调解·判决·司法公正

调解·判决·司法公正李轩古往今来，公正和秩序一直是人类法律舞台上两大永恒的价值主题。对于法律而言，两种价值都至关重要；但当二者发生冲突时，又应有主次之分─－现代法治精神要求公正价值取得高于秩序价值的优先地位。然而，观察我国有的地区的司法现状，不难发现...     

法·秩序·和谐社会浅论

构建和谐社会是一项惠及全民的庞大的社会系统工程。是新的历史条件下的主旋律，涉及政治建设、经济建设、文化建设和社会建设的方方面面。本文只从法律、秩序与和谐社会的关系的角度作一粗浅论述。     

法律阅读的秩序

对于法律阅读的秩序 ,作者和读者有所不同。立法者阅读的秩序可界定为发现公理和法律的秩序。不同类型的读者在法律阅读中的秩序要求不同 :民众是在法律中发现自己的利益 ;法律家旨在法律的公平运用 ;法学家是要找出法律的应然和实然的内在关系。秩序中的阅读不仅因为人们对安全和秩序地生存的主观动机而产生 ,而且因为法律本身作为人类秩序的载体而形成。法律是自由、秩序、正义之诗。     

构建和谐社会促进法律秩序形成

和谐社会作为法律秩序建构的重要目标,对法律秩序的形成起着巨大的推动作用。法律秩序作为重要的法律价值和法治社会的重要标志,对于构建社会主义和谐社会起着巨大的稳定与保障作用。促进法律秩序形成是构建和谐社会的重要途径,增强构建和谐社会的能力,可以促进法律秩序的形成。     

试论法律秩序中的法律关系体系

法律秩序是法律调整社会关系而形成的有序状态。在法律秩序形成过程中,法律关系起着十分重要的作用,在很大程度上法律秩序是通过法律关系实现的,因此,研究法律秩序中的法律关系体系问题,既能深化法律秩序理论,又能拓宽对法律关系的认识。 一、法律关系体系的概念 法律关系是法律调整社会行为     

哈耶克的两条路——阅读《规则·秩序·无知》

从相连于哈耶克重要问题的《法律、立法与自由》一书,可以获知哈耶克的“法律、立法与自由”研究中隐含着两条截然不同的分析路径一是在试图教导立法一脉理论主张下的研究,二是经由引介其知识观所主张的重构发现法律一脉的阐释。在邓正来的论文集《规则·秩序·无知》一书中,论及哈耶克问题的解释路向大体上是基于教导立法这一脉理论来的。因此,另一条可能性的哈耶克解释路径就能从重构发现法律这一脉理论的路线开始。     

秩序·公平·效率——市场法律价值目标模式定位

社会主义市场经济改革模式在中国的正式确立。体现了中国在现代化进程中迈出了关键的一步.也表明了中国正在进行一场前所未有的秩序大变革。“中国已经明显地进入了社会变革的惯性加速过程”。毋庸置疑,旧秩序的变革,新秩序的建立。必然会触及人们社会利益再分配这一深层次问题.必然会引起社会价值观念、心理、社会行为的变化,从而诱发不稳定因素。同时.市场经济模式的确立,必然要求我们重估秩序、公平与效率之间的关系。本文拟对这一问题作一理论探讨。笔者认为“以秩序为本,以机会公平和效率为主,兼顾结果公平”。应该是市场经济转轨过程中我国法律的价值目标模式。     

法的社会评价对法律秩序构建的作用

法律对秩序的构建起着至关重要的作用,但是人们往往没注意到法的社会评价对法律秩序的建立也起着关键作用。我国法律秩序建构的模式是自上而下的,上面推进,下面执行,完全是权威推进型,殊不知人们对法的评价会影响法律秩序的建构。本文从影响法的社会评价的诸因素入手,分析人们对法的评价对法律秩序构建的作用,力图转变人们认为法律秩序的建构主要是依靠权威作用的观点,使人们更加关注法的社会评价对法律秩序的建构作用。     

我们离“公证人职业化”还远吗？

法律的创制,是为以法律为根据创造法律秩序提供前提条件,法律并不自发地构成法律秩序,只有通过法律职业共同体对它的具体操作,才能创造生动、理性的法律秩序.公证人作为应用类法律职业者,和法官、律师、检察官一样,是法律的实践者.     

