钴铬钼合金磁流变抛光工艺研究

目的 去除难加工材料钴铬钼合金车削后形成的规则性螺旋刀痕并获得超光滑表面。方法 采用磁流变抛光方法,对车削后的钴铬钼合金表面进行抛光加工。研究了磁体排布方式、加工间隙、抛光装置、转速和磨料粒径等工艺参数对钴铬钼合金表面形貌和表面粗糙度的影响规律,寻找获得超光滑表面的工艺参数组合,并对抛光后的钴铬钼合金表面使用表面轮廓仪进行测量。结果 钴铬钼合金表面形貌受各方面因素的综合影响,双磁体异向排布的磁通密度向工件集中,使得磁性羰基铁颗粒与金刚石磨料在抛光过程中结合力更强,增大了有效工作区域;表面粗糙度随着加工间隙的增加(从1 mm增大到4 mm)先减小后增大,在2 mm时得到优化的加工效果;表面粗糙度随着抛光装置转速的增加(从400 r.min^–1增大到1 000 r.min^–1)先减小后增大,在600 r.min^–1时得到优化的加工效果;相比于0.5、1.5、2.5 µm粒径的金刚石磨料,使用2 µm的金刚石磨料进行抛光时表面粗糙度最小。当使用双磁体异向排布,在工作间隙为2 mm、抛光装置转速为600 r.min^–1、金刚石磨料粒径为2 μm的工艺参数组合下对钴铬钼合金采用磁流变抛光加工120 min时,其表面粗糙度从初始的640 nm 降低至5 nm。结论 应用磁流变抛光方法抛光钴铬钼合金可以得到超光滑表面。     

单晶SiC基片的磁流变化学复合抛光

基于芬顿反应的磁流变化学复合抛光加工原理,对单晶SiC基片进行磁流变化学复合抛光试验,研究工艺参数对其抛光效果的影响。结果表明:随着金刚石磨粒粒径的增大,材料去除率先增大后减小,而表面粗糙度先减小后增大;随着磨粒质量分数的增大,材料去除率增大,而表面粗糙度先减小后增大;当羰基铁粉质量分数增大时,材料去除率增大,而表面粗糙度呈先减小后增大的趋势;随着氧化剂质量分数增大,材料去除率先增大后减小,而表面粗糙度呈现先减小后增大的趋势;加工间隙对材料去除率的影响较大,加工间隙为1.0?mm时,加工表面质量较好;随着工件转速和抛光盘转速增大,材料去除率均先增大后减小,表面粗糙度均先减小后增大。获得的优化的工艺参数为:磨粒粒径,1.0 μm;磨粒质量分数,5%;羰基铁粉质量分数,25%;过氧化氢质量分数,5%;加工间隙,1.0 mm;工件转速,500 r/min;抛光盘转速,20 r/min。采用优化的工艺参数对表面粗糙度约为40.00 nm的单晶SiC进行加工,获得表面粗糙度为0.10 nm以下的光滑表面。      

钛合金结构件磁流变电解复合抛光试验研究

目的 针对钛合金结构件高质高效抛光需求，提出了磁流变电解复合抛光新方法，探究不同抛光参数对钛合金表面质量的影响，以实现钛合金构件的高质高效抛光。方法 深入探究了加工电压、加工间隙、电解质质量分数和抛光转速等参数对钛合金抛光表面粗糙度以及粗糙度变化率的影响，分析了不同抛光参数下的钛合金表面形貌变化，验证了磁流变电解复合抛光钛合金的可行性。结果 随着电解液中Na NO3质量分数的提高，钛合金表面粗糙度先减小后增大，质量分数为1.0%～2.5%时，得到了优于单磁流变抛光加工的抛光效果。不同加工电压下的表面粗糙度对比结果表明，在加工电压为0.1 V时，钛合金加工后表面粗糙度达到最小，而后随着加工电压的增大，加工区域表面粗糙度呈现增大趋势；随着加工间隙的增大，钛合金抛光表面粗糙度呈现先减小后增大的趋势；随着抛光工具转速增大，钛合金加工后表面粗糙度先减小后增大。相比于单一的磁流变抛光，磁流变电解复合抛光钛合金90 min，可使表面粗糙度从初始323 nm降低至15nm，加工效率提高了62.5%。结论 磁流变电解复合抛光工艺能够用于钛合金人工关节假体高效高质量的抛光。     

