食品中主要霉菌毒素分析方法的研究进展

食品中霉菌毒素的检测面临基质复杂、污染浓度水平低的困扰,研发选择性高、富集能力强的样品前处理方法和高灵敏的分析方法对于提升食品中霉菌毒素的检测能力、保障食品安全具有重要意义。该文综述了近年来食品中霉菌毒素分析方法的研究进展,并对其发展方向作总结和展望。     

食品中霉菌毒素样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

霉菌毒素广泛存在于食物和动物饲料中,可经食物链传递危及动物与人体健康,带来严重的食品安全问题。食品基体复杂,霉菌毒素结构多样、含量极低,其分离分析需要高效的前处理技术及快速灵敏的分析方法。该文综述了基于分子印迹聚合物、量子点材料、石墨烯类碳材料、生物材料等新型分离介质的固相(微)萃取、液相(微)萃取、免疫亲和层析、磁分离等样品前处理技术及液相色谱-质谱、免疫分析法、生物传感器等分析方法在食品霉菌毒素分析中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。     

用高效液相色谱法（碘化衍生物）测定食品中黄曲霉毒素B1

黄曲霉毒素B_1(Aflatoxin B_1,简称AFB_1)是一种较强的致癌物,是进出口食品必检项目之一。食品中AFB_1的测定多采用薄层色谱、柱液相色谱等方法,但操作较繁,误差较大,灵敏度也不够理想。我们参考有关文献,在食品预处理后进行碘化衍生,采用高效液相色谱法测定了一系列进出口粮食、油类、啤酒和酱油中的AFB_1,效果良好。整个分析只需要十几分钟,简便、快速,灵敏度提高十倍,准确度好。     

生物介质萃取技术研究进展

生物介质萃取技术,即以生物(或仿生)材料如细胞、细菌和蛋白质等为萃取吸附固定相的样品制备技术。近年来该技术在多个领域得到了较为广泛的应用,例如利用生物材料对金属的吸附性质用于分析环境样品中微量金属元素;利用生物材料(免疫蛋白)的抗原–抗体结合性质用于食品和药品中毒素的检测等。主要针对近年来生物材料作为样品预处理介质用于微量重金属离子富集及霉菌毒素纯化富集两个方面的应用进行概述,为生物介质萃取技术的进一步推广应用提供参考。     

检测“食品毒素”办法多

食品可能会出现如下几种污染因素：农药、脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）、兽药、霉菌毒素、包装污染、食品添加剂、重金属等。农药是用在水果蔬菜上常见的有害物质,但有些农药属于无色无味,用肉眼和嗅觉无法觉察。目前,气相色谱、液相色谱、气-质联用仪和液-质联用仪被广泛用于蔬菜、水果农药残留的筛查中,以检查产品中是否含有禁用的农药。     

啤酒及其原辅料中AFB1的超高效液相色谱–串联质谱检测方法

公开(公告)号:CN106526056A公开(公告)日:2017.03.22申请(专利权)人:浙江国正检测技术有限公司摘要本发明提供了一种啤酒及其原辅料中AFB1的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,现有技术中测定食品中霉菌毒素的含量所采用的方法多为高效液相色谱法,其具有操     

16种检测干果中霉菌毒素方法公布

<正>据施普林格全文数据库信息,2014年1月,研究人员采用LC–MS/MS法以及改进的QuEChERS程序分析干果中多种霉菌毒素。核桃等干果是人们喜欢的零食,但是品质不好的干果中却可能存在大量致病菌。霉菌在自然界普遍存在,食物上偶尔也会附着霉菌。干果的霉菌检测值大量超标,主要是因为干果储存条件不当,导致附着的霉菌大量繁殖,而这样的干果已经不能够再食     

食品中黄曲霉毒素检测的样品前处理技术研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要存在于发霉的粮食、豆类、坚果及与其相关的食品中,有极强的毒性和致癌性,因此建立食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法对于保障食品安全,保护人们身体健康具有重要的意义。目前食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测以色谱和质谱等仪器分析方法为主。由于食物样品基质复杂,而黄曲霉毒素浓度很低,在仪器分析前需采取适当的样品前处理技术对目标物进行富集和纯化。本文对近年来食品中黄曲霉毒素检测的样品前处理方法进行了综述。     

纳米氧化锌及负载沸石的抗菌性能研究

霉变是引起饲料变质的主要因素.目前已知污染饲料的产毒霉菌约100多种,可产生200多种霉菌毒素,其中,黄曲霉菌产生的有毒代谢物黄曲霉毒素（AFT）已成为世界很多地区的主要问题.实践证明,最有效的办法之一是在饲料中添加防霉物质即防霉剂.丙酸盐对于霉菌、酵母菌及细菌具有广泛的抗菌作用,尤其是对黄曲霉等抑制作用比山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠盐都要强得多,生产成本又较低.因此,早在五、六十年代就已被大多数发达国家作为最重要、最广泛的食品防腐剂使用.但是丙酸受热损失大,不适合制粒,挥发快,防霉持续期比较短,易受钙盐中和而造成活力损失.丙酸腐蚀性强,有刺激性气味,也影响饲料适口性,而且饲料需要在一定的酸性条件下才能发挥防霉的功效[1].由此可见,丙酸类防霉剂有着很多的缺陷,亟待更替.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人工模拟猪消化液中3种霉菌毒素

