一种满足马尔可夫性质的不完全信息下的 Web服务组合方法

针对满足马尔可夫性质的服务组合过程给出了按照用户服务质量(QoS)要求的服务组合方法．首先,提出了一种支持QoS属性描述的Web服务描述模型,并实现了对组合服务整个生命周期的QoS信息描述．在此基础上提出了基于多目标决策理论和k臂赌博机理论的服务选择算法,与同类方法相比,该方法可以在不完全信息下根据用户对QoS属性的偏好来选择合适的候选服务进行组合．最后,给出了QoS驱动的服务组合框架E-WsFrame和具体实现,并分析了实验结果．实验表明E-WsFrame可以综合考虑服务组合的功能要求和QoS要求,从而根据服务请求实现服务的自动组合．     

Rate-sensitive leverage of QoS and QoP for ubiquitous video streaming via buffer-aware feedback control

Providing real-time Internet video streaming anytime, anywhere and using any devices from different access networks preserves more challenges to equilibrate the quality of service (QoS) and security protection (QoP). Because encryption/decryption for video packets are time-consuming processes to protect real-time video streaming services from eavesdropping, our observation is that the playback buffer occupancy (PBO) can simply indicate time availability to adjust security level to affect the packet sending rate. In this paper, we present an end-to-end buffer-aware feedback control from client PBO for effectively securing media streaming for heterogeneous clients over ubiquitous Internet. That is, security-level adjustments can be applied further to keep PBO running away from overflow and underflow to pursue an effective leverage between QoS and QoP. To further boost the protection, we also apply the Diffie-Hellman key negotiation method to provide the dynamic key changes. Moreover, since the running PBO will vary on the dynamics of Internet from access time, client devices and access networks, the different applied security levels and key changes during the video streaming session will make eavesdropper more difficult to recover all the encrypted videos delivered in public networks. We demonstrate the leverage performance in preserving both QoS and QoP for ubiquitous video streaming in our proposed schemes by comprehensive experiments on a true VoD system. The experimental results show our secure VoD scheme can achieve cost-effective leverage of QoS and QoP from different inserted network dynamics, even if client buffer size is limited to 256 KB only.     

An adaptive algorithm for QoS-aware service composition in grid environments

Service composition enables users to realize their complex needs as a single request and it has been recognized as a flexible way for resource sharing and application integration since the appearance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). For each of the needed individual services there may be many candidate services available presented by different vendors and with different functional and non-functional properties such as Quality of Service (QoS). Approaches are needed to select candidate services with various QoS levels according to user’s performance requirements meanwhile adapt to dynamic churn in grid environments. This paper mainly focuses on adaptive management of QoS-aware service composition in grid environments and proposes an adaptive algorithm for QoS-aware service composition (AQSC). In AQSC we model this problem as the Multi-Constrained Optimal Path selection problem (MCOP) and use heuristic approach for service selection, then backup services set is introduced as an adaptive mechanism so as to ensure the fulfillment of composite service when some candidate services fail or withdraw. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that AQSC has high composition success rate, finish rate and low cost.     

Managing deadline miss ratio and sensor data freshness in real-time databases

The demand for real-time data services is increasing in many applications including e-commerce, agile manufacturing, and telecommunications network management. In these applications, it is desirable to execute transactions within their deadlines, i.e., before the real-world status changes, using fresh (temporally consistent) data. However, meeting these fundamental requirements is challenging due to dynamic workloads and data access patterns in these applications. Further, transaction timeliness and data freshness requirements may conflict. We define average/transient deadline miss ratio and new data freshness metrics to let a database administrator specify the desired quality of real-time data services for a specific application. We also present a novel QoS management architecture for real-time databases to support the desired QoS even in the presence of unpredictable workloads and access patterns. To prevent overload and support the desired QoS, the presented architecture applies feedback control, admission control, and flexible freshness management schemes. A simulation study shows that our QoS-aware approach can achieve a near zero miss ratio and perfect freshness, meeting basic requirements for real-time transaction processing. In contrast, baseline approaches fail to support the desired miss ratio and/or freshness in the presence of unpredictable workloads and data access patterns.     

一种基于QoS的Web服务智能动态组合模型

针对当前Web服务数量剧增以及Web服务QoS综合评价不合理而导致Web服务组合效率和效用不高的问题,改进了Web服务组合中QoS计算模型,利用综合变权法动态调整每个Web服务多个属性的权值,并采用改进的粒子群算法来解决服务动态组合中QoS全局优化的问题.实验结果表明,该模型能够合理的选择和组合众多功能相同的服务,提高...     

