聚丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺/凹凸棒复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

将聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/凹凸棒复合吸附剂用于亚甲蓝的吸附,研究了时间、浓度、酸度、表面活性剂和离子强度等因素对吸附性能的影响。复合吸附剂对亚甲蓝的吸附是吸热过程,60℃时吸附量达到1 273.3 mg.g-1,吸附过程符合Langmuir单分子层吸附等温模式,并计算了热力学常数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS。在实验考察范围内吸附过程均符合准二级动力学特征。该复合吸附剂具有高吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,是良好的亚甲蓝吸附剂。     

凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对刚果红的吸附性能研究

文章以凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料处理原水中的刚果红,探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH及原水初始浓度等因素对刚果红去除处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,25℃时,在中性50 mg/L的刚果红溶液中,振荡60 min,凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对刚果红溶液的吸附可达平衡。凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料作为吸附剂处理含刚果红废水,是一种有效的方法。     

凹凸棒土对水中结晶紫吸附行为的研究

文章主要以凹凸棒土为吸附剂,结晶紫为污染物进行吸附试验。分别研究了吸附等温线、吸附剂的投加量及吸附时间对吸附结果的影响。实验结果表明,凹凸棒土对水中结晶紫的吸附以Langmuir吸附模型为主,当凹凸棒土的投加量为20 mg时吸附时间为180 min时,吸附效果最好。     

超声波改性OTMAC-凹凸棒土吸附苯酚

采用超声波技术,对凹凸棒土进行十八烷基三甲基氯化铵改性,研究改性凹凸棒土对苯酚吸附的工艺条件。以苯酚去除率为指标,探讨了振荡时间、温度、速度、凹凸棒土用量对苯酚去除效果的影响,并且通过正交实验得出了吸附苯酚的最优化工艺条件为：振荡时间60mins,粘土用量2．5g,振荡温度25℃,振荡速度140r／min。该条件下,苯酚去除率迭60．4％。通过FTIR分析和吸附等温线的绘制探讨了OTMAC-凹凸棒土的改性效果以及对苯酚的吸附机制。     

凹凸棒土滤料对浓缩液中镍离子的吸附研究

考察了一种新型凹凸棒土滤料对Ni~(2+)的吸附性能。以吸附量、吸附率为评价指标,探究了吸附剂粒径、吸附剂投加量、pH值、温度对吸附效果的影响;通过在不同温度下拟合吸附等温线,研究凹凸棒土滤料对Ni~(2+)的吸附作用。实验结果表明,当吸附剂为粉末状,投加量为0.5 g, pH值在5～6之间时,凹凸棒土滤料对Ni~(2+)的吸附率达到93.7%,且温度越高,平衡吸附量越大;Ni~(2+)吸附过程更符合准二级动力学方程;等温吸附过程更符合Freundlich模型。     

颗粒化凹凸棒土对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附特性研究

以凹凸棒土为主要原料,成功制备了颗粒状凹凸棒土吸附剂。用X射线衍射分析和BET分析对颗粒化样品进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验重点研究了颗粒状凹凸棒土吸附剂吸附水中Ni(Ⅱ)时的影响因素、吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,颗粒化后,比表面积和孔容积比颗粒化前降低,但凹凸棒土主要衍射峰得以保留。在研究条件下,平衡吸附量随着溶液温度升高而增大,并随着Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度的增大而变大。颗粒状吸附剂用量增加,平衡吸附量却减少。在p H=2~4时,Ni(Ⅱ)吸附去除率随着p H值的增加而变大,p H值超过4以后去除率基本保持不变。颗粒吸附剂对Ni(Ⅱ)吸附动力学过程符合准二级反应模型,吸附是吸热过程,Freundlich方程可以很好描述不同温度下的等温吸附线。     

凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附性能,探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、pH值、反应温度、初始浓度等对Ni^2＋吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Ni^2＋的吸附率随溶液pH值和温度的升高而升高,吸附反应在120 min左右达到平衡,吸附率最高可达99.5%,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型。凹凸棒复合滤料通过再生后可以反复使用。     

