镍基碳纳米管复合镀层的制备及耐腐蚀性的研究

采用化学镀的方法在碳钢表面沉积Ni-P碳纳米管合金,并且通过全浸泡腐蚀试验及电化学试验对镍镀层样品及碳纳米管复合镀层的耐蚀性进行研究,分析其腐蚀机理。结果表明,碳纳米管提高了复合镀层耐蚀性。     

纳米SiO2粒子/镍基复合镀层腐蚀行为

将纳米SiO2粒子通过超声分散引入到化学镀Ni-P合金镀液中,在碳钢基体表面共沉积得到纳米SiO2粒子/镍基复合镀层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对Ni-P镀层和纳米SiO2粒子/镍基镀层的微观结构形貌进行了分析;采用失重法和电化学方法研究了纳米SiO2粒子/镍基复合镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,纳米SiO2粒子/镍基复合镀层仍是非晶态,纳米SiO2粒子的加入提高了镀层的致密性,提高了镀层的耐腐蚀性能。     

纳米TiN粒子在Ni-TiN复合镀层中的作用研究

通过对超声-电沉积Ni-TiN复合镀层的研究,探讨了纳米TiN粒子对Ni-TiN复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、硬度、耐磨性能以及耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,含有纳米TiN粒子的Ni-TiN复合镀层,不仅具有细密的显微结构,而且表现出优良的性能,如较高的硬度以及良好的耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能.Ni-TiN复合镀层的磨损量大约为纯镍镀层的1/5,其平均腐蚀速率为纯镍镀层的1/3左右,20钢的1/5.     

电沉积方式对 Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法分别采用普通电沉积、旋转阴极电沉积、超声电沉积和超声-旋转阴极电沉积四种方式制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层,分析镀层的ZrO2含量和微观形貌,研究镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果普通电沉积镀层的ZrO2含量高,但晶粒粗大,组织不够致密,腐蚀速率高,腐蚀后的微观表面存在很多大的腐蚀坑洞。旋转阴极和超声辅助电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量较低,但晶粒有所细化,耐腐蚀性能提高。超声-旋转阴极电沉积的镀层ZrO2含量最低,但晶粒细化程度最高,组织致密度也最好,腐蚀速率低,表面腐蚀特征不明显。结论超声场和旋转阴极都会影响镀层的组织结构和ZrO2含量,超声波和旋转阴极协同作用下的效果最为显著,制备的纳米复合镀层耐腐蚀性能最好。     

碳纳米管镍基复合镀层材料耐腐蚀性的初步研究

制备了碳纳米管镍复合镀层材料，并利用静态浸泡法对同等条件下制备的镍镀层样品的碳纳米管复合镀层样品的耐腐蚀性进行了研究，用扫描电镜观察了样品腐蚀前后的表面形貌变化，同时对碳纳米管复合镀层材料的腐蚀机理进行了探讨，结果表明，复合碳纳米管镍基镀层的耐腐蚀性明显优于同条件下制备的镍镀层。     

碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层的组织与性能研究

目的研究碳纳米管对Ni-P化学镀层组织与性能的影响。方法将碳纳米管(CNTs)加入到镀液中,采用化学镀的方法在45#钢表面制得碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪综合分析复合镀层的表面形貌和结构,并采用多功能材料表面性能测试仪对复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。利用动电位极化技术对Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层是非晶态结构,CNTs均匀地嵌埋在基质镀层中。在耐磨性试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的磨损率比Ni-P镀层降低了7.6×10~(-11) m~3/(N·m),而平均摩擦因数减小了0.074。在电化学腐蚀试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的腐蚀电位比Ni-P镀层正移了222 mV,而腐蚀电流密度降低了5.234×10~(-6) A/cm~2。结论碳纳米管填补了镍磷非晶胞间的间隙,改善了复合镀层的组织结构,使Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层具有更好的耐摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

Ni-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性及其电化学机理研究

通过测量动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱（EIS），并结合SEM进行Ni-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性及其电化学机理的研究。结果表明，三类镀层在两种体系中呈现了不同的腐蚀规律，在3．5％NaCI体系中，纯镍镀层的耐腐蚀能力强于复合镀层：而在强氧化性介质中腐蚀规律发生了很大的变化，复合镀层的耐蚀性又高于纯镍镀层。SiC粉体在镀层中引入的大量的错综复杂的网状结构，造成表界面的电荷转移电阻Rt和蚀孔电阻RL大幅增加，有效分散了腐蚀极化电流，阻碍了腐蚀的发生和发展。     

电沉积钴磷基碳纳米管复合镀层

对电弧放电法制备的碳纳米管进行混酸氧化后,在含有锡和钯的溶液中进行敏化、活化预处理,使碳纳米管的表面形成密集的活性中心;采用电沉积法制备碳纳米管钴磷基复合镀层。研究比较了电沉积钴磷层和钴磷基碳纳米管复合镀层的物理特性和电化学性质。结果表明,碳纳米管的加入明显提高了钴磷基复合镀层的结合力和耐腐蚀性能。     

CeO2改性渗铝层在H2S溶液中的耐腐蚀性能

采用在碳钢表面复合沉积Ni—CeO2扩散渗铝的方法，得到了CeO2改性的复合渗层，在H2S溶液腐蚀条件下对渗层进行了耐腐蚀性能试验研究，并利用SEM对渗铝层的显微组织进行了分析。结果表明，经CeO2改性渗铝的方法获得了富集CeO2的细晶层，同时，渗层的耐H2S腐蚀性能明显提高，腐蚀质量增量为纯铝渗层的40％。     

镀镍对镁合金AZ61耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、带有电子能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等,研究了化学镀镍镁合金AZ61在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,化学镀镍在镁合金基体表面沉积了一层致密、均匀的镍-磷合金镀层,依靠镍-磷合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能来保护镁合金基体。腐蚀形貌与腐蚀速率的测定结果具有一致性。经化学镀镍后,镁合金AZ61的耐腐蚀性能有明显提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.