GOS: a global optimal selection strategies for QoS-aware web services composition

Services composition technology provides a promising way to create new services in services-oriented architecture. However, some challenges are hindering the application of services composition. One of the major challenges encountered by composite services developer is how to effectively select a set of services across different autonomous regions (e.g., organization or business) to instantiate a composite service which can satisfy user’s QoS constraints. To solve QoS-aware Web service composition problem, this paper proposes a global optimization selection (GOS) approach based on prediction mechanism for QoS values of local services. The GOS includes two parts. First, the local preprocessing service selection algorithm can be used to increase composite services performance in run-time by predicting the change of service quality parameters. Second, GOS aims at enhancing the run-time performance of global selection by reducing QoS aggregation operations. The simulation results show that the GOS has excellent selection and lower execution cost than existing approaches.     

QoS4IVSaaS: a QoS management framework for intelligent video surveillance as a service

Quality of service (QoS) is critical for real-time intelligent video surveillance as a service (IVSaaS) platform, which is both computation intensive and data intensive by nature. However, there is scarce work on a QoS framework for IVSaaS platform. In this paper, we propose QoS for intelligent video surveillance as a service, a QoS framework to make computing resources highly available. In the framework, multiple metrics such as throughput, loads of CPU/GPU, memory and IO are taken into account with different time series models to enhance the adaptivity of different video services. A model selection algorithm is proposed to choose the model that achieves the best performance under various error indicators. At the same time, a resource abnormality detection algorithm is designed to detect anomalies when a service is underperformed. Evaluation results show that the proposed QoS framework can successfully ensure QoS by dynamically scheduling computing resources.     

SOA关键型系统QoS可感知的服务动态实时组合策略

针对运行于开放、不确定环境下SOA架构的多使命复杂关键型系统,提出了一个QoS可感知的服务动态组合体系结构及启发式服务实时组合算法,用于满足具有严格QoS限制的复杂用户需求。利用所提出的体系结构可以在线执行服务组合,大大提高了SOA关键型系统的灵活性。通过启发式算法解决了以往服务组合算法时间复杂度的NP难题,最后通过一组实验证明该启发式算法的实时性和具体优化结果。     

Traffic specifications for the transmission of stored MPEG video onthe Internet

Guarantees of quality-of-service (QoS) in the real-time transmission of stored video on the Internet is a challenging task for the success of many video on demand (VoD) applications. Two QoS classes have been specified by the IETF Integrated Services (intserv) Working Group: Guaranteed Services and Controlled-Load Services. For both of them, it is necessary to provide traffic sources with the capability of calculating the traffic characteristics to be declared to the network, Tspec, on the basis of a limited set of parameters statistically characterizing the traffic and the required level of QoS. The target of this paper is to develop an algorithm for the evaluation of the Tspec parameters which characterize the video stream when a given QoS is required. To this end an analytical framework modeling an MPEG stored-video server and the access network node is introduced. The video emission process is modeled with a switched batch Bernoulli process (SBBP), and performance in the video-server smoother is analytically evaluated. Then the token bucket at the network access point, loaded by the output traffic of the video-server smoother, is modeled to calculate the probability of marking nonconforming data packets     

面向QoS全局优化的大规模Web服务组合方法

把多个简单Web服务组合成为更强大的组合Web服务是面向服务计算的目标之一。由于存在多个功能相同但服务质量属性不同的候选Web 服务,因此需要针对服务质量要求进行服务组合。鉴于Web服务组合规模的不断增长和特定领域的时限要求,面向实时大规模Web服务组合问题的快速收敛算法尤为重要,然而目前相关工作还很少。论文提出一种新的Web服务组合算法GAELS（Genetic Algorithm Embedded Local Searching）,运用高适应度初始种群和局部搜索的变异策略,加快收敛速度。通过实验评测表明与简单遗传算法相比,GAELS算法能更快得到近似最优解,且随着服务规模增长,拥有更好的适应性。     

基于图的Web服务组合优化的研究

单个Web服务难以满足实际应用的需求，如何组合已有的服务，形成新的服务，已成为此领域的研究热点。现在的组合方法极少考虑服务质量QoS（Quality of Service）。对于一些提供相似功能的Web服务，服务质量是判断是否选择此服务的关键因素，组合服务的质量必须满足用户的需求。本文基于SOA的服务开发思想，针对当前服务组合存在的问题，提出了一种基于QoS的服务组合方法，并给出了构建基于QoS的Web服务组合及选择最佳服务的策略，通过整合单个服务的质量以得到最终组合服务的整体最佳质量。在满足用户组合服务的功能需求的同时，也满足了用户对服务质量QoS的需求，实现了需求服务的优化。     

