可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价

提出了轨道交通规划与评价在实施可持续发展战略过程中需要研究的问题，研究重点是轨道交通规划与评价方法体系和环境对策，研究了轨道交通规划目标的变化、轨道交通规划优化决策理论与方法、轨道交通规划中的环境影响评价、城市轨道交通网络的合理规划、城际轨道交通——客运专线/高速铁路线路基本走向的规划、轨道交通规划可持续发展的评价指标体系概念框架、轨道交通系统可持续发展的能力建设问题等，并通过实例验证了所建立的理论方法体系和模型体系；不仅进行了有关理论和方法的探讨，而且以面向实际应用为目标，开发了相应的软件系统，为轨道交     

我国各省可持续发展状况研究——基于人文发展指数（HDI）的研究

人文发展指数（HDI）是目前在世界范围内应用最广泛、影响最大的衡量人类发展的工具。本文对HDI概念、计算方法等方面进行了介绍，同时从经济、教育和健康水平三个方面来综合测度我国31个省2007年经济社会可持续发展的实际状况，并分别对各省市人类发展水平总体及三个方面的差异进行了分析探讨和初步的国际比较．为客观评价我国各省可持续发展状况提供了一个新的视角。     

可持续旅游评价指标体系研究初探

改革开放以来我国经济高速发展并进入"新常态",与此同时,旅游业快速发展并成为国民经济战略性支柱产业。但是随之而来的是资源浪费、环境污染、人文缺失、生物多样性破坏等一系列问题。为推动旅游业可持续发展,多年来我国许多学者一直致力于旅游可持续发展的研究并取得一定的成果,但是由于经营者和消费者可持续发展意识淡薄导致可持续发展的理念在实践中执行力度不够,我国旅游业可持续发展问题依然严峻。此外,我国目前尚无统一、适用的可持续旅游评价标准体系。因此,可持续旅游评价缺乏统一的度量标准,本文通过分析国内外相关参考文献和现有标准,总结可持续旅游评价指标体系研究进展,以期为我国可持续旅游评价指标体系构建提供理论参考。     

企业科技状况评价概念述评

科技工作对企业的重要性推动了对企业科技状况评价研究的发展,对企业科技状况进行评价能够更好的制定企业科技发展战略,指引企业科技进步的方向。但目前对于企业科技状况评价的研究较多,仅概念就存在多种名称或提法,本文对科技能力评价、科技进步评价等多种类似的概念进行探析,找出最适合衡量企业的科技状况的概念。     

北川、彭州震灾集中安置农村移民的可持续发展能力比较研究

采用地方政府相关职能部门访谈、农民人户调研等方法进行了实地调研,对彭州、北川两市、县的集中安置的地震灾害农村移民的可持续发展能力进行了综合评价,运用个案研究法、因素分析法,对农村移民可持续发展的主要影响因素进行了对比,总结分析了灾区农村移民安置的经验和问题,提出了进一步完善灾害农村移民安置,提升农村移民可持续发展能力的意见和建议。     

绿色建材进展:从概念到实践

今天,对“绿色”的理解已从安全、健康、环保的概念发展为评价社会可持续发展的重要标识。我国绿色建材、绿色建筑的发展并不是从理念到实践的逐步有序推进,而是在学习发达国家的先进理念和经验的同时,以时不我待的迫切要求,以简单的拿来主义方式学习国际先进经验,在同一时期全面推进对绿色概念的探索和发展的实际操作。在一些国家主管部门进行各种绿色环境标志的评定授予的同时,另一些国家主管部门正在立项研究绿色环境材料的概念、评价理论和指标体系。社会上对于绿色环保建材的评价更是各行其是,概念混乱、不当甚至错误的做法屡见不鲜。…     

空港安检中的视觉搜索

空港X光行李检查是在复杂背景进行上的、事件率很低的多类目标视觉搜索任务.文章对视觉搜索领域的相关研究进行了综述,可供空港改进安检设备和培训安检人员参考.     

城市道路给排水工程常见问题及对策

随着经济水平的不断提高,我国城市化发展水平也在不断上升,城市道路给排水工程作为一个重要的基础工程,对城市的发展有着重要作用,不仅影响着城市功能的发挥,还对城市道路的好坏以及城市环保问题有着重要的影响。但随着城市的不断发展,城市道路给排水工程也面临着较为严重的问题,这对城市人居环境打造有着很大的影响,不利于城市的可持续发展。基于此,本文在阐述城市道路给排水工程概念的基础上,对城市道路给排水工程的常见问题进行了分析,并对相关对策进行了总结,以期为城市道路给排水建设提供一定借鉴。     

绿色物流发展的难点及出路研究

绿色物流是建立在维护生态环境和可持续发展的基础上的一种新模式,代表了未来物流发展的方向和趋势。文章就绿色物流的概念及内涵、主要特点、我国绿色物流发展现状以及其中存在的问题进行分析和总结,并为我国绿色物流的发展提供对策建议。     

如何维持我国生态林业可持续发展研究

发展生态林业对我国具有重要的意义,本文在基于对林业可持续发展概念的分析上,对如何维持我国生态林业的可持续发展提出了相应的策略,为更好的促进林业建设做出一定贡献。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.