TiN夹杂物对690合金传热管疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

采用销加载拉伸(PLT)方法和直流电压降法(DCPD)测试技术,测量了690合金管在室温和高温325℃空气中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果采用Priddle模型拟合分析,预测得到了690合金管在室温和325℃下的门槛应力强度因子幅值ΔK_(th)和断裂韧性K_c,高温下材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显加快,表现为ΔK_(th)和K_c显著下降。试验结束后在扫描电镜下观察断口形貌,疲劳裂纹的扩展为穿晶形式,疲劳断口上观察到大量的TiN夹杂物,分析表明TiN夹杂物对690合金管的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展有促进作用。     

晶界氧化对GH4738高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展的作用

测定了GH4738合金在650、700、750及800℃空气环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N-ΔK曲线及疲劳裂纹扩展寿命a-N曲线,得出了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,并结合组织性能、疲劳特征、高温及室温下晶界氧化情况等分析了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,GH4738合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(FCGR)增加,合金的断裂方式由沿晶和穿晶混合型断裂向完全沿晶断裂转变;在初始应力强度因子幅度DK为40 MPa·m1/2、晶粒尺寸为30~40 mm时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命在650~700℃内显著下降,存在一个温度敏感区间,其原因并不是材料的组织和力学性能的变化,主要是高温下的氧化作用所致;O通过裂纹尖端、滑移带间接进入晶界或O直接渗入晶界的方式,与晶界处的活性元素Co、Ti、Al反应生成脆性氧化物,从而降低了晶界强度,使合金的抗疲劳性能显著下降。     

塑性区对Inconel 690合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

通过在室温空气及325 ℃饱和氧高纯水中进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究单向塑性区长度rp对Inconel 690合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。结果表明,同一频率下,随着rp的增加,裂纹扩展速率CGR加快,但环境影响因子Fen未发生明显变化;裂纹为穿晶型扩展,扩展过程中伴随着少量分支,载荷的变化对支裂纹数量没有明显的影响;断口为典型的腐蚀疲劳特征,裂纹扩展形成韧性断裂特征的山脊区和脆性疲劳断裂的疲劳平台。     

GH4720Li合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性

测定了难变形高温合金GH4720Li在650、700、750及800℃空气环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析了在纯疲劳及保载90 s下,温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的增长幅度变大。800℃时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率急剧增大。温度升高,疲劳裂纹的扩展方式发生了明显变化,650℃时断口为沿晶和穿晶断裂混合型,700~800℃时断口以沿晶断裂为主。保载时间延长,裂纹扩展速率加快,且裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性增加。     

GH2036高温合金平板裂纹闭合效应及裂纹扩展模型

为探明GH2036高温合金的低循环疲劳裂纹扩展机理,对GH2036高温合金平板在550℃、不同应力比下的低循环疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究,采用数字图像相关(DIC)方法确定了GH2036高温合金的张开应力强度因子。结果表明,温度550℃、应力比大于0.7时GH2036高温合金无裂纹闭合现象,在此基础上建立了以残余裂尖张开位移、应力比为参量的GH2036高温合金裂纹闭合模型。而后,断口的SEM分析表明:随着应力比的增加,裂纹扩展区由穿晶断裂向沿晶断裂转化。最后,基于GH2036高温合金的裂纹闭合模型,建立了GH2036高温合金平板的低循环疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测方法,与试验数据吻合良好,验证了方法的准确性。     

GH4720Li合金裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性

测定了难变形高温合金GH4720Li在650℃、700℃、750℃及800℃空气环境下的裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析了在纯疲劳及保载条件下温度对合金裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,合金裂纹扩展速率的增长幅度变大。800℃时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率急剧增大。高温下,疲劳裂纹的扩展方式发生了明显变化,650℃时断口为沿晶和穿晶混合型,700~800℃时裂纹以沿晶断裂为主。保载时间的延长,裂纹扩展速率加快,且裂纹扩展速率的温度敏感性增加。     

GH864合金蠕变/疲劳裂纹扩展速率及a-N曲线分析

研究了GH864合金不同保载时间下650℃蠕变/疲劳裂纹扩展行为,分析了裂纹扩展过程中蠕变和氧化的作用,以及a-N曲线的转折点含义。结果表明:保载5s时GH864合金以穿晶断裂为主,疲劳作用占主导;保载90s时GH864合金以沿晶断裂为主,蠕变作用占主导。利用Saxena模型可较好地表征本实验条件下650℃蠕变/疲劳交互作用的裂纹扩展速率曲线,可估算较高应力强度因子和较低应力强度因子的裂纹扩展速率。另外,用Saxena模型可求出蠕变和疲劳的表达式,对比分析高温蠕变/疲劳交互作用的裂纹扩展过程中蠕变和疲劳的作用及所占的比例。最后针对a-Ni/Nf、da/dN-a曲线及da/dN-N曲线变换中出现的拐点,结合断口形貌分析了转折点对应的含义。高温合金及其它材料的裂纹扩展速率曲线也适用于以上曲线分析方法。     

GH4742合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为

研究GH4742合金在室温、700℃及750℃的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。分析温度和应力强度因子对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与速率的影响,利用扫描电镜观察不同温度下的疲劳裂纹扩展断口。采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术分析合金裂纹扩展的晶体学机制。结果表明,随着温度的升高,合金的裂纹扩展寿命降低,裂纹扩展速率增加,沿晶断裂特征更明显。应力强度因子越大,裂纹扩展速率越大。在原始大变形晶粒中裂纹以穿晶方式沿着小角度晶界扩展,裂纹扩展到再结晶晶界时以沿晶扩展为主,其扩展方式取决于相邻晶粒的面间角和取向差。     

K40S钻基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为Ⅱ.疲劳断口分析

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为,对疲劳断口形貌进行观察,结果表明:在高温低周疲劳加载条件下,K40S合金疲劳裂纹萌生机制为表面滑移带开裂与表面碳化物相界面开裂的综合作用;疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展方式为穿晶型,瞬断区呈现枝晶断裂特征;碳化物可作为障碍,阻碍疲劳裂纹的扩展,且为主要的二次裂纹策源地;K40S合金高温低周疲劳断裂为机械疲劳与高温环境氧化共同作用的结果.     

K40S钴基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为——Ⅱ.疲劳断口分析

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为，对疲劳断口形貌进行观察，结果表明；在高温低周疲劳加载条件下，K40S合金疲劳裂纹萌生机制为表面滑移带开裂与表面碳化物相界面开裂的综合作用；疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展方式为穿晶型，瞬断区呈现枝晶断裂特征；碳化物可作为障碍，阻碍疲劳裂纹的扩展，且为主要的二交裂纹策源地；K40S合金高温低周疲劳断裂为机械疲劳与高温环境氧化共同作用的结果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.