特发性重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的探讨特发性重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1999年6月至2003年6月手术治疗的特发性重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸。男9例,女15例,平均年龄17岁(12~20岁)。术前站立位主侧凸冠状面Cobb角平均98°(80°~117°),仰卧位反向弯曲相上柔韧性平均20·8%(5%~29·5%)。合并有矢状面畸形者15例。全部病例以北京协和医院分型原则进行手术融合。19例行前后路联合矫形术,5例行一期单纯后路矫形术。结果全部病例获随访,随访时间平均18个月(12~30个月)。术后主侧凸冠状面角58°(32°~100°),主侧凸矫正率平均为41·0%(10·9%~61·0%)。术后1例脱钩而行翻修术。1例钢丝断裂而无神经症状,给予严密观察。最后一次随访主侧凸冠状面角平均63°(31°~104°),矫正平均丢失5°(0°~10°)。无假关节形成及失代偿发生。结论与椎体截骨术相比,前路松解加后路矫形内固定术及单纯后路矫形内固定术具有危险性小、出血少、感染率低等优点,对特发性重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸来说,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。适当矫形及恢复冠状面和矢状面平衡是手术治疗的关键。     

CORRECTIVE SURGERY OF CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS WITH TYPE II SPLIT SPINAL CORD MALFORMATION

CONGENITALspinaldeformitiesareusuallyduetovertebraldevelopmentaldisordersduringthefirst8weeksofgestation,1thisperiodalsoin volvesclosureoftheneuraltube,thuspatientswithcon genitalspinaldeformitiesmayalsohaveneuraltubedeform itiesamongstwhichsplitspinalcor…     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORRECTION OF SCOLIOSIS USING TSRH INSTRUMENTATION

INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is increasingly recognized as three- dimensional deformation of the spine resulting in complex displacement of the vertebrae (1,2), that is scoliosis in the coronal plane, hypokyphosis or hyperkyphosis in the sagittal plane, and rotational deformity in the axial plane.Harrington instrumentation alone can not correct the deformity in the sagittal plane efficiently, and the correction in the coronal plane will be lost with time. In some cases, the…     

应用钉-棒系统治疗退行性脊柱侧弯的疗效分析

目的回顾分析钉-棒系统内固定＋植骨融合治疗退行性脊柱侧凸矫治中的疗效。方法2004-01～2007-12间运用TSRH、CD脊柱内固定系统＋植骨融合治疗的42例退行性脊柱侧凸患者。采用后路矫形手术方法。术后随访6～25个月（平均15个月）。通过对术前术后影像学资料进行分析,比较冠状面和矢状面的矫形效果并通过c7椎体中点距骶骨中心垂线（CVSL）的距离来分析躯干平衡的重建,并随访术后疼痛是否缓解以及功能的恢复。结果所有患者术后外观矫形效果明显。侧凸术后主弯矫正率平均68．7％。末次随访主弯冠状面Cobb角平均丢失4．6°。C7中点距CVSL由术前平均2．7cm矫正为术后0．26cm。23例腰背疼痛的患者中17例术后得以缓解,31例患者术后参加正常的生活工作。结论钉棒系统＋植骨融合治疗退行性脊柱侧弯可得到冠状面上较高的矫正率、重建躯干平衡,有效矫正脊柱侧弯,术后功能恢复满意。     

Autogenous tibial strut grafts used in severe kyphoscoliosis: surgical policies and preliminary results

Surgeryforseverekyphoscoliosisisdifficultduetotheconcurrenceofcoronalandsagittaldeformity.Theoutcomeisfrequentlyunsatisfying becauseoflossofcorrection,highrateof pseudarthrosisandneurologicalcomplications.1,2Traditionalanteriorfusionthroughconvexside approachprovidesstabilitytoacertainextent,but astheintervertebralfusioncannotprovideenough mechanicalsupport,thereisstillatendencyforthe kyphosistoprogress.Thisgradualprogression eventuallyleadstolossofcorrection,collapseof trunkandevenneurologica…     

