植物乳杆菌发酵乳对小鼠降胆固醇作用

目的:利用从泡菜中分离的一株植物乳杆菌制备发酵乳并研究其降血脂功能。方法:采用该植物乳杆菌混合市售发酵剂制备发酵乳,发酵剂与植物乳杆菌接种量分别为0.05%(V/V)和2%(V/V),发酵温度为37 ℃,时间14 h。采用高血脂模型小鼠研究发酵乳的降血脂功能,将30只小鼠随机分成正常组、对照组和发酵乳组3 组,正常组喂基础饲料,对照组和发酵乳组喂高脂饲料,正常组和对照组灌胃生理盐水,发酵乳组灌胃发酵乳,正常组和对照组小鼠饲养14 d后采血,检测血清中的TC、TG含量,小鼠饲养28 d后,测定血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C含量以及肝脏中的TC、TG含量。结果表明:所得发酵乳具有清香、口感好的特点;动物实验显示,小鼠饲养14 d后,与正常组相比,对照组血清中的TC、TG含量显著升高(p<0.05),表明高脂模型诱导成功;28 d后,发酵组小鼠血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)与对照组相比显著降低(p<0.05)。微生物检验结果表明,肝脏中没有发现乳酸菌,发酵乳在小鼠体内不会发生肝肠易位现象。结论:含有植物乳杆菌的发酵乳对高脂小鼠具有一定的降血脂功能,可以使小鼠血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)显著降低(p<0.05)。     

植物乳杆菌发酵乳对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

为了探讨植物乳杆菌发酵乳对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢的调节作用,为功能性发酵乳制品开发提供实验参考。采用高脂饲料喂养法,诱导形成大鼠高脂血症模型,将造模成功大鼠随机分为3组:高脂模型组、发酵乳样品组和自然降脂组。高脂模型组继续饲喂高脂饲料作为对照,发酵乳样品组饲喂高脂饲料的同时灌胃植物乳杆菌发酵乳,自然降脂组改为饲喂基础饲料,4周后测定各组大鼠的血脂浓度。结果显示,发酵乳样品组及自然降脂组与高脂模型组相比较,大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)浓度显著下降(P0.01),血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度显著下降(P0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度升高(P0.05),表明发酵乳样品对高脂血症大鼠血脂具有显著改善作用,通过调节饮食结构,高脂血症大鼠血脂可自行恢复正常。     

植物乳杆菌KFY02发酵柠檬汁对高脂饮食小鼠肥胖的抑制作用及肠道菌群调节作用

本研究旨在观察植物乳杆菌KFY02发酵柠檬汁的减脂的作用及其对肠道菌群调节作用。本研究通过高脂饮食引起小鼠肥胖,将实验小鼠分为正常组、模型组、植物乳杆菌KFY02组、未发酵柠檬汁组和发酵柠檬汁组,采用生化试剂盒、切片观察和定量PCR实验检测小鼠血清、组织相关指标并通过检测粪便中微生物的表达观察肠道微生物组成。实验结果显示,植物乳杆菌KFY02、未发酵柠檬汁和发酵柠檬汁均能够有效减轻肥胖小鼠体重,降低肝脏和附睾脂肪组织的器官指数,降低血清和肝脏组织的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平和提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平,增加小鼠粪便中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和总蛋白（TP）的含量。H&E病理学观察发现,植物乳杆菌KFY02、未发酵柠檬汁和发酵柠檬汁还能够减轻肥胖造成的肝组织病变和脂肪细胞增大和堆积。qPCR实验结果显示,植物乳杆菌KFY02、未发酵柠檬汁和发酵柠檬汁能够上调高脂饮食引起的肥胖小鼠肝组织的PPAR-α、CPT-1、LPL、CYP7A1的mRNA表达和下调C/EBPα、PPAR-γ表达;同时还可以上调拟杆菌门、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌微生物的表达和下调厚壁菌门表达。这些结果表明,植物乳杆菌KFY02、未发酵柠檬汁和发酵柠檬汁均能够起到对小鼠的减脂作用,且发酵柠檬汁的效果最好,发酵柠檬汁对小鼠的减脂作用与其调节小鼠肠道功能和微生物组成有直接关系。由此可以看出,植物乳杆菌KFY02发酵柠檬汁对肥胖小鼠具有良好的减脂作用和肠道调节作用。     