颗粒化凹凸棒土对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附特性研究

以凹凸棒土为主要原料,成功制备了颗粒状凹凸棒土吸附剂。用X射线衍射分析和BET分析对颗粒化样品进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验重点研究了颗粒状凹凸棒土吸附剂吸附水中Ni(Ⅱ)时的影响因素、吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,颗粒化后,比表面积和孔容积比颗粒化前降低,但凹凸棒土主要衍射峰得以保留。在研究条件下,平衡吸附量随着溶液温度升高而增大,并随着Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度的增大而变大。颗粒状吸附剂用量增加,平衡吸附量却减少。在p H=2⁴时,Ni(Ⅱ)吸附去除率随着p H值的增加而变大,p H值超过4以后去除率基本保持不变。颗粒吸附剂对Ni(Ⅱ)吸附动力学过程符合准二级反应模型,吸附是吸热过程,Freundlich方程可以很好描述不同温度下的等温吸附线。     

热改性凹凸棒土对罗丹明B的吸附性能

对天然凹凸棒土进行热活化改性,并以其为吸附剂处理罗丹明B染料废水。通过静态吸附实验考察了吸附剂投加量、溶液初始浓度及吸附时间等因素对罗丹明B去除率的影响。结果表明,凹凸棒土经过热活化改性能够提高其表面积,进而提高其对罗丹明B的吸附能力。在热改性凹凸棒土加入量为4g·L-1、罗丹明B的初始浓度为50mg·L-1,吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为30min的条件下,罗丹明B的去除率可达83.5%。热活化凹凸棒土对罗丹明B的吸附过程可用伪二级动力学和Freundlich吸附等温方程描述。     

空气取水用蛭石/MgCl2/MgSO4复合吸附剂的研究

利用蛭石浸渍MgCl2/MgSO4二元盐溶液制备复合吸附剂.探究在开式环境下复合吸附剂对空气中水蒸气的吸附性能.对复合吸附剂在不同吸附温度、吸附湿度工况下的吸附性能进行了实验研究,探究了浸渍盐的质量浓度和二元盐的比例对复合吸附剂吸附性能的影响,并在实际工况下进行取水实验.结果表明,该复合吸附剂相比纯MgCl2/蛭石复合...     

凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对水中CODMn的吸附研究

以凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料处理原水中的CODMn,探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH值及原水初始浓度等因素对CODMn去除处理效果的影响。结果表明,滤料的最佳投加量及吸附时间分别为40g／L和80min,吸附反应是放热反应,在pH约为8时CODMn的去除率可达到54．27％,滤料对CODMn的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料在微污染饮用水处理领域有一定的实际应用价值。     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附性能

固体吸附式制冷因具有环保和节能两大优势,成为国内外竞相开发的热点,尤其是将其用于新型空调系统和太阳能应用产品方面的开发研究备受关注．但从实用化研究成果来看,还远不满足工业化条件,其主要原因之一是受吸附制冷工质对（吸附剂-制冷剂）的性能制约．目前,国内外关于吸附制冷工质对的研究报道比较多,所采用的吸附（工）质仍然以水、甲醇、乙醇和氨为主,对于吸附剂的研究进展比较快,已从当初单一组分吸附剂的选用发展到目前多组分、复合吸附剂的研制．研制性能优良的吸附剂被认为是推动固体吸附式制冷工业化的关键之一．     

凹凸棒复合滤料对氨氮的静态吸附研究

文章通过静态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对氨氮的吸附性能,探讨了吸附时阅,氨氮初始浓度,pH,温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,吸附在60min达到平衡,吸附动力学过程遵循准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,吸附率在pH=2-6时较高,并且随着温度的升高而升高。     

Poly(Acrylamide-Sepiolite) Composite Hydrogels: Preparation, Swelling and Dye Adsorption Properties

Summary Polymer-clay hydrogel composite was prepared on the basis of polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel containing the clay mineral sepiolite. The properties of swelling and dye adsorption of poly(acrylamide-sepiolite) (AAm/Sep) composite hydrogel were investigated. The parameters of swelling and diffusion in water and dye solutions were calculated for the AAm and AAm/Sep hydrogels. It was found that the equilibrium swelling degree of obtained composite higher than that of AAm gel. Spectroscopic analysis of composite and composite-dye systems was done with FT-IR method. Adsorption of monovalent cationic dyes such as Basic Blue 12 (BB-12) Basic Blue 9 (BB-9), and Basic Violet 1 (BV-1), was studied on the composite. In the adsorption experiments, S (Sigmoidal) type for composite gel adsorption isotherms in the Giles classification system was found. Adsorption studies indicated that the amounts of adsorbed dyes on the AAm/Sep composite hydrogel were increased with following order; BB-12 > BB-9 > BV-1. The composite hydrogel may be considered as good candidate for environmental application to retain more water and dyes.     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附等温线推算