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SCOLIOSIS CAUSED BY NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between curve types and clinical results in surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).Methods Forty-five patients with scoliosis resulting from NF-1 were treated surgically from 1984 to 2002. Mean age at operation was 14.2 years. There were 6 nondystrophic curves and 39 dystrophic curves depended on their radiographic features. According to their apical vertebrae location, the dystrophic curves were divided into three subgroups: thoracic curve (apical vertebra at T8 or above), thoracolumbar curve (apical vertebra below T8 and above L1), and lumber curve (apical vertebra at L1 and below). Posterior spine fusion, combined anterior and posterior spine fusion were administrated based on the type and location of the curves. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years. Clinical and radiological manifestations were investigated and results were assessed.Results Three patients with muscle weakness of low extremities recovered entirely. Two patients with dystrophic lumbar curve maintained their low back pain the same as preoperatively. The mean coronal and sagittal Cobb′s angle in nondystrophic curves was 80.3° and 61.7° before operation, 30.7° and 36.9° after operation, and 32.9° and 42.1° at follow-up,respectively. In dystrophic thoracic curves, preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 96.5° and 79.8°,postoperative 49.3°and 41.7°, follow-up 54.1° and 45.3°, respectively. In thoracolumbar curves, preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 75.0° and 47.5°, postoperative 31.2° and 22.8°, follow-up 37.5° and 27.8°, respectively. In lumbar curves preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal plane was 55.3°, postoperative 19.3°, and follow-up 32.1 °. Six patients with dystrophic curves had his or her curve deteriorated more than 10 degrees at follow-up. Three of them were in the thoracic subgroup and their kyphosis was larger than 95 degrees, and three in lumbar subgroup. Hardware failure occurred in 3cases. Six patients had 7 revision procedures totally.Conclusions Posterior spinal fusion is effective for most dystrophic thoracic curves in patients whose kyphosis is less than 95 degrees. Combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion is stronger recommended for patients whose kyphosis is larger than 95 degrees and those whose apical vertebra is located below T8. Patients should be informed that repeated spine fusion might be necessary even after combined anterior and posterior spine fusion.     

经后路责任节段减压、长节段矫形固定融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸分析

目的：分析经后路责任节段减压、长节段矫形固定融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸（DLS）临床效果。方法整群选取该院于2010年3月—2013年7月收治的DLS患者54例,均采取经后路责任阶段减压、长节段矫形固定融合治疗,观察临床效果。结果术后3个月、末次随访结果显示JOA评分、VSA评分、矢状面腰椎前凸角、冠状面Cobb角、矢状位失衡及冠状位失衡水平均优于术前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论经后路责任节段减压、长节段矫形固定融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸效果较好,并发症较轻。     

后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸

目的:评价应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸的效果 .方法:回顾性分析北京大学第一医院骨科自2005年3月至2006年9月应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度脊柱僵硬后凸型侧凸11例(平均年龄11.2岁),其中神经纤维瘤病3例,先天性脊柱侧弯5例,脊髓灰质炎1例,特发性脊柱侧凸2例.11例患者的Bending像脊柱活动度均小于25%.平均随访时间1.3年(0.5～2年).结果:术中1节段后柱楔形截骨3例,2节段后柱楔形截骨2例,3节段后柱楔形截骨2例,经椎弓根截骨2例,椎体切除+后柱切除2例.术前后凸畸形平均108°(87°～135°),侧凸畸形平均97°(65°～135°),术后后凸畸形平均矫正至49°(改善率55%),侧凸平均矫正至37°(改善率66%).术后身高平均增加4.7 cm.11例矫形手术无神经系统并发症发生. 结论:应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸是一种较为有效的手术方法.     

重度脊柱侧凸或后凸畸形的分期手术治疗

背景：重度脊柱侧凸或后凸畸形一直是临床治疗难点。有报道采用临时内固定撑开棒可以帮助矫形,但采用分期手术策略治疗重度侧凸特别是后凸畸形尚未有报道。 方法：15例重度脊柱侧凸或后凸或侧后凸畸形病例接受分期手术治疗,即一期后路小切口撑开部分矫形,3～6个月后再次手术行后路松解矫形内固定植骨融合术,随访2年以上。对所有病例术前、一次术后、二次术前、二次术后和末次随访的影像学资料进行测量,分析术前主弯弹性指数以及侧凸主弯、后凸主弯在各次手术前后的变化和终末随访的丢失情况。记录围手术期并发症发生情况。 结果： 术前侧凸主弯95°～175°,平均为 129.4°,一次手术矫正 58.9°,矫形率45.4%,二次手术矫正30.6°,矫形率24.6% 。间隔期矫形丢失率 7.1%,总矫形率62.9%,随访2年矫形平均丢失率3.9°,最终总矫形率 59.7%. 术前后凸30°～170°,平均为80.3°,总矫形42.2°。 所有病例顺利完成,无严重并发症发生。 结论：后路小切口创伤小,术后恢复快,提高了二次手术耐受力和矫形率。分期手术策略矫形治疗重度脊柱侧凸或后凸畸形效果好,安全性高。     