Wireless MediaNets: application-driven next-generation wireless IP networks

Thanks to the explosive creation of multimedia contents, the pervasive adoption of multimedia coding standards and the ubiquitous access of multimedia services, multimedia networking is everywhere in our daily lives. Unfortunately, the existing best effort IP network infrastructure, originally designed with little real-time QoS requirement, has started to suffer from performance degradation on emerging multimedia networking applications. This inadequacy problem is further deepened by the prevalence of last/first-mile wireless networking, such as Wi-Fi, mobile WiMAX, and many wireless sensors and ad-hoc networks. This can be evidenced by more and more fragmentation of application-driven IP-based networks, such as for power grid distribution, networked security surveillance, intelligent transportation communication, and many other sensor networks. To overcome the QoS challenges, the next generation wireless IP networks have to be architected in a top-down manner, i.e., application-driven layered protocol design. More specifically, based on the application media data, compression schemes are applied, the subsequent Network, MAC- and PHY-layered protocols need to be accordingly or jointly enhanced to reach the optimal performance. This is the fundamental concept behind the design of Wireless MediaNets. In this survey paper, I will address the QoS challenges specifically encountered in video over heterogeneous wireless broadband networks and address several application-driven Wireless MediaNet solutions based on effective cross-layer integration of APP and MAC/PHY layers. More specifically, the congestion control for achieving airtime fairness of video streaming to maximize the link adaptation performance of Wi-Fi, the minimum latency event-driven data exchange for distributed wireless ad-hoc sensor networks, and the opportunistic multicast of scalable video live streaming over mobile WiMAX.     

GACRM: A dynamic multi-Attribute decision making approach to large-Scale Web service composition

The problem of QoS-aware Web service composition (QWSC), i.e., how to select from a pool of candidate services to construct a composite service with the best overall QoS performance, is an NP-hard problem. To address a large-scale QWSC problem, a novel method is proposed based on information theory, multi-attribute decision making (MADM) and genetic algorithm. To capture complex judgments, the QWSC problem is formulated into a MADM representation which aims to find acceptable solutions assessed by multiple QoS attributes with varying distributions. To solve the MADM problem for QWSC, each QoS attribute is weighted in both a priori, subjective perspective and a posteriori, information-based perspective based on the discriminative capability of QoS attributes for a dynamic pool of candidate services. Furthermore, to solve the large-scale QWSC problem that conventional MADM methods cannot navigate, we develop a GACRM algorithm by integrating genetic algorithm (GA) with Compromise Ratio Method (CRM). Experiments demonstrate that GACRM obtains nearly the same solution ranking by the CRM but scales much better in terms of computation time for large-scale QWSC problems.     

基于QoS本体的Web服务描述和选择机制

随着Web服务数量的急剧增长,如何从大量功能相似的Web服务中选择具有最好的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)的Web服务成为研究的热点.提出了一种基于QoS本体支持QoS的服务选择方法,用QoS本体以及相应的词汇来描述QoS数据,基于以上的工作,提出了一种支持QoS的选择机制,将QoS参数的语义匹配度和数值匹配度相结合,利用归一化算法对不同类型的QoS参数取值进行标准化,最后提出了一个公平的,动态的选择机制和相关实验结论.     

雷达引导的视频联动监控模型及算法

针对视频安防监控系统中出现的监视区域有限、目标定位困难等问题,利用雷达监测范围广、不受光学条件影响的特性,建立了雷达引导的视频联动监控模型,并在此基础上提出了目标定位算法和多目标选择算法。首先,根据雷达检测到的目标信息,自动计算出运动目标在系统联动模型中对应的摄像机方位角和俯仰角,从而引导摄像机准确锁定目标并实时监控追踪。然后,当监控场景中出现多个目标时,采用多目标选择算法,将目标的离散程度、径向速度及其与摄像机之间的距离进行数据加权融合,选择出优先级别最高的目标进行重点监控。实验结果表明,所提目标定位算法对于行人与车辆的定位准确率分别达到0.94和0.84,能够实现目标的准确定位,多目标选择算法可在复杂环境中有效选择出最佳监控目标,具有良好的鲁棒性和实时性。     

