分子结构对室温硫化硅橡胶泡沫材料影响的研究

采用不同苯基结构或含量的端羟基聚有机硅氧烷为生胶,制备了4种密度相近的室温硫化硅橡胶泡沫材料,就生胶分子结构对硅橡胶的硫化特性、泡沫材料的泡孔结构及压缩性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,端羟基聚有机硅氧烷分子中的苯基对室温硫化硅橡胶的硫化性能以及泡沫材料的泡孔结构和压缩性能有明显的影响,苯基的位阻效应会降低胶料的硫化速率,有利于获得泡孔细小均匀的泡沫材料,同时降低泡沫材料的应力松弛率。     

硅橡胶泡沫泡孔结构与压缩应力松弛性能的相关性

中国工程物理研究院的丁国芳等人研究了氧化锌晶须对硅橡胶泡沫泡孔疏密程度及其对材料力学性能的影响,研究了泡沫密度和混合泡孔结构对材料的压缩应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,随着氧化锌晶须用量的增加,泡孔疏密程度在增大,硅橡胶泡沫材料拉伸强度和扯断伸长率也在变大。硅橡胶泡沫密度在0．56—0．58g／cm^3范围内时压缩应力松弛性能最佳;在相对密度不变的情况,具有混合泡孔结构的硅橡胶泡沫材料的压缩应力松弛性能更好。     

硅橡胶泡沫泡孔结构与压缩应力松弛性能的相关性

中国工程物理研究院的丁国芳等人研究了氧化锌晶须对硅橡胶泡沫泡孔疏密程度及其对材料力学性能的影响,研究了泡沫密度和混合泡孔结构对材料的压缩应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,随着氧化锌晶须用量的增加,泡孔疏密程度在增大,硅橡胶泡沫材料拉伸强度和扯断伸长率也在变大。硅橡胶泡沫密度在0．56—0．58g／cm^3范围内时压缩应力松弛性能最佳;在相对密度不变的情况,具有混合泡孔结构的硅橡胶泡沫材料的压缩应力松弛性能更好。     

硅橡胶/氯化聚乙烯泡沫合金材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械共混法制备了硅橡胶/氯化聚乙烯泡沫合金材料,研究了硅橡胶/氯化聚乙烯共混胶相容性及热处理时间对泡沫合金材料密度、泡孔结构及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,硅橡胶/氯化聚乙烯共混胶具有较好的相容性;与实心共混胶相比,泡沫合金材料的阻尼性能显著提高,损耗因子从0.43提高到0.68,损耗因子大于0.3的有效阻尼温域从16℃拓宽到45℃,玻璃化转变温度向高温偏移了13℃左右;当受到热处理之后,泡沫合金材料的阻尼性能降低。     

空心玻璃微珠复合聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔结构与性能

研究了加入空心玻璃微珠后，硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔结构、压缩性能以及阻尼性能。结果表明，随着空心玻璃微珠用量的增加，硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔减小，压缩强度提高，而材料的阻尼因子无明显变化。     

硫化发泡体系对硅橡胶泡沫材料应力松弛性能的影响

考察了过氧化二异丙苯/N,N-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺(DCP/H)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化己烷/偶氮二甲酰胺(双二五/AC)和过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)/AK 3种硫化发泡体系及助交联剂TAIC对硅橡胶泡沫材料力学性能和压缩应力松弛性能以及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,DCP/H硫化发泡体系的力学性能和应力松弛性能优于双二五/AC和BPO/AK,添加适量助交联剂TAIC有助于进一步降低硅橡胶泡沫材料的应力松弛性能。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现,DCP/H硫化发泡体系对应的硅橡胶发泡材料泡孔较小且分布均匀,当加入适量的助交联剂TAIC后,硅橡胶泡沫材料的泡孔更加细小均匀。     

硫化剂配比对硅橡胶泡沫材料发泡效果的影响

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为生胶,白炭黑为填料制得混炼胶,以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为硫化剂,采用二次硫化工艺制备了硅橡胶泡沫材料。考察了硫化剂BPO与DCP的配比对硅橡胶泡沫材料性能及发泡效果的影响。结果表明,相比一次硫化工艺,二次硫化工艺能有效提高硅橡胶泡沫的力学性能并达到较好的发泡效果。当BPO与DCP的质量比为0.8∶4时,制得的硅橡胶泡沫材料泡孔相对较大,且泡孔分布较均匀、泡孔壁较薄、孔隙度高,发泡效果最佳。     

泡沫/实体交替层状硅橡胶材料的构筑与力学性能

使用羟基硅油作为结构控制剂调节硅橡胶的弹塑性,并采用超临界二氧化碳发泡构筑了泡沫/实体交替层状硅橡胶材料,对该材料的泡孔结构和层结构进行了表征,研究了泡沫/实体交替层状结构对硅橡胶泡沫力学性能的影响。结果表明,当硅橡胶中羟基硅油含量为1份(质量,下同)(实体层)、7份(泡沫层)时,制备出泡沫/实体交替层状硅橡胶材料,该材料较普通硅橡胶泡沫具有更小的泡孔尺寸(2.3μm),其泡沫层具有更高的泡孔密度(1.44×10~(10)个/cm~3)、更高的拉伸强度(5.09 MPa)和更好的抗压缩性能。     

硅橡胶／三元乙丙橡胶泡沫合金性能研究

研究了硅橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶（Q/EPDM）配方对泡沫合金的结构、密度、硬度、压缩、拉伸、应力松驰等力学性能的影响规律。研究表明：EPDM含量增加,泡沫合金的硬度、压缩强度、拉伸强度性能提高,而压缩永久变形、应力松驰性能下降。     