试论法律秩序的概念及构成

一、法律秩序概念的界定 法律秩序这一概念在我国有种约定俗成的解释,即《法学辞典》中的解释:“法律秩序,由法律确立和保护的人与人相互之间有条不紊的状态。即法律所保护的社会秩序、工作秩序、教学秩序和生活秩序。”这是我国理论界认可的解释。从涉猎到的国外     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

From Criminal Law to Legal Theory: The Mysterious Case of the Reasonable Glue Sniffer

The modern idea of criminal justice is organised around a series of antinomies which include the formal and the substantive, the universal and the particular, the individual and the social. This paper examines the place of these antinomies in four different but connected settings: the plight of the humane judge, the classical enlightenment theory of retributive punishment, the judgment of provoked killing, and the critique of orthodox subjectivism in the Anglo–American law. The play of the universal and the particular and the formal and substantive within law reflects and embodies the underlying antinomy of the individual and the social – even where it does not mention it.
The qualitative moment is preserved in all quantification, as the substrate of that which is to be quantified.     

Strategies of inheritance among Kentish fishing communities in the later Middle Ages

Anthropologists and historians have long been interested in the subject of inheritance. One area that has received considerable attention is the connections between property, production and the family. Researchers have noted the complexity of the systems used by donors and recipients whereby assets are transmitted, including matters of timing, life cycle stage and the formation of relationships. One of the most significant times is death. For the family, the death of a spouse often has severe implications for its production and reproduction, and the strategies of inheritance employed affect its subsequent history. Studies of post-mortem inheritance have primarily investigated agricultural communities. This article seeks to test their findings by exploring the links between occupation and inheritance, and between identity and inheritance with respect to the fishing families from two small late medieval Kentish towns. The exceptionally good testamentary materials for the fishermen of Lydd and Folkestone reveal the deployment of a number of post-mortem inheritance strategies. By indicating the importance of significant relations in the transference of material and symbolic capital at this critical time, the study provides a greater understanding of the role of inheritance in familial and communal replication.     

调解、诉讼与公正——对现代自由社会和儒家传统的反思

调解作为一种解决纷争的做法和制度 ,是我国传统法律文化尤其是儒家法律文化的重要部分。在现代法治社会中 ,调解否已经过时 ?本文首先介绍中国的调解传统的哲学基础、理论和实践 ,然后从现代自由主义和法治理想的角度 ,对传统的调解提出批判。本文进而指出 ,调解在当代的中国以至西方仍有顽强的生命力 ,西方学者对调解作为“解决纠纷的另类选择”之一提出了多种理论依据 ,其中不少与儒家传统的睿见不谋而合。本文的结论是 ,经过“创造性转化”后的调解理论与实践能对现代文明作出贡献 ,由此可见 ,传统文化遗产在现代仍是十分宝贵和有用的资源。     

甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化的初步研究

目的对甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化机制进行初步研究。方法利用GC/MS,GC/NPD法,测定单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量变化过程,考察给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量间的关系,并研究毛发颜色对染毒豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP含量的影响。结果单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中代谢产物AP均高于原体MAP,给药时间及给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量显著相关,同体豚鼠黑色毛发中的MAP、AP含量均明显高于棕色、白色毛发。结论给药方式、给药剂量及毛发颜色对豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量均有显著影响。     

试论指导性案例的“指导性”

指导性意味着权威性和一般性;指导性案例目前在我国其实是一种非正式意义上的法律渊源,作为一种法律渊源它既具有形式合法性,也具有实质合法性。作为非正式的法律渊源,它具有辅助性,即效力上的说服性和参考性、功能上的从属性、效力位阶上的次级性和产生方法的有限性。为了保证指导性案例的指导性,需要从内容与形式两个方面来确定选择指导性案例,注重判决中所确立的法律观点或对有关问题的法律解决方案以及对该观点或该方案的法律论证;应当采用"一元、二级、多层次"的案例制作、确定与选择体制,编辑出版新型的具有统一性、普遍性、系统性和便利性的指导性案例汇编;应当鼓励、引导对指导性案例的规范性使用。     