发酵乳杆菌SM-7的筛选及对小鼠降胆固醇作用

筛选1 株具有高效降胆固醇活性的乳酸菌菌株并研究其降胆固醇的特性。采用分离自新疆酸马奶的10 株乳酸菌,通过益生活性的测定以及降胆固醇实验筛选得到1 株具有高效降胆固醇的益生菌株SM-7,经过鉴定为发酵乳杆菌。该菌株在液体培养基中的胆固醇脱除率为66.82%,用该菌液饲喂小鼠4 周,研究其对小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及体质量和肝、肾质量的影响。结果显示,实验组小鼠的血清TC、TG、LDL-C 含量均显著低于高脂模型组(P ＜ 0.01),而HDL-C 含量没有显著差异(P ＞ 0.05)。这表明发酵乳杆菌SM-7 对实验性高脂血症小鼠血清有显著的降胆固醇作用。     

植物乳杆菌MA2对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

评价西藏Kefir蹶植物乳杆菌MA2体内降胆固醇的功效.饲喂大鼠高胆固醇饲料的同时,灌胃Lactobacillus plantarum MA2活菌制剂(1011 cells/dper rat).实验结果显示,植物乳杆菌MA2显著降低了大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)的水平,但是对高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)的水平并没有显著影响.另外,该制剂还显著降低了肝胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,却明显提高了粪便中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量.研究证明了植物乳杆菌MA2具有降血脂的益生菌应用潜力.     

益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂血症小鼠降血脂及肝损伤缓解的作用

研究干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在体外降胆固醇能力及三种益生菌混合发酵豆乳对高脂饮食小鼠血脂及肝损伤的影响。采用邻苯二甲醛法评价益生菌体外降胆固醇能力。采用C57BL/6N小鼠,并将其随机分为7组,即对照组;高脂组;干酪乳杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;双歧杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;三种益生菌混合发酵豆乳干预组;未发酵豆乳干预组。连续喂养7周后,测定血清和肝脏中相关血脂指标,并观察肝脏组织病理学变化。结果表明:干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在体外降胆固醇能力分别为43.14%、46.27%和40.53%。益生菌混合发酵豆乳显著降低小鼠腹部和肾周脂肪指数,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL),升高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平,降低肝脏TC、TG、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,并明显改善肝脏脂肪堆积。     

植物乳杆菌K25对小鼠急性毒性和细菌移位实验研究

通过小鼠急性毒性和细菌移位实验,评价植物乳杆菌K25口服安全性。小鼠连续14 d灌胃不同剂量的植物乳杆菌K25,各试验组小鼠在一般体征、脏器指数、血清和肝脏生化指标与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。且各剂量组小鼠血液、肝脏、脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结匀浆液中均未检测到植物乳杆菌K25,说明未出现菌血症变化和细菌移位现象。上述结果均表明植物乳杆菌K25安全无毒副作用。     

植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠的影响

为探究植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳缓解大鼠多囊卵巢综合征症状(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)的能力,采用来曲唑灌胃的方式构建PCOS大鼠模型,并以此模型评价了3株植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳对PCOS大鼠体重、卵巢病理学、性激素水平、糖脂代谢等的影响。结果表明,来曲唑给药后大鼠体重以及卵巢重量均显著增加,卵巢呈多囊样改变,性激素水平以及生化指标异常。3株植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳干预后均不同程度减轻了来曲唑引起的大鼠卵巢病变,降低PCOS大鼠血清睾酮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。其中,植物乳杆菌CCFM1019发酵豆乳可以显著增加血清中雌二醇水平,降低谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)含量,而植物乳杆菌LP4发酵豆乳可以显著降低血清中促黄体生成素含量以及谷丙转氨酶、AST含量。这些不同植物乳杆菌发酵的豆乳能在不同程度上缓解大鼠PCOS症状。     

改善代谢综合征作用乳杆菌的分离鉴定及评价

为了筛选具有改善代谢综合征作用的乳杆菌,本研究以高脂高糖饮食建立代谢综合征小鼠模型,以小鼠体质量、血脂水平、炎症因子水平和胰岛素抵抗指数为指标,从传统发酵食品中自主分离鉴定出6株乳杆菌并评价其改善代谢综合征作用。API 50 CHL糖发酵和16S rDNA部分序列测序比对结果表明,6株乳杆菌均为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。动物实验结果表明,与模型组比较,6株菌均具有降低小鼠体重、调节血脂紊乱、降低炎症水平、改善胰岛素抵抗的作用,但菌株间作用有差异。其中,植物乳杆菌S9能够明显改善代谢综合征模型小鼠的胰岛素抵抗指数（29.26%）,并显著降低血清中总胆固醇TC（13.22%）、甘油三酯TG（9.97%）、低密度脂蛋白LDL-C（21.31%）、游离脂肪酸FFA（32.33%）的水平,提高高密度脂蛋白HDL-C（15.91%）的水平。植物乳杆菌S9能显著降低小鼠血清中炎症因子的水平（白细胞介素-1β,IL-1β 12.03%、肿瘤坏死因子-α,TNF-α 20.46%、白细胞介素-6,IL-6 15.90%、C-反应蛋白CRP 37.28%、脂多糖LPS 10.01%）。因此,基于上述筛选评价的结果,植物乳杆菌S9可作为潜在的功能性菌株用于代谢综合征的预防和治疗。     