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定人工模拟猪胃和小肠消化液中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)的快速、灵敏方法,并将此方法应用于霉菌毒素吸附剂吸附率体外法评价。通过模拟猪的消化道对饲料基质进行体外消化获得猪胃和小肠消化液,分别向其中按一定比例添加霉菌毒素吸附剂和3种霉菌毒素,孵育、离心后,经进样液10倍稀释后测定。采用反相C18色谱柱分离,以0.2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,多反应监测离子模式(MRM)检测,同位素内标法定量。在优化条件下,对AFB1,DON和ZEA在人工猪胃和小肠消化液中的定量限分别是1,50,40μg/L和0.3,50,20μg/L,相对偏差(RSD)<5.0%。并且,在39℃±0.5℃,10 h内测定结果稳定,能够满足霉菌毒素吸附剂吸附率的测定。采用本方法对市售8种蒙脱石类吸附剂和5种酵母细胞壁类吸附剂进行吸附率评价。     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法建立谷物中18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查数据库及确证方法

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)的18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查方法。真菌毒素标准物质用HSS T3色谱柱进行色谱分离后在UPLC-Q-TOF/MS MS^E模式下分别用正、负离子模式采集,获取MS和MS/MS的信息,记录对应保留时间、加合物离子、碎片离子精确质量数等信息,设置保留时间偏移为0.3 min,加合物离子和碎片离子的精确质量匹配容差为5×10^-6,在UNIFI中建立18种真菌毒素的数据库。在稻谷、小麦基质中,以筛查检出限(SDL)作为主要参数对筛查方法进行了验证。18种真菌毒素分为有最大限量和无最大限量两种类型,结果有最大限量的真菌毒素均能在其限量水平被准确筛查,无最大限量的真菌毒素其SDL的范围为2～800μg/kg。基质效应考察表明,稻谷中有14种真菌毒素有中等基质效应,小麦中有11种真菌毒素有中等基质效应。样品经乙腈提取后用QuEChERS萃取盐包和HLB净化柱净化,用建立的方法对25批稻谷、小麦进行筛查,结果2批稻谷中检出4种真菌毒素,2批小麦中检出2种真菌毒素。该方法能准确筛查SDL水...     

Screening methods for the detection of thirteen common mycotoxins

A study of screening methods for thirteen mycotoxins showed that they can be separated as neutral and acidic metabolites. RF values were determined in several solvent systems. The reactions of the mycotoxins with well known spray reagents were investigated, and their detection limits were established. A general procedure for the extraction of mycotoxins from contaminated samples is described.     

Evaluation of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction for multi-mycotoxin determination in different flours using LC-MS/MS

An existing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method for aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) extraction was extended by further 14 mycotoxins. After it careful optimization, this method was applied to determine the occurrence of these mycotoxins on commercial flour samples (with different cereals composition) collected from local markets. In a total of 49 samples investigated, 9 mycotoxins were identified. Nivalenol (NIV) and Beauvericin (BEA) were the mycotoxins found most frequently. The samples that presented major contamination were wheat flours and bakery preparations. Despite of the great number of positives finding, only one wheat flour sample exceeded the maximum limits (ML) for OTA established by the European Union (EU). However, it would be interesting to calculate the total ingest of these mycotoxins along the years.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速精准测定粮食中多种真菌毒素

采用直接提取稀释的快速前处理方法,结合稳定同位素稀释技术,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱,建立了粮食中16种真菌毒素的快速精准分析方法。样品采用乙腈-水-乙酸溶液(70∶29∶1,体积比)提取,以C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,通过全扫描模式进行定量检测,并采用稳定同位素稀释以减少基质效应对定量分析的影响。结果表明,16种真菌毒素在一定浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,4种常见粮食基质(小麦、玉米、大米、大麦)的限量浓度水平的加标回收率(n=6)为75.3%~123.5%,相对标准偏差为0.41%~14.7%。该方法简单、准确,适用于粮食中真菌毒素的检测,可满足日常监测工作的需要。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱法测定益母草中7种真菌毒素

