机器人灵活工作空间的边界分析

机器人灵活工作空间的分析是机器人运动学至今没有解决的一个问题.由于机器人在灵活工作空间中工作不会受到本身机构对它的限制.所以,机器人灵活工作空间的大小对于提高机器人的操作性能就显得格外重要.本文旨在解决机器人灵活工作空间边界的计算问题.首先.它分析了灵活工作空间边界的性质;其次,用一种新的方法——网络跟踪法确定了灵活工作空间在横截面内的边界;最后.提出了灵活工作空间端边界的求解方法.     

并联机器人工作空间的研究

本文对并联机器人的工作空间进行了研究.算法上采用输入转化的方法.使优化过程大为简化.在此基础上.对并联机器人工作空间的各截面进行了分析.并详细讨论了结构尺寸与工作空间的关系.得出扩大工作空间的几种途径.这对设计和应用并联机器人都有实际意义.     

机器人工作空间的数值计算

本文给出了计算任意结构形式任意自由度单链机器人工作空间的数值方法。这种方法把计算机器人工作空间的极限距离、边界曲线和边界曲面问题转化为求满足一定约束条件下的极值问题。通过选用不同的目标函数和约束条件就可以求出机器人工作空间边界曲面上的一系列特征点,把这些点连成线或面就构成了机器人的工作范围.根据上述讨论本文编制了计算机器人工作空间的程序软件 WZ,只要输入机器人的结构参数和各自由度的运动范围就可以求出机器人工作空间边界曲面上的若干点,并用绘图机绘出边界曲线。     

基于DELTA机器人的研究与设计

针对传统DELTA机器人工作空间较小的问题,本文设计出一种利用滚珠丝杠形成曲柄滑块机构代替机器人减速器的新型DELTA机器人,并通过搭建机器人模型、对机器人进行运动学分析以及工作空间比较分析,得出该机器人具有工作空间大的优点.     

EMR系统机器人运动学和工作空间的分析

本文研究了EMR系统机器人的运动学和工作空间。首先对机器人的工作空间进行了分析,并提出了求解机器人末端灵活性的方法;接着解决了机器人位姿正运动学描述和逆运动学求解的问题;最后针对欠自由度的机器人结构,提出采用一组变量来描述机器人的速度运动学,避免了采用伪逆求逆速度运动学。     

空间机器人运动学和动力学控制

本文介绍空间机器人运动学和动力学控制.空间机器人是由操作手和卫星本体组成,在微小重力场工作(漂浮在空中),其运动学和动力学控制要比地面机器人复杂且有其特点,本文则主要综述它与地面机器人的不同之处及其研究成果,指出了当前的研究方向.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的除冰机器人作业空间边界提取

设计了一种输电线路除冰机器人的机械结构, 分析了该机构的作业空间问题. 在计算过程中, 引入Monte Carlo方法得到了机器人操作臂的工作空间. 采用该方法可避免对机器人运动方程的求逆解计算, 极大地简化了计算过程. 分析并指出传统的机器人工作空间边界提取方法精度有限, 且存在理论上的缺陷; 提出了一种新的基于局部点象限分布的边界点提取方法, 文中给出的算例表明, 该方法不仅精度高, 并且非常适合于处理机器人工作空间边界问题.     

基于自学习中枢模式发生器的仿人机器人适应性行走控制

为了克服传统中枢模式发生器(Central pattern generator, CPG)关节空间控制方法的复杂性和局限性, 本文基于自学习中枢模式发生器模型, 提出了一套在线调制和融合多传感器信息的仿人机器人环境自适应行走控制方法.算法难点在于如何在机器人的工作空间将自学习CPG用于工作空间轨迹生成, 并使CPG参数直接和步态模式相关联.本文提出了利用自学习CPG来学习和实时生成机器人质心轨迹和脚掌轨迹的方法, 在线调节机器人步长、抬腿高度和步行速度等关键参数.参考生物反射行为, 利用传感反馈信息激发CPG以产生具有环境适应性的工作空间轨迹, 提升行走质量. 控制系统的参数通过优化算法来进一步改善行走性能.相比于传统的CPG关节空间法, 本文所采用的自学习CPG工作空间法不仅极大简化了CPG网络结构而且提高了仿人机器人行走的适应性.最后, 通过仿人机器人坡面适应性行走的仿真和实验, 验证了所提出控制策略的可行性和有效性.     