植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠的降胆固醇功效

研究植物乳杆菌L01对喂食高脂膳食的大鼠脂质代谢中的降胆固醇功效。SD大鼠被随机分成正常组、对照组、实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ。正常组喂食基础饲料,对照组喂食高脂饲料,实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ在喂食高脂饲料的基础上分别喂食低剂量(植物乳杆菌L01含量10~8 cfu/mL)和高剂量(植物乳杆菌L01含量10~(10) cfu/mL)的植物乳杆菌L01,饲养4周后测定相关指标。结果显示,正常组、对照组、实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ的SD大鼠的脏器指数差异不显著(P0.05),这说明植物乳杆菌L01对大鼠没有明显的毒副作用;实验组Ⅰ和实验组ⅡSD大鼠的TC、TG、LDL-C明显低于对照组(P0.05),HDL-C明显高于对照组(P0.05),说明植物乳杆菌L01对高脂血症大鼠有一定的降胆固醇作用;实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ的SD大鼠的胰岛素和瘦素水平较低,说明植物乳杆菌L01对胰岛素和瘦素水平的调节有重要影响,植物乳杆菌L01可能是通过调节瘦素水平和胰岛素水平控制了血脂水平调节,降低了血脂中的胆固醇水平。     

Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Skim Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Acidophilus

The effects of reconstituted skim milk, and the same fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, were tested in rats. Rats were fed a stock diet and drinking water containing one of three milk treatments: (1) no supplementary milk; (2) 10% milk; or (3) 10% milk fermented by L. acidophilus. After 4 wk, rats receiving the fermented milk had lower (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels (65 mg/dl) than did the water-fed (78 mg/dl) or milk-fed (79 mg/dl) rats. Weight gain, feed intake, liver lipid contents and fecal lactobacilli counts were not different among treatment groups. Data indicate that factors influencing serum cholesterol levels were produced during fermentation of the milk.     

Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Ropy Fermented Milk

The effect of ropy fermented milk on serum cholesterol in rats was studied. Basic diets containing slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495, its non slime-forming variant SBT 1275, and acidified reconstituted skim milk, with 0.5% cholesterol added, were fed to F-344 rats for 7 days. Serum cholesterol level of rats fed the ropy fermented milk were the lowest among the three treatments. The serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio of rats fed ropy fermented milk was the highest. Slime materials produced by L. lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495 had a beneficial effect on rat cholesterol metabolism.     

Effect of administration of fermented milk containing whey protein concentrate to rats and healthy men on serum lipids and blood pressure

The effect of fermented milk supplemented with whey protein concentrate on the serum lipid level of rats was investigated. The serum total cholesterol level for the group fed fermented milk with both Lactobacillus casei TMC0409 and Streptococcus thermophilus TMC 1543 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) in rats. Furthermore, the effect of the longterm intake of this fermented milk on the serum lipid level of twenty healthy adult men was investigated. During the 8-wk study, the volunteers consumed 200 ml of fermented milk or placebo in the morning and evening. Blood samples were drawn for analysis three times, just before taking the experimental diet, and after 4 wk and 8 wk of consumption. After 8 wk, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level for the fermented milk group showed a significant rise after 4 wk (P<0.05), whereas that of the placebo group showed no change even after 4 wk (P>0.05). The triglyceride level for the fermented milk group lowered significantly after 4 wk (<0.05), whereas that of the placebo group showed no change even after 4 wk (P>0.05). The atherogenic index [(total cholesterol - high density lipoprotein cholesterol)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol] for the fermented milk group decreased significantly from 4.24 to 3.52 (P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure lowered significantly by the intake of fermented milk (P<0.05) On the other hand, such effect was not observed in the placebo group (P>0.05). These results indicate potential of the development of fermented milk with multiple therapeutic effects.     

