseudo-first-order adsorption process. Interference studies showed a high tolerance of diverse ions. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of uranium in certified reference samples and ore samples with satisfactory results.     

高氟高氯含铀废水中偕胺肟基改性聚丙烯腈纤维螯合铀的研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维（PANF）为基体与盐酸羟胺反应制得偕胺肟基改性纤维（AO-PANF）,并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和批次吸附,探究了AO-PANF对高氟高氯含铀废水中铀的螯合行为。结果表明,偕胺肟化反应将PANF中的氰基成功转化为偕胺肟基团,转化率随盐酸羟胺浓度增加而增大,氰基转化率为22.34%时,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量最大。随废水pH增加,AO-PANF对铀的吸附量先增大后减小,pH为5时,其值最大。F^-和Cl^-浓度变化对AO-PANF的吸附量影响较小。当处理100 ml铀初始浓度为100 mg·L^-1,pH为5的废水,温度为45℃,吸附剂投加量为0.40 g时,转化率为22.34%的AO-PANF对铀的吸附量为19.53 mg·g^-1,3 h左右吸附达到平衡。AO-PANF通过偕胺肟基团中-NH₂与废水中UO₂F₄^2-螯合实现对铀的吸附。该吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。研究表明AO-PANF可以有效地螯合高氟高氯含铀废水中的铀,具有良好的应用前景。     

Adsorption of uranium from sulfate leach liquor using rice straw impregnated with chlorophenyl hydrazinyl pyrazoloquinazolinon

The impregnation of rice straw with 2-amino-3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazinyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8,9-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-6(7H)-one (CPHPQ) has been used for the recovery of uranium from sulfate leach liquor. The uranium adsorption and elution of solvent impregnated mercerized rice straw (SIMRS) were carried out using a batch technique. The uranium adsorption controlling factors include pH, initial uranium concentration, contact time, S/L ratio, and temperature. Thermodynamic characteristics showed that the adsorption process is exothermic with enthalpy change ΔH = ?152.1 kJ/mol. The kinetics data fit well with a pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm. Uranium cake was obtained from the eluate solution using hydrogen peroxide as UO₄.2H₂O precipitate.     

Application of chitosan-coated quartz sand for Congo red adsorption from aqueous solution

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of chitosan-coated quartz sand for Congo red adsorption have been investigated. The absorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiments were carried out in a batch system to optimize operation variables: contact time, Congo red concentration, absorbent dosage, temperature, and pH. The optimum conditions for Congo red adsorption were pH 5, 45°C and contact time of 4 h. An amount of 1 g of chitosan-coated quartz sand could successfully remove 96% of the dye form 50 mg/L Congo red solution. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms showed that the sorption processes were better fitted by pseudo-second order equation and Langmuir equation, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Removal of copper,cadmium, and chromium from wastewater by modified wheat bran using Box–Behnken design: Kinetics and isotherm

In this work, copper, cadmium, and chromium were removed using hydrochloric acid-treated wheat bran as an adsorbent. Experiments were carried out in batch adsorption mode. Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to determine the effect of initial metal concentration, pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose on removal efficiency of copper, cadmium, and chromium. Analysis of variance results are shown for all the three heavy metal, and the effect of the parameters is discussed. The optimum initial metal concentration, pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose were found to be 90.58 mg/L, 6, 35.9°C, and 2.39 g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best suitable model for adsorption rate. The isotherms of adsorption data were analysed using various adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms. It was found that Langmuir and Temkin isotherms represent the equilibrium data for these heavy metal removals.     