多关节机器人工作空间的分析与评价方法

本文运用 H-D 变换的基本原理,结合极坐标变换导出了产生n自由度多关节机器人工作空间的递推算法,当给定了机器人的结构尺寸,即可将机器人工作空间在一特定平面内的边界图形用计算机打出并计算出机器人工作空间容积。在本文的另一部分介绍了两种计算机器人工作空间的性能指标,最后用几个机器人的结构参数进行计算和讨论。     

基于工作空间的PUMA机器人臂长参数优化

本文以PUMA机器人为例,提出一种基于工作空间的机器人臂长优化方法.首先分析PUMA机器人的运动学,基于运动学通过数值法和图解法相结合的方法得到工作空间的包络曲线,然后采用解析法建立基于工作空间的臂长优化模型,最后采用遗传算法求解.结果表明:上述方法能够实现基于工作空间的机器人臂长参数优化,比试凑法和影响系数法得到更优...     

Maximal singularity-free orientation workspace over a position region of Gough–Stewart platform

Maximizing the singularity-free workspace of parallel manipulators is highly desirable in a context of robot design. So far, no work has been found to address the maximal singularity-free orientation workspace over a position region. In practice, this type of workspace is interesting because a mechanism often works in a range of positions. This work focuses on the Gough–Stewart platform. An optimal position at which the mechanism holds the maximal singularity-free orientation workspace is determined. This optimal position lies on the line which is perpendicular to the base and passes the centroid of the base. Considering the symmetry, a parallelepiped with centre at the determined optimal position could be an interesting working position region for the Gough–Stewart platform. Two algorithms are presented to compute the maximal singularity-free orientation workspace over such an interesting position region. An example is provided for demonstration.     

A unified algorithm to determine the reachable and dexterous workspace of parallel manipulators

This paper presents a novel idea for determining the reachable and dexterous workspace of parallel manipulators. Both the reachable workspace and dexterous workspace are utmost important for optimal design and performance comparison of manipulators, because each configuration or point in this region has specified kinematic dexterity by the designer. We propose a uniform algorithm, called stratified workspace boundary determining algorithm (SWBDA), which considers various physical and contrived constraints. The problems of determining the reachable and dexterous workspace boundaries are defined and the unified method is applied to solve all the problems of this kind. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are verified with two kinds of representative parallel manipulator, since their relational results were studied in literatures. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are summarized by comparing with other methods.     

Optimal design and workspace analysis of a mobile welding robot with a 3P3R serial manipulator

This paper presents the design optimization of a mobile welding robot based on the analysis of its workspace. A welding robot has been developed to be used inside the double-hull structure of ships, and it shows good welding functionality. But there is a need to optimize the kinematic variables ensuring that the required welding functions inside the ships are satisfied. The task-oriented workspace, which is the workspace enabling specific rotations, has been defined in order to validate the welding ability of the robot, and incorporating the required rotational capabilities. To calculate the workspace, a geometric approach is adopted which considers the pitching and yawing angles simultaneously. Based on the workspace analysis, a scenario is compiled for considering a mass reduction, and a ratio between the design parameters and the workspace, with constraints on the workspace margins. The proposed optimization procedure is composed of two steps of coarse and fine searching. In the coarse searching step, a feasible parameter region (FPR) is defined, which satisfies the geometrical design constraints, and can be obtained without any considerations of the objective functions. In the fine searching step, the design parameters are determined by using the optimization technique of the conjugate gradient method in the overall FPRs. The suggested approach to calculating the task-oriented workspace, and the procedure of optimal design, are expected to be applied to general industrial robots.     

Design of an anthropomorphic dual-arm robot with biologically inspired 8-DOF arms

From the perspective of kinematics, dual-arm manipulation in robots differs from single-arm manipulation in that it requires high dexterity in a specific region of the manipulator’s workspace. This feature has motivated research on the specialized design of manipulators for dual-arm robots. These recently introduced robots often utilize a shoulder structure with a tilted angle of some magnitude. The tilted shoulder yields better kinematic performance for dual-arm manipulation, such as a wider common workspace for each arm. However, this method tends to reduce total workspace volume, which results in lower kinematic performance for single-arm tasks in the outer region of the workspace. To overcome this trade-off, the authors of this study propose a design for a dual-arm robot with a biologically inspired four degree-of-freedom shoulder mechanism. This study analyzes the kinematic performance of the proposed design and compares it with that of a conventional dual-arm robot from the perspective of workspace and single-/dual-arm manipulability. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed structure can significantly enhance single- and dual-arm kinematic performance in comparison with conventional dual-arm structures. This superior kinematic performance was verified through experiments, which showed that the proposed method required shorter settling time and trajectory-following performance than the conventional dual-arm robot.     