Effect of bioactive compounds in lactobacilli-fermented soy skim milk on femoral bone microstructure of aging mice

BACKGROUND: Soy skim milks fermented with lactobacilli contain various phytochemicals such as isoflavones and peptides. We used lactobacilli‐fermented soy skim milk as a nutritional supplement for 6 weeks to investigate its anti‐osteoporosis effect in 13‐month‐old female BALB/c aging mice. Freeze‐dried powder of soy skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101F) and L. plantarum NTU 102 (NTU 102F) were used in this study. RESULTS: The trabecular bone volumes in mice fed NTU 101F and NTU 102F increased by a factor of 3.48 and 2.16 compared with control values, respectively. The network density and thickness of distal metaphyseal trabecular bone in mice fed with NTU 101F and NTU 102F milks were significantly denser than that of control mice; moreover, the NTU 101F group had the largest resting area ratio and smallest resorbing area compared with other groups. The beneficial effect may due to isoflavones as well as higher amounts of polysaccharide and peptide in NTU 101F milk. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dietary supplement with fermented soy skim milk can attenuate aging‐induced bone loss in BALB/c mice and possibly lower the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis in aging. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats

The effects of milk and nonfermented milks produced from Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and total bile acids and fecal steroids and microflora were estimated in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets. Lactobacilli decreased and coliforms increased in feces of the control group; however, the concentrations of fecal lactobacilli remained unchanged when rats were fed nonfermented milks. Fecal coliforms in rats receiving milk and nonfermented milk produced from L. gasseri SBT0270 increased, while rats receiving nonfermented milk produced from L. gasseri SBT0274 had lower fecal coliform count than did the control group. Only NFM-A significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and bile acids. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly decreased when rats were given milk and nonfermented milks. Milk and NFM-A lowered serum triglycerides levels. Milk and nonfermented milks did not affect the total neutral steroids, but higher levels of acidic steroid were detected in the feces than the control group. The results showed that the hypocholesterolemic effect of L. gasseri SBT0270 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of acidic steroids in feces of hypercholesterolemic rats.     

降胆固醇乳酸菌的体外筛选及其降胆固醇机理探讨

目的：从开菲尔粒和陈年泡菜水中分离出具有降胆固醇能力的乳酸杆菌,探讨其降解小鼠血清胆固醇的机理。方法：以耐酸性、胆盐耐受性、疏水性、胆盐水解酶活性以及降胆固醇特性筛选出1株性状优良的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus?plantarum?DMDL?9010）。将50?只8?周龄的Sprague?Dawley大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性组、9010高组、9010低组,分别饲喂28?d和70?d采血,测定总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C）的含量,70 d取肝组织细胞实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测胆固醇合成限速酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reducase,HMGCR）的相对表达量。结果：筛选得到1株具有降胆固醇能力的L.?plantarum DMDL 9010,胆固醇去除率为37.58%,胆盐耐受性为35.48%,疏水性高达40%,具有较好的耐酸性。饲喂第28天,成功建出高脂模型大鼠,饲喂第70天,9010高组能显著降低高脂大鼠血清TC（23.03%）和LDL-C（28.00%）,9010低组和阳性组无明显差异。阳性组和9010高组分别下调肝脏中HMG-CoA基因mRNA的表达（79.92%和62.86%）（P＜0.05）。结论：实验获得了1?株在体内外均具有高效降胆固醇能力的L.?plantarum?DMDL?9010,可进一步开发为功能性微生态制剂。     

低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗蜡样芽孢杆菌活性的改善

为探究低聚半乳糖对植物乳杆菌发酵乳特性及抗菌活性的影响,本文采用单因素法考察影响发酵乳特性的主要因素,并以响应面法优化发酵乳最佳发酵条件;以产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌HN001为指示菌,探究低聚半乳糖的添加对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013发酵乳抑菌活性的改善作用。结果表明:植物乳杆菌能有效利用低聚半乳糖进行体外代谢,并抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌生长;牛奶中添加适量低聚半乳糖能够增加植物乳杆菌发酵乳中的活菌数、降低发酵乳的pH,并提高其持水力;响应面分析发现低聚半乳糖发酵乳的最佳制备条件为:2.0%的植物乳杆菌接种量、1.0%的低聚半乳糖添加量、发酵时间为24 h及发酵温度为42 ℃;添加低聚半乳糖的发酵乳能有效控制产肠毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌浓度在106 CFU/mL以下。该研究结果为低聚半乳糖及植物乳杆菌ZDY2013在发酵乳中的应用奠定了理论基础。