建立液相色谱-质谱法测定益母草中黄曲霉毒素G2、G1、B2、B1、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、展青霉素7种真菌毒素的方法。样品经过70%甲醇溶液超声提取,用水稀释后用固相萃取柱富集净化,以C18色谱柱分离,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,7种真菌毒素得到快速分离。7种真菌毒素的质量浓度与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9972~0.9992之间,检出限为0.047~4.724μg/kg。平均加标回收率为72.8%~95.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%~5.7%(n=6)。该检测方法可同时高效准确检测益母草中7种真菌毒素的含量,可用于赭曲霉毒素A的定量风险评估,为益母草的安全评价提供了科学依据。     

Mycotoxins in spices and culinary herbs from Italy and Tunisia

Abstract

Spices and aromatic herbs can be contaminated with mycotoxins, since of their preharvest, postharvest, and storage conditions. In this study, 112 samples of different spices and aromatic herbs were evaluated for their mycotoxins content by HPLC-MS/MS in order to highlight their possible risk linked with human use. The results showed that mycotoxins were occasionally detected only in samples of coriander, laurel, mint, rosemary, and verbena. In both geographical origins a different contamination was detected. Among the investigated mycotoxins, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, T2 and HT2 were detected, whereas none of the samples contained AFB1 and FB1. The co-occurrence of two toxins were observed for some samples of rosemary and verbena. This study indicates that it is essential minimize the toxins in agriculture, industry, and food-product manufacturing for the consumer health protection.     

液相色谱-飞行时间质谱同时测定粮食中13种真菌毒素

建立了液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(LC-TOF MS)联用技术同时检测小麦和玉米中镰刀菌、曲霉菌和青霉菌产生的13种真菌毒素的分析方法。样品经乙腈-水-乙酸(84∶15∶1,体积比)混合溶剂提取,My-cosep 226多功能净化柱和强阴离子交换柱净化后,采用LC-TOF MS检测。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以保留时间和化合物精确分子离子质量对真菌毒素进行识别,以10 ppm为提取离子窗口进行定量。结果表明,13种真菌毒素在一定的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,质量精确度均小于5 ppm,回收率为70%～113%,相对标准偏差为0.2%～14.5%。该方法可用于粮食中多种真菌毒素的同时测定。     

Evaluation of mycotoxins and their metabolites in human breast milk using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

Humans can be exposed to mycotoxins through the food chain. Mycotoxins are mainly found as contaminants in food and could be subsequently excreted via biological fluids such as urine or human breast milk in native or metabolised form. Since breast milk is usually supposed as the only food for new-borns, the occurrence of mycotoxins in thirty-five human milk samples was evaluated by a newly developed method based on QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC–HRMS detection. The method described here allows the detection of target mycotoxins in order to determine the quality of this initial feeding. The method has been fully validated, with recoveries ranging from 64% to 93% and relative standard deviations (RSD, %) being lower than 20%. Using the method described, non-metabolised mycotoxins such as ZEA, NEO, NIV, ENA, ENA₁, ENB, ENB₁ and metabolites, such as ZEA metabolites, HT-2, DOM and T-2 triol were detected in human milk samples. Results obtained help to estimate the exposure of mothers and infants to mycotoxins. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work describing the simultaneous detection, quantification and screening of mycotoxins and their metabolites in human mature milk.     

加速溶剂萃取-QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定药食同源性食品中16种真菌毒素

建立了加速溶剂萃取-QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定药食同源性食品中16种真菌毒素的方法。样品经过加速溶剂萃取后用QuEChERS方法净化，液相色谱分离，在正、负离子同时扫描和多反应离子监测模式下检测，黄曲霉毒素B1和伏马毒素B1采用内标法定量，其余毒素采用基质外标法定量。在较宽的线性范围内，16种目标化合物的线性相关系数（r²）均大于0.99。该方法的检出限为0.008~0.3 μg/kg，定量限为0.03~1.0 μg/kg，在3个不同添加水平下的加标回收率为70.8%~118%，RSD为2.5%~10.2%。采用建立的方法分别对市面上销售的30个批次的山银花、葛根和沙棘产品进行检测，部分产品检出不同含量的真菌毒素。该方法快速、灵敏，适用于药食同源性食品中多种真菌毒素的同时检测。     

Thermospray high performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of some fusarium mycotoxins

Thermospray high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (TSP HPLC/MS) was used to analyze five Fusarium mycotoxins in porcine plasma and urine. Four cytotoxic trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxynivalenol (DON), T2 tetraol, and the fungal estrogen zearalenone (F-2 toxin) were analyzed. The thermospray mass spectrum contained molecular weight information with few, if any, fragment signals. Detection limits ranging from 1 to 10 ng of mycotoxin injected onto the HPLC column were obtained using selected ion monitoring (SIM) HPLC/MS. Neither the plasma nor the urine matrix interfered with TSP HPLC/MS analysis of these mycotoxins and no sample derivatization was necessary for the analysis. The TSP HPLC/MS technique appears to be ideal for very sensitive analysis of mycotoxins in biological samples.