氧化锆陶瓷大抛光模磁流变抛光试验研究

目的研发一种高效、高质量氧化锆陶瓷超光滑表面加工技术。方法采用大抛光模磁流变抛光方式加工氧化锆陶瓷,利用自主研发的磁流变平面抛光装置,配制含有金刚石磨粒的磁流变抛光液,通过设计单因素实验,研究抛光时间、工作间隙、工件转速和抛光槽转速等主要工艺参数对氧化锆陶瓷平面磁流变加工性能的影响,并对材料去除率和表面粗糙度进行分析。结果在工作间隙为1.4 mm、工件转速为100 r/min、抛光槽转速为25 r/min的工艺条件下,表面粗糙度在达到饱和之前随时间的增加而降低。抛光30 min达到饱和,表面粗糙度Ra达到0.7 nm。继续延长抛光时间,表面粗糙度不再改善。氧化锆陶瓷的材料去除率随着工件转速和抛光槽转速的增加而增大,随着工作间隙的增大而减小。当工件转速为300 r/min时,材料去除率可以达到1.03 mg/min;抛光槽转速为25 r/min时,材料去除率可以达到0.80 mg/min;工作间隙为1.0 mm时,材料去除率最高可达0.77 mg/min。结论采用大抛光模磁流变抛光方法可以提高氧化锆陶瓷的材料去除率,同时获得纳米级表面粗糙度,实现氧化锆陶瓷的高效超光滑表面加工。     

磁流变动压复合抛光基本原理及力学特性

目的探究磁流变动压复合抛光基本原理及抛光力学特性。方法通过建立磁流变动压复合抛光过程中流体动压数学模型,分析抛光盘面结构化单元对抛光力学特性的影响规律,并优化其结构。搭建磁流变动压复合抛光测力系统,探究工作间隙、抛光盘转速、工件盘转速和凸轮转速对抛光力的影响规律,基于正交试验,优化抛光效果。结果抛光盘面结构化单元的楔形区利于流体动压效应的产生,且流体动压随楔形角和工作间隙的增大而减少,随楔形区宽度的增大而增大。结构化单元较为合理的几何参数为:楔形角3°~5°,工作间隙0.2~1.0 mm,楔形区宽度15~30 mm。法向力Fn随工作间隙的增大而减小,随工件盘转速的增大而增大,随抛光盘和凸轮转速的增大而先增大后减小;剪切力Ft随工作间隙的增大而减小,随工件盘、抛光盘和凸轮转速的增大均呈现先增大后减小的规律。通过正交试验获得优化工艺参数为:抛光盘转速60 r/min,工件盘转速600 r/min,凸轮转速150 r/min。在羰基铁粉(粒径3μm、质量分数35%)、SiC磨料(粒径3μm、质量分数5%)、工作间隙0.4 mm和磁感应强度0.1 T工况下,抛光2 in单晶硅基片4 h后,表面粗糙度Ra由20.11 nm降至2.36 nm,材料去除率为5.1 mg/h,初始大尺度纹理被显著去除。结论磁流变动压复合抛光通过在抛光盘面增设结构化单元,以引入流体动压效应,强化了抛光力学特性,并利用径向往复运动的动态磁场实现柔性抛光头的更新和整形,最终达到了提高抛光效率和质量的目的。     

环形磁流变抛光工具的加工性能研究

半球谐振子的加工效率是影响半球谐振陀螺仪应用的主要因素。在环形磁流变抛光方式的基础上,提出平面化类比的简化加工抛光器并探索其加工性能。通过单因素探索试验和正交试验研究磁感应强度、抛光器转速、加工间隙、金刚石粒径等因素对抛光性能的影响。结果表明:使用环形磁流变抛光器抛光熔石英,当磁场磁感应强度较强,抛光器转速350 r/min,加工间隙0.6 mm,金刚石粒径为0.5~1.0 μm时,石英材料去除率为191.2 nm/min,表面粗糙度R_a值为3.31 nm,抛光效果良好。      