Surgical treatment for scoliosis extending to main thoracic spine by keyvertebral-screws technique （KVST）

Objective ：To introduce a key-vertebral-screws technique （KVST） in the surgical treatment of scoliosis extending to main thoracic levels, and to find the role of fulcrum bending in predicting the result of surgical treatment for scoliosis by this technique. Methods： Seventeen consecutive patients with scoliosis extending to main thoracic spine, who underwent pure posterior fusion without anterior or posterior release by KVST between January 2004 and July 2005 were evaluated for fulcrum bending flexibility, surgical correction rate, fulcrum bending correction index （FBCI） in main thoracic curves. Universal Spine System （USS） instrumentation was used in 15 cases, Monarch in another 2 cases. The severity of the curves was measured by Cobb＇s method using RadWork 6.0 software. Preoperative standing AP radiographs, preoperative fulcrum bending anterioposterior （AP） radiographs, postoperative standing AP radiographs, and most recent follow-up standing AP radiographs for spine were measured and recorded. All the data were analyzed with two-sample paired t-test by Origin 7.0 software. Results： Infection and neurological complications were not noted. No major complications were found. Just one case had some axial back pain, which got a full recovery from physiotherapy for 2 weeks. In the X-ray, there was an average correction of 71.5 % of the fused main thoracic curves, which had no significant lose of correction in final follow-up. For the whole fused main thoracic curves, the fulcrum bending flexibility were lower to operation correction rate （P=0. 013）. The average FBCI was 123%. From the data, the more rigid curves （especially fulcrum bending flexibility 〈50%）, the more correction rate operation could get, compared with fulcrum bending flexibility. Conclusion： （1） KVST is a good method in the surgical treatment of thoracic scoliosis, which can get satisfying result with lower medical cost. （2） Fulcrum bending flexibility is lower than operative correction rate by KVST in main     

The assessment of immediate post-operative scoliosis correction using pedicle screw system by utilising the fulcrum bending technique

Assessment of the curve flexibility is a crucial step in a surgeon's pre-operative planning for scoliosis surgery. Many techniques have been described. These include traction films, supine side bending films, push prone techniques, traction under general anaesthesia as well as fulcrum bending film. In this study, we studied the pre- and immediate post-operative radiographs of twenty eight adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who were corrected using pedicle screw systems between January 2004 and August 2006. There were twenty two females and six male patients. The mean age of the patients were 17.5 years with a range of 12 to 38 years. Skeletal maturity of the patients was assessed by Risser's score. The majority was Risser 4 (15 cases, 53.6%). Based on King and Moe's classification, the most common curve was type 3 curve (15 cases, 53.6%). Among the twenty eight patients, twenty three patients underwent only posterior correction, while 5 patients underwent additional anterior release surgery. The mean pre-operative Cobb's angle for the posterior surgery group was 65.5 +/- 13.9 degrees and the mean post-operative Cobb's angle was 32.9 +/- 12.6 degrees. There was no difference between the mean correction estimated by fulcrum bending films (Fulcrum Flexibility) and the post- operative Correction Rate figures (44.2% vs. 49.9%). The mean Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) in this group of patients is 112.8%. In the group of patients who underwent additional anterior release, their curves were noted to be larger and less flexible with the mean pre-operative Cobb's angle and Fulcrum Flexibility of 90.4 degrees +/- 9.3 degrees and 23.4% respectively. The Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) for this group of patients was significantly higher than the posterior surgery group: i.e. 164.0% vs 112.8%. Thus, anterior release does help to improve the correction significantly. The fulcrum bending films give good pre-operative estimation of the amount of correction to be expected post-operatively. The fulcrum bending films can help to identify the curve types which might require anterior release in order to improve the scoliosis correction. Using the Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) will also enable surgeons to quantify more accurately the amount of correction achieved by taking into account the inherent flexibility of the spine.     