Study of uranium adsorption using amidoximated polyacrylonitrile‐encapsulated macroporous beads

Polyacrylonitrile beads, containing the amidoximated polyacrylonitrile, were prepared for adsorption of uranium. The synthesized amidoximated polyacrylonitrile chelating beads were evaluated, for their ability to adsorb uranium from aqueous solution, at different temperatures and pH values. The kinetic measurement showed that about 120 min of equilibration time was enough, to remove saturation amount of uranium from the solution. The pseudo first‐order and pseudo second‐order equations were used to analyze the kinetic data, and the rate constants were determined. The equilibrium adsorption data were examined by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The data showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. The loaded uranium could also be leached out from the beads, by treating with dilute acids. The uranium uptake capacity of the polymeric beads was found to be 3.5 mg/g of the swollen beads. Reusability of the beads was also established by multiple adsorption–desorption experiments. The pore volume and the surface area of the dried beads, measured by BET method, were found to be 1.93 cc/g and 320 m²/g, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

四种生物吸附剂对铀的吸附性能研究

以保护环境为目的,以寻求廉价而有效的生物吸附材料为出发点,研究了啤酒酵母菌、北海海草、榕树叶、杉树皮等4种吸附剂对铀的吸附性能的影响。结果表明:4种吸附剂对低浓度铀具有很好的富集作用,其吸附率都在99%以上;每种吸附剂都存在1个最适pH值和1个最佳投放质量浓度,依次对应为4.0—5.0,4—4.5,3.5—4.0,3.0—4.0和10,12,8,10 g/L;4种生物吸附剂对铀吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程,且吻合良好;另外4种吸附剂对铀的吸附在吸附量之间存在较大差别,在同一平衡浓度下,吸附量大小顺序为:啤酒酵母菌>榕树叶>北海海草>杉树皮。     

短孔道介孔二氧化硅SBA-15对铀的吸附性能

以短孔道介孔二氧化硅SBA-15为铀吸附剂,考察吸附时间、初始液pH、初始浓度对吸附性能的影响,并分析了吸附动力学和吸附等温线以及吸附前后红外光谱变化。结果表明,初始液pH对吸附具有重要的影响,最佳吸附的pH值为6; 吸附在30 min即可达到平衡; 当初始浓度为100 mg·L^-1时,饱和吸附量为311 mg·g^-1;吸附量随铀溶液初始浓度的增大而增大,而吸附百分数则相反;吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程;吸附过程中起主要作用的基团是Si-OH和Si-O-Si。     

伊利石负载壳聚糖去除水中酸性大红3R的研究

以伊利石为原料制稀伊利石负载壳聚糖吸附剂,研究了吸附剂对酸性大红3R的吸附性能。考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附剂粒径、吸附时间对吸附的影响。结果表叫,壳聚糖负载量为0．6g,pU值为4,吸附剂用量为0．2g时,对酸性大红3R的吸附效果较好。吸附平衡时间为60min,饱和吸附,量为138．2mg·g^-1。     

Adsorption of 1,3-propanediol from synthetic mixture using polymeric resin as adsorbents

The aim of this work was to separate 1,3-PDO from a synthetic mixture using polymeric resins, Amberlite XAD-7 and XAD-16 resins. The equilibrium adsorption of 1,3-PDO onto two polymeric resins were investigated in binary and tertiary systems. Experimental results of binary component adsorption equilibrium indicated that the adsorption capacity (q) of 1,3-PDO at 160 g/L onto XAD-7 and XAD-16 was 835.96 and 584.61 mg 1,3- PDO/g dry resin, respectively. The adsorption isotherms were closely predicted by the Langmuir-Freundlich model among the two isotherm model tested. The value of n of 1,3-PDO adsorbed on XAD-7 are much higher than those on XAD-16. This result suggested that XAD-7 resin has a higher affinity for the 1,3-PDO adsorption than XAD-16 resin. Moreover, the value of adsorption capacity of 1,3-PDO in the binary and tertiary component were compared at the same conditions. In the tertiary system, although the selectivity of 1,3-PDO from XAD-7 was approximately six times higher than XAD-16, the adsorption capacity of 1,3-PDO at 160 g/L onto XAD-16 was higher than XAD-7. Interestingly, the reusability of XAD-7 and XAD-16 resins in the three cycle times shows a slight loss of adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the investigation about desorption by an ethanol/water mixture at 50% (V/V) indicated that the desorption yield of 1,3-PDO from XAD-7 was lower than XAD-16 resin for both the binary and tertiary component. This was due to the more favorable adsorption characteristics of XAD-7 resin than XAD-16 resin.     