嵌入式DRM接收机中数据业务的研究与应用

基于欧洲电信联盟(ETSI)公布的DAB多媒体对象传输协议(MOT protocol),提出了一种DRM广播数据业务的软件接收机方案,并详细叙述了数据业务的组成、传输模式和解码过程。该接收机的硬件工作平台以DM3730处理器为核心,搭载Windows Embedded CE6.0操作系统,实现DRM广播系统音频和数据业务的实时接收。经测试,该设计能够准确实时地获取DRM广播信号所提供的数据业务。     

A geometric approach to solving the stable workspace of quadruped bionic robot with hand–foot-integrated function

This paper discusses stable workspace of a hand–foot-integrated quadruped walking robot, which is an important issue for stable operation of the robot. This robot was provided with combined structure of parallel and serial mechanisms, whose stable workspace was the subspace of the workspace in which the system was considered stable. The reachable region was formed under structural conditions, while the stable space was formed by the overall conditions of stability which changed with the robot's pose and the mass of grabbed object. In this paper, based on the robot's main structure, the key issues in solving the robot's workspace are discussed in detail, including searching steady conditions of operation of the robot. To research the robot's workspace, working leg's motion curve needed to be solved by kinematics analysis. Due to the redundant drive, it was problematic to deal analytically with the kinematics of the quadruped walking robot. A geometric method of kinematic analysis was proposed as well. Based on the geometric method, the workspace of the robot under varying postures was analyzed by the method of grid partition and in combination with Matlab, VB and Solidworks software programs. An automated computational system of the stable workspace was developed and an example was given to illustrate the whole process in detail. The theory and analysis procedures were also verified by simulation of the robot and its actual grabbing of an object.     

三自由度手指机构分析及其优化设计

本文引进工作空间和可达空间来描述多关节柔性手指机构的工作范围.采用空间解析几何法,推导出空间3R手指机构工作空间的体积和奇异面的面积,提出手指机构工作姿态最佳的评价方法并推出其与工作空间体积最大的等价关系。分析手指机构各向同性点存在条件并作为优化设计的约束函数、以A3型手指机构的工作空间容积比最大、位置奇异而密度比最小和工作姿态最佳作为优化目标进行数值计算.     

Camera pan/tilt to eliminate the workspace-size/pixel-resolution tradeoff with camera–space manipulation

The successful implementation of close-tolerance, three-dimensional rigid body assembly has been robustly achieved using camera-space manipulation in a limited region of the manipulator's workspace. The extension of this capability to a broader region can in general be achieved by mounting the cameras on computer-controlled platforms or “pan/tilt” units. The use of this type of platform enables the encompassing of a large physical region within the fields of view of the cameras, while preserving an approximately constant image-plane resolution per unit physical space. The paper describes the derivations involved in the determination of view parameters when the information of the angles of pan/tilt rotation of the cameras is available. Such procedure enables adequate parameter observability with a greatly reduced sampling in terms of number and breadth. Practical considerations for the implementation of this capability for a high-precision, three-dimensional task across a large workspace region are also presented.     

Development of workspace conflict visualization system using 4D object of work schedule

Generally, workspace conflict analysis between construction activities by a 3D or 4D CAD system is performed for checking the conflict between element bodies. However, in case of many projects which consist of diverse activities in limited area, the workspace conflict analysis for reducing interferences caused by labor or equipment work is also an important management factor. In particular, if some activities are constructed adjacent to the overlap period, the workspace for those activities may be conflicting. Workspace conflicts decrease work productivity, and accidents can occur. Therefore, it is desirable that the workspace conflict should be minimized in order to perform efficient work. This paper presents a methodology that generates workspaces using a bounding box model and an algorithm in order to identify schedule and workspace conflict. Additionally, a workspace conflict verification system was developed to analyze the workspace information by integrating algorithms that include the automated generation of workspace models and an automatic check of workspace conflict within a 4D simulator. If a project manager can identify the workspace conflict using the system described, the overlapped activities can be rescheduled to minimize the conflict. A case study of a bridge project has been conducted to evaluate the practical applications and feasibility of the developed system. Therefore, the safety and constructability of a project can be improved by the workspace analysis system.