全椎弓根螺钉一期后路手术治疗重度脊柱侧凸畸形

目的探讨全椎弓根螺钉一期后路手术治疗重度（Cobb角≥90°）脊柱侧凸的临床应用价值.方法随机收集2008年以前先经前路松解,后期经后路椎弓根螺钉或钩固定手术（A组29例）和2008年以后采用全椎弓根螺钉一期后路手术（B组29例）治疗的重度脊柱侧凸患者的完整资料,比较两组手术前后及末次随访时Cobb角、手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用和SRS-24评分的差异.结果 A组主弯Cobb角由（96.3±4.7）°矫正到（28±4.5）°,术后矫正率为（69.5%±4.1）%,B组主弯Cobb角由（98.4±5.8）°矫正到（25±3.7）°,术后矫正率为（72.3%±3.5）%.两组影像学资料比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.A组手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用及SRS评分分别为（350.4±38.7）min,（2 210±165）mL,（94 230.8±3 422.1）和（17.54±0.20）min;B组分别为（253.0±30.7）min,（1210±185）mL,（75 620.8±5432.1）元,（19.74±0.30）min,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论采用全椎弓根螺钉一期后路手术治疗任何病因的重度脊柱侧凸畸形的临床应用价值在于省略前路脊柱松解术,手术风险小,并发症与满意度高且住院费用相对低等优点.     

ANTERIOR SPINAL FUSION WITH TSRH INSTRUMENTATION FOR SCOLIOSIS

Objective. To introduce a new spinal internal fixation system, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (TSRH), and to investigate its early clinical outcomes.Methods. The preliminary clinical outcomes of 15 patients with thoracolumbar or lumbar scoliosis treated by anterior spinal fusion with TSRH instrumentation were studied retrospectively. Fourteen patients were diagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis and 1 as neuromuscular scoliosis.Results. Preoperatively, the Cobb's angle on the coronal plane was 55. 8° (range 35° - 78°), and 14° postoperatively, with an average correction of 74. 8 %. The average unfused thoracical curve was 35. 9 ° preoperatively (range 26° - 51°) and 21. 8° (10°-42° ) postoperatively, with 40% correction. The sagittal curve of lumbar was kept physiologically, preoperative 27. 9° and postoperative 25. 7° respectively. The trunk shift was 13.4 mm (5 - 28mm) preoperatively and 3. 5 mm (0-7 mm) postoperatively. The averaged apic vertebra derivation was 47. 8 mm (21 - 69 mm) before operat     

Strong halo-femoral traction with wide posterior spinal release and three dimensional spinal correction for the treatment of severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background  Many investigators advocate anterior release combined with halo-femoral traction and posterior fusion when treating stiff thoracic curves in patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). But the anterior operations often induce severe complications. Some surgeons choose posterior-only surgery with halo-femoral traction, posterior wide release and correction. But to the best of our knowledge, there are only rare prospective studies on these posterior-only surgeries for AIS patients who have a rigid curve more than 80° and flexibility less than 35%.

Methods  Sixty-four AIS patients were recruited from September 2006 to June 2009. All patients had rigid curves and underwent spinal correction. They were randomly divided into group A (combined anteroposterior surgery) and group B (posterior-only surgery). Images and scoliosis research society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22) scores were performed pre- and post-operation and during follow-up visits. The operation time, blood loss, hospital days, and hospital charges were compared between the two groups.

Results  These patients were followed for an average of 37.5 months (range, 24–65 months). No serious complications were observed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, preoperative radiographic data, or preoperative SRS-22 score. The average operation time, blood loss, hospital days and hospital charges in group B were less than those in group A. The SRS-22 score in group B was better than in group A at post-operation and at final follow-up.

Conclusions  In AIS with a rigid curve more than 80° and flexibility less than 35%, strong halo-femoral traction with wide posterior spinal release and three dimensional spinal correction can provide better SRS-22 scores, comparable curve correction, shorter operation time, less blood loss, shorter hospital stays and lower charges when compared to combined anterior and posterior surgery.