Adsorption separation of raffinose from sucrose by activated carbon: Equilibrium,kinetics and dynamic breakthrough

Separation of oligosaccharides with a varied number of monosaccharides is an important issue in food chemistry. Raffinose, a functional oligosaccharide, has attracted increasing attentions due to its strong proliferative effect on bacteria. Industrially, cottonseed meal is an important resource for producing raffinose; however, raffinose extracted from the cottonseed meal contains a significant amount of sucrose that debases raffinose’s quality. In this work, an adsorptive separation of raffinose and sucrose on activated carbon was reported. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics and dynamic column adsorption–desorption were investigated. The activated carbon chosen has a significantly higher adsorption capacity of raffinose (0.60~0.65 g/g) than sucrose (0.35~0.40 g/g) at the equilibrium concentration studied (~35 g/L) and temperature from 293 K to 333 K. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The effect of flow-rate and initial feed concentration on dynamic adsorption were investigated; meanwhile, the separation performance was further confirmed from dynamic desorption using aqueous ethanol of 20% as eluant. Remarkably, raffinose with purity over 90% and recovery of 79.2% could be obtained by the adsorption–desorption cycle using an aqueous feed solution containing 20 g/L of raffinose and 6 g/L of sucrose.     

氰化渣典型矿物对氰的吸附

氰化提金过程中产生大量的氰化渣,被视为是危险固体废物。氰化渣主要由黄铁矿、石英和硅酸盐等矿物组成。本实验采取静态吸附法,模拟了氰化渣中几种典型矿物及其复合矿物对氰的吸附。研究表明:矿物对氰的吸附呈线性特征,但吸附能力各不相同, 各矿物对氰的吸附量大小顺序是q_黄铁矿>q_{模拟氰化渣}>q_硅酸盐矿>q_石英;石英对氰几乎不产生吸附,黄铁矿、硅酸盐矿物混合物和模拟氰化渣对氰的饱和吸附量分别约为13.89、1.09和6.89 mg/g。开发了一种数学模型用来评估石英、硅酸盐矿物混合物和黄铁矿含量对氰化渣吸附氰总量的影响。红外分析表明,CN^-吸附在矿物表面,改变了氧化产物,生成了新的物质,促进了矿物对CN^-的吸附。     

凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对水中CODMn的吸附研究

以凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料处理原水中的CODMn,探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH值及原水初始浓度等因素对CODMn去除处理效果的影响。结果表明,滤料的最佳投加量及吸附时间分别为40g／L和80min,吸附反应是放热反应,在pH约为8时CODMn的去除率可达到54．27％,滤料对CODMn的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料在微污染饮用水处理领域有一定的实际应用价值。     

Comparison of Basic Dye Crystal Violet Removal from Aqueous Solution by Low-Cost Biosorbents

Abstract

The removal of basic dye crystal violet by low-cost biosorbents was investigated in this study using a batch experimental system. The adsorption of crystal violet onto various adsorbents was solution pH-dependent and the maximum removal occurred at basic pH 10.0. The kinetic experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations to examine the adsorption mechanism and the intraparticle diffusion model to identify the potential rate controlling step. These results suggested that the adsorption of crystal violet onto various adsorbents was best represented by the pseudo-second-order equation. The suitability of the Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherms to the equilibrium data was also investigated at various temperatures for all four sorbents and the adsorption isotherms exhibited Freundlich behavior. The Freundlich constant K_f was 1.55 for alligator weed, 2.33 for Laminaria japonica, 9.59 for rice bran and 5.38 (mg/g)/(mg/L)^1/n for wheat bran, respectively at adsorbent concentration 5 g/L, pH 10.0 and 20°C. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were calculated and the results showed that the adsorption process for various adsorbents was spontaneous, endothermic, with an increased randomness, respectively. The particle size and the reaction temperature exhibited an insignificant impact on the adsorption equilibrium of crystal violet. The adsorbents investigated could serve as low-cost adsorbents for removing the crystal violet from aqueous solution.     

