基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法

镜像铣加工装备及其加工工艺是蒙皮零件加工的有效手段,其特殊工艺对加工刀轨提出了等步距、无交叉、无抬刀且无残留等特殊要求。针对蒙皮零件加工特征的复杂形状,在满足等步距、无抬刀、无交叉的条件下对加工残留区域进行刀轨优化是一个难题。为解决以上难题,本文提出了一种基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法。该方法基于特征将蒙皮零件的工艺信息与几何信息相关联,自动提取加工特征的加工面及其对应的刀轨,将刀轨分割成若干段子刀轨,并构建子加工区域,再利用布尔并运算得到最终可加工区域。然后对加工面区域与最终可加工区域求布尔差识别出加工残留区域,并根据加工残区位置自适应生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的优化刀轨。以典型复杂蒙皮零件验证本文提出的方法,结果表明,基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法可自动识别加工残区,并生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的加工残区优化刀轨,为提高蒙皮零件数控编程效率提供技术支撑。     

蒙皮镜像铣削支撑技术的研究现状和发展趋势

镜像铣作为一种飞机蒙皮加工的新技术,是一种高效、绿色的加工方法,具有逐步取代化铣加工的趋势,是众多工业发达国家的研究热点。支撑技术是飞机蒙皮镜像铣削系统的关键技术,关系到蒙皮的尺寸精度和表面质量,直接影响蒙皮外表面的形貌。本文在阐述飞机蒙皮零件加工工艺特点的基础上,介绍了飞机蒙皮减薄技术的发展,总结了蒙皮镜像铣削加工方法的优势及国内外研究现状。在详细分析镜像铣支撑技术的研究现状的同时,指出了当前镜像铣支撑技术存在的问题与难点,预测了镜像铣支撑技术的发展趋势,为镜像铣支撑技术的深入研究提供参考和指导。     

航空薄壁件铣削加工中保持工艺系统高刚性方法

针对航空铝合金薄壁工件铣削加工时易出现的颤振以及切削效率低的问题,从动力学角度出发进行了深入的分析研究,提出了通过采用保持工艺系统高刚性的加工过程工艺优化与铣削加工动力学仿真结合的方法进行铣削加工.试验结果证明本法可以收到很好的效果,较好地解决了航空铝合金薄壁结构工件加工的颤振问题,提高了工件的加工表面质量和切削效率.     

材料切除对机匣铣削动力学与稳定性的影响

在薄壁零件加工过程中,工件材料的连续切除会造成工艺系统动力学特性的不断变化,并对工艺系统的颤振稳定性产生显著影响。以航空发动机机匣为对象,研究了其铣削过程中工件材料切除以及切削位置变化对工件动力学特性与颤振稳定性的影响规律。首先,根据机匣的几何结构与铣削工艺特点,提出了按切削行及切削段进行材料切除过程细分的方法。其次,建立了工艺系统动力学特性演化的快速计算方法和颤振稳定性极限的频域预测方法,并在单个切削行内和不同切削行间分析了材料切除过程对工艺系统的影响。结果显示,在单个切削行内工艺系统的动力学特性会小幅度减小,稳定性极限图会向左下方小幅度偏移;在不同切削行间工艺系统的动力学特性变化幅度较大,稳定性极限图呈现出交错排列现象,难以针对整个铣削过程进行切削参数优选,因此提出了基于单行刀位轨迹的切削参数优选方法,保证了整个材料切除过程的稳定切削。最后,进行了机匣铣削与模态试验,验证了所提方法的正确性与有效性。     

基于装夹工艺的薄壁蒙皮镜像铣质量提升研究

镜像铣工艺主要用于飞机蒙皮零件下陷区及轮廓、孔的铣切。目前国内镜像铣设备采取的装夹方式对于大尺寸弱刚性薄壁蒙皮的变形和振颤抑制能力有限,导致蒙皮的厚度加工质量不理想。文章立足于大尺寸薄壁蒙皮镜像铣加工试验,进行应力应变分析,提出辅助工艺措施并进行验证,对产品的质量提升效果较为明显,可以为同类型产品的镜像铣加工及试验提供部分参考。     

飞机蒙皮厚度精确加工的最新技术——以数铣替代化铣的绿色加工工艺

分析了飞机蒙皮零件加工传统工艺无法满足精确加工要求和绿色制造发展需要的客观现实.并就正在推广使用的蒙皮精确铣,以及飞机蒙皮厚度加工由化铣向数铣发展的新趋势,作了详细论述.同时,还对国际上最新推出的集蒙皮切边、开口、制孔和蒙皮厚度精确加工于一体的多功能蒙皮精确铣和镜像铣,作了系统介绍.     