     

脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的相关性

目的探讨脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的关系。方法2005年1月~2006年12月,44例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受手术矫正治疗。术前均行全脊柱磁共振成像(MRI)检查,测量以顶椎为中心9个椎体上下终板层旋转角度,计算椎体和椎间盘机械旋转,以获得脊柱的旋转顺应性;拍摄凸侧Bending位及手术前后胸腰椎正侧位X线片,测量凸侧Bending相Cobb角及手术前后正侧位Cobb角,比较手术前后测量指标差异,计算侧凸柔韧性及矫正率。对侧凸旋转顺应性和柔韧性与手术矫正率进行相关性分析。结果手术前后冠状位和矢状位Cobb角比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,侧凸柔韧性与冠状位Cobb角呈负相关(r=-0.574,P=0.013),而与手术矫正率相关性差;旋转顺应性与冠状位Cobb角无显著相关性,与手术矫正率之间则呈显著正相关(r=0.887,P=0.000)。结论特发性脊柱侧凸患者的侧凸旋转顺应性与后路椎弓根螺钉去旋转矫形的手术矫正率高度相关,术前测量并计算旋转顺应性对于该类手术效果的预计具有重要的意义。     

重度腰骶椎创伤性脱位的手术治疗

目的:探讨重度腰骶椎创伤性脱位的手术治疗方案及其效果。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月～2012年7月收治的65例重度腰骶椎创伤性脱位患者的影像学资料特点、手术治疗方案及术后恢复的效果。其中,46例患者行后路减压、椎弓根钉棒系统复位固定及植骨融合;15例患者在后路减压的同时行前路骨折椎体切除及取自体髂骨植骨融合内固定;4例患者单纯行前路减压、固定和植骨融合。结果:所有病例前后脱位均得以纠正,1例侧方脱位未完全纠正。65例骨折椎体高度和形态恢复良好,椎体高度平均恢复19mm(15～25mm),Cobb角均纠正,除7例脊髓圆锥完全性损伤者外,其余患者的临床症状均有不同程度的改善。结论:对于严重的腰骶椎创伤性脱位患者应根据椎体骨折和后部附件损伤的程度以及椎管受压迫的情况而采用不同的手术方案。     

Surgical treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis by stages

Background  Although previous reports had reported the use of temporary internal distraction as an aid to correct severe scoliosis, two-stage surgery strategy (less invasive internal distraction followed by posterior correction and instrumentation) has never been reported in the treatment of patients with severe spinal deformity. This study aimed to report the results of the surgical treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis by two-stage and analyse the safety and efficacy of this surgical strategy in the treatment of severe spinal deformities.

Methods  A total of 15 patients with severe scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis or kyphosis who underwent two-stage surgeries (less invasive internal distraction followed by posterior correction and instrumentation) were studied based on hospital records. Pretreatment radiographs and radiographs taken after first surgery (internal distraction by two small incisions), before second surgery (posterior correction, instrumentation and fusion), one week after second surgery and final follow-up were measured. Subjects were analyzed by age, gender, major coronal curve magnitude, flexibility of major curve, major sagittal curve magnitude before first surgery, after first surgery, before second surgery, after second surgery and at final follow-up. Complications related to two-stage surgeries were noted in each case.

Results  The average major curve magnitude was 129.4° (range, 95° to 175°), reduced 58.9° or 45.4% after first stage surgery and reduced 30.6° or 24.6% after second stage surgery. The loss of correction during the interval between two surgeries was 7.1%. The total major coronal curve correction was 81.4°or 62.9%. At the final follow up, the average loss of correction of major coronal curve was 3.9° and the final average correction rate was 59.7%. The average major sagittal curve magnitude was 80.3° (range, 30° to 170°), and the total major sagittal curve correction was 48.2°. Loss of correction averaged 4.0° for major sagittal curve and the final correction averaged 42.2°. Clinical complications were noted in the peri-operative and long-term periods.

Conclusions  Two-stage surgery was a safe and effective surgical strategy in this difficult population. Using two-small-incision technique, the first stage surgery was less invasive. No permanent neurologic deficit was noted in this series.

