Cu-11．5％Fe合金的导电性

研究了Cu-11．5％Fe合金经固溶和时效处理后导电性的变化规律。采用SEM和TEM观察了经不同规范热处理Cu-11.5％Fe合金的组织结构，利用XRD测定了铜基体的晶格常数，得出时效处理对合金电阻率的影响规律，并探讨了合金电阻率变化的内在原因。结果表明：影响合金导电性的主要因素是溶质散射电阻、析出应变场散射电阻；固溶处理的合金经过550℃、2h时效处理，可得到较低的电阻率。     

加工工艺对高性能铜合金组织和性能的影响

在真空感应炉熔炼得到Cu-0.2Cr-0.1Ag合金,研究了该合金在不同加工条件下的组织、强度和导电性变化.研究表明,通过固溶强化、时效强化和形变强化等手段的配合,可以获得高强度、高导电性的Cu-0.2Cr-0.1Ag合金.固溶、时效处理后的合金导电率达91%IACS,伸长率为37.4%.在固溶后加入冷变形,然后再时效,可以使强度提高84 MPa,而导电率不发生变化,再继续冷变形可以使强度提高到556 MPa.     

时效处理对Cu-13Fe合金力学性能和导电性的影响

为了获得具有低电阻率的Cu-13Fe合金以研制高强度和良好导电性的原位复合材料，本文研究了时效处理温度对Cu-13Fe合金力学性能和导电性的影响。结果指出，进行适当温度的时效处理该合金可获得较好的导电性。分析指出铁的溶解性和析出粒子大小严重影响着铜铁复合材料的性能。     

Cu-Cr-Fe合金的时效析出行为

采用真空熔炼方法制备了Cu-0.32Cr-1.82Fe、Cu-0.33Cr和Cu-1.87Fe合金,随后分别进行了固溶-时效和固溶-冷变形-时效处理.采用XRD物相分析、点阵参数测量、硬度和电导率测试等手段,研究了合金在不同热处理状态下的时效行为.结果表明,同时添加Cr、Fe元素能够显著提高合金硬度,但对导电性能影响不大.Cu-0.32Cr-1.82Fe合金经1 000℃×2 h固溶处理、80%变形,在480℃时效60 min后其硬度(HV)和电导率分别可达215和31.9 MS/m.     

Cu-Cr-La合金的热处理工艺研究

研究了固溶处理和时效处理工艺对Cu-0.3Cr-0.3La合金组织、硬度和电导率的影响.结果表明,Cu-0.3Cr-0.3La合金铸态组织粗大,950 ℃保温1 h固溶处理后,晶粒变得细小,富铬第二相明显减少,电导率和硬度较铸态都有所降低;经过950 ℃保温1 h固溶处理Cu-0.3Cr-0.3La合金,在400、450、500、550、600 ℃分别保温2 h时效处理后,硬度和电导率都有很大提高.在500 ℃保温2 h时效处理可获得良好的综合性能,其电导率和硬度分别可达96.3%IACS和99 HV.     

时效处理对Cu-49.29Cr合金热膨胀系数与电阻率的影响

对Cu-49.29Cr合金进行不同温度的时效处理,采用光学显微镜、透射电镜、电阻率测试仪和膨胀仪探讨了时效处理对Cu-49.29Cr合金热膨胀系数与电阻率的影响。结果表明,时效处理能降低合金的电阻率,经550℃保温2h时效处理后,合金的电阻率出现最小值,为4.958×10~(-8)Ω·m,较铸态合金减小了7.71×10~(-9)Ω·m,但对热膨胀系数影响不大。     

横向磁场下定向凝固Cu-6%Ag合金的组织、硬度和电阻率

研究了横向磁场对定向凝固Cu-6%Ag合金组织、硬度和电阻率的影响.结果表明,施加磁场增加了先共晶Cu枝晶的一次枝晶间距和体积分数,先共晶Cu中捕捉了更多的过饱和Ag,最终升高了合金的硬度和电阻率.从磁场抑制熔体对流作用的角度建立了一次枝晶间距与施加磁场强度、液相扩散系数等的关系,并结合溶质分配系数的影响解释了Ag过饱和度增加的原因.利用TEM和EDS分析结果,结合建立的合金电阻率模型,定量分析了合金电阻率的改变和固溶Ag原子对固溶体Cu-6%Ag合金导电性的主导作用.     

热处理对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织及性能的影响

采用MM6观察了Al-4.3Cu-1.6Mg合金的显微组织,并对其硬度、冲击韧度等性能进行了测试,研究了热处理工艺对合金性能的影响.结果表明:Al-4.3Cu-1.6Mg经515℃×6h固溶处理+190℃×12h时效处理,获得了良好的综合性能.     

高压时效处理对Cu-51.15W-0.24Cr合金组织和性能的影响

针对Cu-W合金的强度和导热导电性偏低问题，对Cu48.61W51.15Cr0.24合金进行了高压时效处理，并对比了高压时效处理和常压时效处理后合金的微观组织，硬度，热导率以及导电率。结果表明：高压时效处理能增大Cu48.61W51.15Cr0.24合金的致密度，使组织中析出的Cr相更加弥散细小，改善合金的硬度及导热导电性能。该合金经960 ℃/1 h固溶后，再在3 GPa压力下500 ℃时效1 h处理可获得较高的硬度、热扩散系数及较低的电阻率，其值分别为1540 MPa、0.5236 cm²·s^-1和4.458×10^-8 Ω·m，较相同工艺常压时效处理后的硬度和热扩散系数分别增加了17.56%和10.74%，而电阻率却降低了4.85%。因此，高压时效处理是提高Cu-51.15W-0.24Cr合金力学性能、降低电阻率的有效途径。     

热处理对铝铜镁合金组织与性能的影响

对Al-4.3Cu-0.8Mg合金进行不同的热处理,通过显微组织观察、力学性能检测及断口形貌分析,对Al-Cu-Mg合金硬度和冲击韧度进行了研究。结果表明:对合金进行固溶+时效处理,可明显细化合金组织,提高合金的硬度和韧性;Al-4.3Cu-0.8Mg合金经525℃固溶8 h+190℃时效10 h处理后,硬度可达最高;经505℃固溶6 h+180℃时效8 h处理后,冲击韧度最好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.