轴向车铣薄壁回转体工件的动力学有限元分析

通过对轴向车铣薄壁回转体工件有限元模拟结果的分析,得出振幅随刀具转速的变化,验证了有限元方法进行薄壁回转体工件动力学分析的合理性.分析结果表明,车铣加工过程中应合理选择铣刀转速,使切削频率避开共振频率.     

基于快速扫描的飞机大型蒙皮自适应加工技术

飞机蒙皮零件具有外形复杂、尺寸大、刚性小、加工难度大等特点,近年来出现的蒙皮镜像铣技术可以实现蒙皮零件的高精度绿色加工。由于蒙皮毛坯存在成形误差,且其刚度小,装夹力和毛坯自身的重力也会引起变形,导致其实际型面与设计型面会存在一定的偏差。针对以上问题,提出了基于快速扫描的飞机大型蒙皮自适应加工技术,即通过在机激光扫描快速获取蒙皮实际型面,然后基于特征映射移植加工程序,快速生成适用于实际型面的加工程序的技术,并已将该技术成功运用于实际生产。所提出的自适应加工技术解决了蒙皮镜像铣技术的关键难题,能够高效生成加工程序并满足蒙皮零件的厚度精度和外形精度要求,有效提升了蒙皮的生产效率,为国产大飞机量产奠定了技术基础。     

MMS:新型绿色蒙皮加工系统

MMS蒙皮镜像铣切系统是DUFIEUX公司研制的最新型蒙皮加工系统,该系统是新一代绿色加工技术,可以代替手工修整和化铣工艺。本文介绍了MMS蒙皮镜像铣切系统的工作原理及应用状况,并将该系统与传统的蒙皮加工工艺进行对比,得出了该系统具有先进性、环保性及可推广性的结论。     

飞机蒙皮零件的柔性装夹及数控铣切技术

针对飞机蒙皮零件的柔性装夹及数控铣切技术,主要是一种蒙皮类零件数控加工轮廓的铣切方法研究。飞机蒙皮类零件数控加工铣切轮廓时的典型特点为零件薄、曲率大、易振颤。解决振颤的措施主要有防振颤装置和特殊的数控铣切方法。最后,对飞机蒙皮零件的镜像铣加工技术进行了简单介绍。     

Stability analysis of robotic longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling

Currently, industrial robots are considered as an alternative towards traditional machine tools. Especially for the large-scale parts milling, robotic flexibility and low cost make it possess the irreplaceability. However, the milling chatter caused by its weak rigidity hampers robotic application and promotion severely in aviation industry. Rotary ultrasonic milling (RUM) technology with one-dimensional axial vibration has been proven and approved on avoiding robotic chatter. Based on this, the research of project team demonstrates that longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling (CUM-LT) involving separation characteristic has a greater advantage than RUM in terms of chatter suppression. Thereby, the CUM-LT as a new means is applied to avoid processing vibration of robotic milling system. And its influence mechanism on stability improvement of weak stiffness processing system is clarified. Meanwhile, the approaches to strengthen separation effect are provided innovatively. Moreover, a new analysis method of robotic CUM-LT (RCUM-LT) stability is proposed on the basis of ultrasonic function angles. The simulation and experimental results indicate that compared with robotic RUM (RRUM), stability regions of separated RCUM-LT (SRCUM-LT) and unseparated RCUM-LT (URCUM-LT) are improved by 124.42% and 39.20%, respectively. The addition of torsional ultrasonic energy has a wonderful effect on the milling chatter suppression of low stiffness robots.     