     

第三代脊柱内固定系统在成人脊柱侧凸中应用的疗效评价

目的:回顾分析TSRH、CD、Isola等第三代脊柱内固定系统在成人脊柱侧凸矫治中的应用并评价其疗效.方法:分析运用TSRH、CD、Isola脊柱内固定系统治疗的35例成人脊柱侧凸患者.术前冠状面主弯Cobb角平均58.1° (42°～95°),采用前后路联合矫形或单纯后路矫形手术方法.平均随访20个月(10～48个月).通过影像学资料对术前术后冠状面和矢状面的矫形效果对比分析并通过C7椎体中点距骶中线(CVSL)的距离来分析躯干平衡的重建,通过关于自我评估的问卷调查来获得患者主观治疗效果评价. 结果:所有患者术后外观矫形效果明显(P<0.05).总体冠状面主弯平均Cobb角矫正53.2%.末次随访冠状面Cobb角平均丢失4.3°.C7中点距CVSL由术前的平均2.6 cm矫正为术后的0.24 cm.通过随访期间的问卷调查89.3%以上的患者对外观改善、疼痛的缓解表示满意,2例术气胸、血胸,3例术后随访1年后仍主诉腰背部疼痛,其中2例为临近节段退变,1例为假关节形成. 结论:对于成人脊柱侧凸,第三代脊柱内固定系统能得到冠状面上较高的矫正率、重建躯干平衡,并且可以获得患者较高的满意度,并发症较少.     

脊柱侧凸的手术治疗(附51例报告)

本文报告我院自1982年至1988年治疗脊柱侧凸51例,男30例,女21例,平均年龄16.4岁。其中特发性41例,先天性7例,神经纤维瘤病3例。侧凸CObb角平均73.3°,后凸平均45.8°。单纯哈氏矫正术31例,术前加用颅盆环牵引或经胸前路松解或兼用二者共18例,特瓦手术1例,单纯椎板融合1例。治疗效果:全组侧凸矫正平均36.2°(范围10°～93°),平均矫正率49.7%;后凸平均矫正28.3°(范围2°～81°),平均矫正率55.8%,身高平均增高7.2cm(1～14cm),刀背畸形(21例)平均矫正2.5cm。治疗效果影响因素:与侧凸严重程度成反比;年龄越大,效果越差;与侧凸僵硬程度成反比。本文对手术治疗的适应证进行了讨论,认为还应包括发展中的儿童少年的脊柱侧凸病人和严重的成年人脊柱侧凸。本文还讨论了如何获得最大限度的畸形矫正,应重点克服侧凸僵硬度,重视术中脊髓监测、植骨范围和技术以及妥善的术后处理。     

分期微创手术治疗成人重度退变性脊柱侧凸的中远期临床研究

目的通过分期微创手术的方式（侧路腰椎间融合术+后路经皮椎弓根螺钉固定）治疗成人重度退变性脊柱侧凸病人,评估分期微创手术在恢复病人冠状面和矢状面平衡中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行分期手术治疗的20例重度退变性脊柱侧凸病人的临床资料。记录手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症。通过EOS成像系统来评估病人术前和术后站立位时冠状面、矢状面、骨盆参数变化。所有病人随访2~5年。比较术前和术后各项参数。结果一期经侧路腰椎椎间融合术,手术时间（231±48）min,术中出血（253±80）mL,第二期经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术,手术时间（155±33）min,术中出血（326±99）mL。两次手术间隔7~42 d。一期侧路腰椎间融合术后影像学参数均有明显改善,二期微创后路固定后这些参数得到了进一步改善。在冠状面上Cobb角从初始（43.1±7.3）°经一期手术后降至（11.4±4.0）°（P < 0.01）,二期手术后降至（5.5±1.9）°（P < 0.01）。在矢状面上,腰椎前凸角从（16.8±8.4）°提高到（30.2±6.8）°（P < 0.01）,二期手术后恢复到（37.1±4.0）°（P < 0.01）。矢状面垂直轴从（10.5±2.4）cm降至（5.3±2.1）cm（P < 0.01）,二期手术后再降至（3.1±1.5）cm（P < 0.01）。在骨盆参数方面,骨盆投射角与腰椎前凸角匹配程度从（33.6±9.6）°下降至（17.8±4.5）°（P < 0.01）,二期手术后降至（9.9±3.7）°（P < 0.01）。随访时视觉模拟评分腰痛、腿痛、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均较治疗前明显改善（P < 0.01）。结论对于重度成人退变性脊柱侧凸病人,侧路椎体间融合术可同时纠正冠状面和矢状面平衡,分期微创手术疗效可靠。