Competing Knowledge Systems in the Management of Fish and Forests in the Pacific Northwest

In this paper I investigate the interaction of knowledge and institutions in the context of First Nations in the Pacific Northwest of Canada who have evolved management systems for fish and forest resources over hundreds of years. These management systems are viewed as institutions that are based on and apply knowledge systems over time. In the Nisga'a and Haida nations, knowledge systems guide management regimes that govern access, rights and responsibilities, harvesting, allocation of benefits and costs, technology, education and training. For the past hundred years these institutions and knowledge systems have come into conflict with knowledge and management systems imposed first by missionaries, settlers and colonizers and later from Provincial and National governments and corporations holding tenure rights assigned by those governments. National and international regimes such as the Law of the Seas and the Exclusive Economic Zones conflict with traditional institutions and knowledge systems by privileging one level of governance and consequently one form of knowledge and devaluing others. The paper is based on research conducted in the Pacific Northwest over the past eight years, primarily through interviews with elders, decision-makers, and resource users, as well as observation of cultural and resource practices. The research investigated the impacts of conflicting knowledge systems and the attempts to resolve those conflicts. The paper raises questions about knowledge systems and institutions, about institutional interplay, and the impact of international institutions on local institutions as they come into contact and conflict.     

检察机关内设机构设置的改革与立法完善

组织机构的改革是当下检察改革乃至司法改革发展的一个关键内容。作为一个系统概念,检察机关组织机构包含了组织体系、内设机构和检察官三个有机组成部分。其中,内设业务机构作为检察权分解的组织体现和检察官办案的行政组合形态,对检察职能实现和检察改革的成效发挥着重要的影响作用。其现实地位、功能和改革样态,对当今的司法改革有重要的说明意义。在对内设机构进行科学定位,建立科学的设置标准体系的前提下,规划、调整内设业务机构,进一步发展作为其二级机构的有机组成部分的检察官办案组合,是检察机关内设机构改革的基本着力点,也是有效地推动现阶段检察改革规范化发展的重要保证。     

本体论的兴衰与哲学时代主题的转换

从历史上看,本体论的演化经历了一个曲折的过程.早期,本体论的兴盛说明了哲学研究的重心是探讨世界的"本原","形而上"的追索构成了古代哲学的主题.近代以来,认识论的繁荣与本体论的衰落是同一个过程的两个方面,哲学研究中对"形而上"问题的质疑和对精确科学的推崇把哲学变成了所谓的"科学之科学".哲学主题的"科学化"一方面使哲学蒙上了"科学"的表象,另一方面也使之远离了人类的终极关怀和至上理想.然而,现代人文精神的失落和科学技术发展带来的人类生存危机提醒人们:科学和人文是人类社会发展的双轨,哲学的科学化是不符合哲学的本性和社会发展的要求的,世界范围内兴起的对本体论研究的热潮证明了哲学的当代主题乃是人与世界的和谐共处问题,哲学在其中起着人类生活信念重建和理性对待世界的双重任务.     

The urban household in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1900–2000: Patterns of family formation in a turbulent century

Starting from census data on co-residence and household composition, the authors analyse principles of family organisation and family formation in twentieth-century urban Russia and the Soviet Union. The article uses an adapted version of the classification of households developed by Peter Laslett and Eugene Hammel to study variation in household structure for successive population censuses. Changes in this variation between cross-sections are explained with the help of additional quantitative and qualitative data and are linked to the fundamental demographic, social and economic shifts which took place in Russian society in the course of the twentieth century. The article finds a family system characterised by a tendency towards nuclear family formation, but incorporating a fairly stable element of household extension. Co-residence of three generations was both an answer to a perennial housing problem and offered important advantages in the sphere of childcare and care for the elderly. Variation and fluctuation in household structure are found to be most pronounced during the turbulent first half of the century. After a period of stability during the post-war decades of Soviet rule, post-Soviet transformations provoke new changes.