基于不确定服务质量感知的云服务组合方法

针对不确定服务质量（QoS）感知的云服务组合优化问题的求解,提出一种不定长时间序列（ULST）模型和锦标赛策略的改进遗传算法（T-GA）。首先,基于用户对服务不同时间段的访问规律,将服务质量的长期变化构建为不定长时间序列模型,该模型能够准确地描述一段时间内用户对服务的真实QoS访问记录。其次,提出一种基于不确定QoS模型的改进遗传算法,该算法采用锦标赛选择策略代替基本遗传算法中的轮盘赌选择策略。最后,在真实数据上进行了大量实验,所提的不定长时间序列模型能够有效地解决不确定QoS感知云服务组合问题,而锦标赛策略的改进遗传算法在寻优结果和稳定性方面均优于基于精英选择策略的遗传算法（E-GA）算法,且运行速度提高近1倍,是可行、高效且稳定的算法。     

Supporting QoS in IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs over fading channel

Transferring real-time traffic such as voice and video over wireless LAN networks (WLAN) requires stringent delay and jitter requirements. Recently IEEE 802.11e standard has been emerged to support QoS in WLAN. One of the methods to provide QoS in this standard is Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) which benefits form the concept of traffic categories. However, EDCA is a contention based method; therefore it can not guarantee strict QoS required by real-time services without proper network control mechanisms. In this paper, we analyze the effect of loss and delay caused by fading channel on EDCA performance. Then, we propose a modification to the media access scheme, called CAFD (Collision Avoidance with Fading Detection) to elevate the performance against channel failures. Moreover an adjustment for the maximum number of retransmissions is proposed to maintain the delay and jitter requirements of the real-time traffic. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated by simulations.     

A Novel Intermediary Framework for Dynamic Edge Service Composition

Multimedia content,user mobility and heterogeneous client devices require novel systems that are able to support ubiquitous access to the Web resources.In this scenario,solutions that combine flexibility,efficiency and scalability in offering edge services for ubiquitous access are needed.We propose an original intermediary framework,namely Scalable Intermediary Software Infrastructure (SISI),which is able to dynamically compose edge services on the basis of user preferences and device characteristics.The SISI framework exploits a per-user profiling mechanism,where each user can initially set his/her personal preferences through a simple Web interface,and the system is then able to compose at run-time the necessary components.The basic framework can be enriched through new edge services that can be easily implemented through a programming model based on APIs and internal functions.Our experiments demonstrate that flexibility and edge service composition do not affect the system performance.We show that this framework is able to chain multiple edge services and to guarantee stable performance.     

Evolutionary composition of QoS-aware web services: A many-objective perspective

Web service based applications often invoke services provided by third-parties in their workflow. The Quality of Service (QoS) provided by the invoked supplier can be expressed in terms of the Service Level Agreement specifying the values contracted for particular aspects like cost or throughput, among others. In this scenario, intelligent systems can support the engineer to scrutinise the service market in order to select those candidates that best fit with the expected composition focusing on different QoS aspects. This search problem, also known as QoS-aware web service composition, is characterised by the presence of many diverse QoS properties to be simultaneously optimised from a multi-objective perspective. Nevertheless, as the number of QoS properties considered during the design phase increases and a larger number of decision factors come into play, it becomes more difficult to find the most suitable candidate solutions, so more sophisticated techniques are required to explore and return diverse, competitive alternatives. With this aim, this paper explores the suitability of many-objective evolutionary algorithms for addressing the binding problem of web services on the basis of a real-world benchmark with 9 QoS properties. A complete comparative study demonstrates that these techniques, never before applied to this problem, can achieve a better trade-off between all the QoS properties, or even promote specific QoS properties while keeping high values for the rest. In addition, this search process can be performed within a reasonable computational cost, enabling its adoption by intelligent and decision-support systems in the field of service oriented computation.     

A secure framework of the surveillance video network integrating heterogeneous video formats and protocols

Recently, IT technologies are becoming focused on different traditional industries. The large scaled intelligent video surveillance system is one of them and it integrates a large number of digitalized CCTV [1] devices through the Web. However, existing video devices have been deployed for many years by different vendors as different models with different specifications. To integrate these heterogeneous devices, the centralized management server (CMS) and its clients need a specialized architecture to deal with different types of media encodings and connection protocols etc. In particular, well-defined access control mechanism is required for a large scaled surveillance video network. In this paper, we designed and implemented a server that incorporates the architecture integrating and delivering multiple video streams from different types of video devices to multiple clients and securing the access to the video streams.