用真空重力法测定了水和乙醇在自制复合吸附剂上的吸附等温线。采用由微孔填充理论导出的吸附平衡方程对所测得的等温线进行了拟合,计算相应的吸附热;对用Clausius Clapeyron方程推算吸附等温线的方法进行了讨论,并推算有关吸附等温线。结果表明:水在自制复合吸附剂M1 0001和M1 9906上平衡吸附量的推算值与实测值之间的相对误差<10%;乙醇在自制复合吸附剂上的推算误差<15%。给出了推算等温线和获得等压线的简便方法。     

Fluoride Removal from Water with Spent Catalyst

Abstract

The adsorption of fluoride from water with spent catalyst was studied. Adsorption density of fluoride decreased with increasing pH. Linear adsorption isotherm was utilized to describe the adsorption reaction. The adsorption was a first-order reaction, and the rate constant increased with decreasing surface loading. Adsorption reaction of fluoride onto spent catalyst was endothermic, and the reaction rate increased slightly with increasing temperature. Fluoro-alumino complex and free fluoride ion were involved in the adsorption reaction. It is proposed that both the silica and alumina fractions of spent catalyst contribute to the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Coulombic interaction is proposed as the major driving force of the adsorption reaction of fluoride onto spent catalyst.     

Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer–clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion

A polymer–clay based composite adsorbent was prepared from locally obtained kaolinite clay and polyvinyl alcohol. The composite adsorbent was used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution in a fixed bed mode. The increase in bed height and initial metal ion concentration increased the adsorption capacity of lead (II) and the volume of aqueous solution treated at 50% breakthrough. However, the adsorption capacity was reduced by almost 16.5% with the simultaneous presence of Ca²⁺/Pb²⁺ and Na⁺/Pb²⁺ in the aqueous solution. Regeneration of the adsorbent with 0.1 M of HCl also reduced its adsorption capacity to 75.1%. Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto the polymer–clay composite adsorbent in the presence of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ electrolyte increased the rate of mass transfer, probably due to competition between cationic species in solution for adsorption sites. Regeneration further increased the rate of mass transfer as a result of reduced adsorption sites after the regeneration process. The length of the mass transfer zone was found to increase with increasing bed height but did not change with increasing the initial metal ion concentration. The models of Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, and Clark were found to give good fit to adsorption data. On the other hand, Bohart–Adams model was found to be a poor predictor for the column operation. The polymer–clay composite adsorbent has a good potential for the removal of lead (II) ions from highly polluted aqueous solutions.     

Synthesis of novel low‐cost porous gangue microsphere/geopolymer composites and their adsorption properties for dyes

A novel porous coal gangue microsphere/geopolymer (CG/KGP) composite was firstly synthesized by adding gangue microspheres into geopolymer matrix. Effects of precalcined temperature of CG microspheres on the microstructure and specific surface area of the porous CG/KGP particles were systematically investigated. Adsorption properties of the CG/KGP composites were also reported. Results showed that the CG/KGP composites contained mainly amorphous phase and many functional groups were on the particle surface. The precalcined CG microspheres were dispersed homogenously and bonded well with the KGP matrix. The CG900/KGP samples showed better adsorption properties than the pure KGP. As for the dosage of 4 g/L (starting concentration, 100 mg/L), adsorption capacity achieved the highest value of 24.6 mg/g and the removal efficiency reached 98%. Adsorption of MB onto CG900/KGP particles followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The novel porous CG/KGP composite has potential application in wastewater filtration and adsorption treatment.     

钇/羟基磷灰石的制备及对含磷废水的净化

以氢氧化钙和磷酸二氢钠为原料制备羟基磷灰石，通过化学沉淀法制备钇/羟基磷灰石复合材料，利用SEM-EDS（扫描电子显微镜）、XRD（X射线衍射）、FTIR（傅里叶变换红外光谱）等表征其晶体结构与形貌，并采用静态吸附实验考察吸附剂的负载比例、pH、吸附时间和初始浓度对磷酸盐的吸附性能的影响。结果显示：羟基磷灰石为分散均匀的稻米状颗粒，XRD图谱显示为典型的羟基磷灰石，钇/羟基磷灰石颗粒发生团聚且粒径变大，特征峰峰强减弱，但未出现新的强特征峰。吸附研究表明：钙与钇的摩尔比为2∶1时吸附效率最高，复合材料的吸附容量随初始浓度的增加而增大，最大吸附量为116.38mg/g，吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型、双室一级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型，吸附过程由化学吸附主导，随pH在3~9的范围增加，复合材料的吸附效率先增后减，在pH为5~6时达到最大值。