单晶碳化硅的电磁场励磁大抛光模磁流变抛光

目的 研发一种高精高效单晶碳化硅表面抛光技术。方法 采用电磁场励磁的大抛光模磁流变抛光方法加工单晶碳化硅,利用自制的电磁铁励磁装置与磁流变抛光装置,进行单因素实验,研究电流强度、工作间隙和抛光时间等工艺参数对单晶碳化硅磁流变抛光加工性能的影响,并检测加工面粗糙度及其变化率来分析抛光效果。结果 在工作间隙1.4 mm、电流强度12 A的工艺参数下,加工面粗糙度值随着加工时间的增加而降低,抛光60 min后,加工面粗糙度值Ra达到0.9 nm,变化率达到98.3%。加工面粗糙度值随通电电流的增大而减小,随着工作间隙的增大而增大。在工作间隙为1.0 mm、通电电流为16 A、加工时间为40 min的优化参数下抛光单晶碳化硅,可获得表面粗糙度Ra为0.6 nm的超光滑表面。结论 应用电磁场励磁的大抛光模盘式磁流变抛光方法加工单晶碳化硅材料,能够获得亚纳米级表面粗糙度。     

动态磁场集群磁流变抛光加工机理及试验研究

基于动态磁场集群磁流变平面抛光的加工机理以及动态磁场作用机理,对单晶硅基片进行动态磁场集群磁流变抛光试验研究。结果表明:动态磁场能使畸变的抛光垫实时自修复,磨料具有频繁的动态行为,克服了静态磁场作用下抛光垫变形难恢复且磨料堆聚的缺点,使材料去除过程稳定,抛光效果较好;在动态磁场作用下,不同抛光方式的加工效果也不同;在多工件同步抛光中,大尺寸的工具头高速自转使工件表面有更高的线速度,磨料对单晶硅表面缺陷去除作用更强。经过5 h抛光,硅片表面粗糙度R_a由0.48 μm下降到3.3 nm,获得超光滑表面。      

弹性磁极磨头磁力研磨TC4钛合金的工艺优化

尽管磁力研磨具有随形加工特性，但使用小磨头磁力研磨大扭曲度工件时，磨头在工件不同位置处的间隙差异，给磁力研磨加工带来了挑战。为了改善磁力研磨的加工表面质量，进一步减小工件间隙差异对表面粗糙度的影响，设计了一种以聚氨酯弹性体为磁极载体的弹性磁极磨头，对其磁场进行仿真分析并验证。在试验中使用黏结法制备的金刚石磁性磨料，比较不同加工间隙下聚氨酯弹性磁极磨头与普通磁极磨头的研磨加工性能，探索主轴转速、进给速度和磨料粒度对钛合金表面粗糙度的影响规律。结果表明：在工艺参数相同的情况下，聚氨酯弹性磁极磨头的加工性能优于普通磁极磨头的；使用聚氨酯弹性磁极磨头，在主轴转速为800 r/min，加工间隙为2.0 mm，进给速度为5 mm/min，磨料粒径范围为62～90μm时，磁力研磨加工效果最优，经过12 min的研磨加工，TC4钛合金的表面粗糙度R_a从最初的0.350μm降至0.039μm，表面粗糙度改善率达到89%。试验结果验证了聚氨酯弹性层的弹性及仿形特性对TC4钛合金加工表面质量的提升作用。     

磁性复合流体抛光氧化锆陶瓷的工艺优化

为提高氧化锆陶瓷工件的表面质量,采用磁性复合流体（由包含纳米级铁磁颗粒的磁流体与包含微米级羰基铁颗粒的磁流变液混合而成）对氧化锆陶瓷进行抛光,以达到降低材料表面粗糙度和减少表面与亚表面损伤的目的。利用田口方法设计3因素3水平正交试验,着重分析磁铁转速、加工间隙和抛光液磨粒粒径对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响规律,并采用方差分析法分析各因素对2个评价指标的影响权重。可达到最低表面粗糙度的工艺参数组合为：磁铁转速,300 r/min;加工间隙,0.5 mm;磨粒粒径,1.25μm。可达到最高材料去除率的工艺参数组合为：磁铁转速,400 r/min;加工间隙,0.5 mm;磨粒粒径,2.00μm。根据优化的工艺参数进行抛光,表面粗糙度最低可达4.5 nm,材料去除率最高可达0.117μm/min,优化效果显著。利用遗传算法优化BP神经网络建立抛光预测模型,预测误差为3.948 4%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.