疏水性MCM-41分子模板剂对水中U(VI)的吸附性能试验研究

采用水热合成法制备了疏水性介孔二氧化硅材料(MCM-41-dry)并经煅烧制得亲水性介孔二氧化硅材料(MCM-41-cal).试验探讨了pH值、吸附时间、投加量以及U(VI)初始浓度等因素对MCM-41材料煅烧前后吸附U(VI)效果的影响,利用SEM、EDS、BET和FTIR分析其吸附机理.试验结果表明, MCM-41-dry材料因具有有机模板剂,其吸附效果远高于MCM-41-cal的吸附效果;当pH值为5,吸附时间为180 min,温度为30 ℃,MCM-41-dry投加量为0.2 g/L,U(VI)初始浓度为10 mg/L时,其对U(VI)的吸附率可达99.2%;Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学方程能较好的拟合其吸附过程,当T=303 K时,理论饱和吸附量为241.935 mg/g,吸附为单分子层吸附,以化学吸附为主.通过BET、FTIR表征则说明MCM-41-dry具有六方形介孔结构能吸附U(VI),官能团羟基和氨基发挥了很大的作用.     

Adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution onto pyrite

The physicochemical factors such as equilibrium time, solution pH, initial concentration of Cd(II), particle size and temperature that control the adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions onto pyrite has been investigated through batch experiments. Prior to this study, pyrite was characterized through chemical and XRD-analysis. The point of zero charge, pH_pzc was determined using the batch equilibrium technique and was found to be 6.4. The equilibrium time was 30 min at the solution pH of 6.0. The pH influence of Cd(II) adsorption was remarkable and maximum metal uptake was observed at 6.0 which is closer to pH_pzc. Under this weakly acidic condition Cd(II) ions are responsible for adsorption. Concentration dependence of metal uptake indicates that saturation of pyrite surface by adsorbate occurs at an initial Cd(II) concentration of 350 mg/L and the corresponding metal uptake was 576.5 mg/L of −150 mesh size pyrite at pH 6.0 and 30 °C. Particle size affects the adsorption capacity to a great extent and a decrease in particle diameter enhances metal uptake. The effect of temperature on adsorption performance reveals that the effective temperature for Cd(II) adsorption is 30 °C. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was applied to represent the adsorption process, which fits the experimental data quite well. The work reveals that natural pyrite is a very good choice as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewater and bears significant industrial implications.     

羧酸型离子交换纤维对卡那霉素的吸附

测定了羧酸型离子交换纤维吸附卡那霉素的动力学曲线和吸附等温线,并研究了温度、pH值、盐浓度对吸附卡那霉素的影响. 研究结果表明,羧酸型离子交换纤维吸附卡那霉素在10 min达到平衡,其吸附平衡行为可用Langmuir方程描述;在pH 7时,羧酸型离子交换纤维吸附卡那霉素的静态交换容量为最大,可达5.6′104 U/g;羧酸型离子交换纤维吸附卡那霉素随温度变化很小;NaCl的存在使羧酸型离子交换纤维对卡那霉素的交换容量减小;对发酵液中卡那霉素的动态交换容量为5.16′104 U/g,洗脱率为88.1%.     

HDX-8树脂吸附咖啡因的研究

研究了HDX-8树脂对咖啡因的吸附性能。结果表明,柱长8 cm,内径1.0 cm,内装2.5 g HDX-8树脂的吸附柱,静态条件下,在pH 2~7盐酸介质中,对咖啡因具有良好的吸附性能,最大静态吸附量为17.5 mg咖啡因/g树脂。等温吸附符合Freund lich方程式,相关系数在0.99以上;当咖啡因平衡浓度≥3.1μg/mL(起始浓度≥40μg/mL)时,吸附还符合Langmu ir等温式。负载柱可用40%乙醇完全洗脱。