立铣加工颤振稳定性时域求解与分析研究(英文)

In this paper, the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modeled to include the dynamic modulation caused by the tool vibration while the dynamic regenerative effects are taken into account. The numerical method is used to solve the differential equations goveming the dynamics of the milling system. Several chatter detection criteria are applied synthetically to the simulated signals and the stability diagram is obtained in time-domain. The simulation results in time-domain show a good agreement with the analytical prediction, which is validated by the cutting experiments. By simulating the chatter stability lobes in the time-domain and analyzing the influences of different spindle speeds on the vibration amplitudes of the tool under a Fixed chip-load condition, conclusions could be drawn as follows： In rough milling, higher machining efficiency can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed corresponding to the axial depth of cut in accordance with the simulated chatter stability lobes, and in Fmish milling, lower surface roughness can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed well beyond the resonant frequency of machining system.     

A novel stability prediction approach for thin-walled component milling considering material removing process

The milling stability of thin-walled components is an important issue in the aviation manufacturing industry,which greatly limits the removal rate of a workpiece.However,for a thin-walled workpiece,the dynamic characteristics vary at different positions.In addition,the removed part also has influence on determining the modal parameters of the workpiece.Thus,the milling stability is also time-variant.In this work,in order to investigate the time variation of a workpiece's dynamic characteristics,a new computational model is firstly derived by dividing the workpiece into a removed part and a remaining part with the Ritz method.Then,an updated frequency response function is obtained by Lagrange's equation and the corresponding modal parameters are extracted.Finally,multi-mode stability lobes are plotted by the different quadrature method and its accuracy is verified by experiments.The proposed method improves the computational efficiency to predict the time-varying characteristics of a thin-walled workpiece.     

In-process adaptive milling for large-scale assembly interfaces of a vertical tail driven by real-time vibration data

Assembly interfaces, the joint surfaces between the vertical tail and rear fuselage of a large aircraft, are thin-wall components. Their machining quality are seriously restricted by the machining vibration. To address this problem, an in-process adaptive milling method is proposed for the large-scale assembly interface driven by real-time machining vibration data. Within this context, the milling operation is first divided into several process steps, and the machining vibration data in each pro...     

基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成方法

框、梁、壁板、蒙皮等飞机关键零部件中包含大量型腔特征,其加工效率直接影响零件的整体加工效率。高速铣削机床的发展为此类零件的高效加工奠定了很好的硬件基础,也给型腔铣削刀具轨迹生成带来了新的问题。例如蒙皮镜像铣由于其特殊的设计,对刀具轨迹提出平滑无抬刀、步距变化严格控制在一定范围内等更严苛的要求,从而保证蒙皮高质量加工。结构件高速加工中为了保持刀具的高进给和高转速,也要求刀具轨迹平滑且步距平稳变化。然而现有的型腔铣削刀轨生成方法大多基于局部优化解决加工残余和刀轨不平滑问题,难以生成同时满足多工艺约束尤其是步距约束的刀具轨迹,无法完全发挥高速机床的性能。针对此问题,本文提出基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成及优化方法。该方法首先基于中轴变换提取型腔骨架线,并进一步修正从而生成刀轨偏置基准和初始刀轨。其次利用图像变形算法对初始刀轨进行迭代变形优化,使最终优化刀轨与目标型腔区域吻合,且满足高速加工的工艺约束条件。该方法在离散的图像域内从整体角度优化刀具轨迹,不仅保证轨迹平滑无抬刀,还能保证步距在容许范围内平稳变化。实验证明本文提出的方法在保证轨迹平滑和步距平稳变化等方面的有效性,能够满足高性能加工的要求。     

High precision and efficiency robotic milling of complex parts:Challenges,approaches and trends

Due to the advantages of large workspace, low cost and the integrated vision/force sensing, robotic milling has become an important way for machining of complex parts. In recent years,many scholars have studied the problems existing in the applications of robotic milling, and lots of results have been made in the dynamics, pose planning, deformation control etc., which provides theoretical guidance for high precision and high efficiency of robotic milling. From the perspective of complex parts r...     

Vibrations characterization in milling of low stiffness parts with a rubber-based vacuum fixture

Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine. These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations. Although these two features are deeply related, they are usually studied separately. On the one hand, diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries. Parallelly, the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects, especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field, such as the skin panels milling. The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer. This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds. Moreover, the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table. Therefore, in order to validate the suitability of this fixture, a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples. Finally, a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.