硅橡胶／三元乙丙橡胶泡沫合金

北京理工大学的赵祺等以乙烯基硅橡胶(Q)和三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基胶、2＃气相法白炭黑为补强填料、过氧化二异丙苯为硫化剂、AC为发泡剂制成了Q／EPDM泡沫合金。并发现乙烯基硅橡胶和三元乙丙橡胶的相容性较好,随EPDM含量增加,泡沫合金的硬度、压缩强度、拉伸强度提高,而压缩永久变形、应力松弛性能下降。     

聚乙烯醇共混及共混纤维的研究进展

综述了聚乙烯醇与天然和合成高分子材料共轭研究方面的进展,同时介绍了有关聚乙烯醇共混纤维的研究现状,并对今后的研究开发提出了一些建议。     

Effect of the type of nylon chain‐end on the compatibilization of PP/PP‐GMA/nylon 6 blends

Polyamide and polypropylene (PP) are two important classes of commercial polymers; however, their direct mixing leads to incompatible blends with poor properties. Polypropylene functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐GMA) was used as a compatibilizer in blends of PP and nylon 6, because of the possible reaction of ? NH₂ and ? COOH groups with the epoxide group of GMA. Two types of nylon 6 with different ratios between ? NH₂ and ? COOH groups were used. The one with higher concentration of ? COOH groups was less compatible with PP in a binary blend. When PP‐GMA was used as a compatibilizer, a better dispersion of nylon in the PP matrix was obtained together with better mechanical properties for both nylons used in this work. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Monte Carlo方法在聚合物共混体系界面性质计算机模拟中的应用

主要综述了Monte Carlo方法在均聚物共混界面性质、嵌段共聚物与其它聚合物共混界面性质、接枝共聚物与其它聚合物共混界面性质计算机模拟中的应用研究进展。增容剂与共混组分之间的相互作用在很大程度上影响着共混材料的相容性,合适的界面性质有助于共混材料应用性能,利用Mente Carlo方法对共混体系中的界面性质进行研究,可以大大简化研究过程,探寻最佳共混条件。     

Structure-property relationships of nanocomposite-like polymer blends with ultrahigh viscosity ratios

We have investigated the structure-property relationships and the effects of a viscosity ratio on the rheological properties of nanocomposite-like polymer blends using oscillatory and steady shear rheometry and optical microscopy. These immiscible blends are consisted of ultrahigh viscous polybutadiene (PB1), high viscous polybutadien (PB2), and low viscous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PB1/PDMS blends with an ultrahigh viscosity ratio (λ=162,000) exhibit non-Newtonian fluids behavior for Ω≥0.1 while the PDMS/PB2 blends (λ=37) exhibit pseudo-Newtonian fluids behavior for Ω>0.6, where Ω is the weight fraction of PB1 or PB2 in the blends. The viscoelastic properties of the PB1/PDMS blends increase systematically with an increasing the weight fraction of PB1, and then exhibit plateau values above a certain maximum weight fraction (Ω_m) of PB1. In addition the viscoelastic properties of the PB1/PDMS blends are not affected by the change of blend morphology or phase inversion, where Ω_m is larger than the phase inversion weight fraction (Ω_p). In contrast the viscoelastic properties of the PB2/PDMS blends follow a positive-deviation mixing rule and are significantly affected by phase inversion.     

Relation of chain constitution with phase structure in blends: compatibility of two phases in blends of polyamide with low‐density polyethylene and its ionomers

Pressed films of binary blends (polyamide with low‐density polyethylene or Surlyn) and ternary (polyamide with low‐density polyethylene and Surlyn or a graft‐copolymer of acrylic acid onto low‐density polyethylene) were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermally stimulated current, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The variation of the glass transition temperature for two phases in the blends was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermally stimulated current. X‐ray scattering from the relation of the phases was analyzed using Porod's law and led to values of the interface layer in the blends. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 488–494, 2000     

溴化丁基橡胶的研究进展

综述了溴化丁基橡胶的应用情况,着重介绍了溴化丁基橡胶与天然橡胶、乙丙橡胶、顺丁橡胶、丁基橡胶、尼龙-6、炭黑、白炭黑、粘土、羧甲基纤维素、竹粉等制备材料的性能。并对目前存在的问题进行分析,指出今后的研究方向。     

Inner surface modification of halloysite nanotubes and its influence on morphology and thermal properties of polystyrene/polyamide‐11 blends

The asymmetry of halloysite surface chemistry was used to perform a selective modification of its inner surface via grafting of a synthesized styrene/(methacryloyloxy)methyl phosphonic acid copolymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to evidence and quantify the grafting. Then, raw and hybrid nanoparticles were incorporated in polystyrene (PS)/polyamide‐11 (PA11) blends (80/20 and 60/40 wt%). Scanning electron micrographs showed differences in localization of the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), since raw halloysite is concentrated in the PA11 phase while modified halloysite is also located at the PS/PA11 interface, leading to a better interfacial adhesion between PS and PA11. An inhibiting effect of modified halloysite on PA11 coalescence was evidenced by measuring the particle size distribution of the extracted nodules. Moreover, the presence of modified halloysite at the interface shows an improvement in terms of thermal stability as observed by TGA, but with no significant effects on PA11 crystallization behaviour as shown by differential scanning calorimetry results. Rheological measurements were carried out to study the influence of the surface modification of halloysite on the blend morphology. A gel‐like behaviour was observed for the (60/40 wt%) HNTs reinforced composition that was enhanced in the case of 10% functionalized halloysite. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Impact strength and dynamic mechanical properties correlation in elastomer‐modified polypropylene

This article describes the impact and dynamic mechanical properties of rubber‐modified binary blends of polypropylene (PP). Two conventional elastomers [viz. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)] were used as an impact modifier for PP. It is clearly indicated by the results that EPDM is better than EVA as an impact modifier of PP. Analysis of data of dynamic mechanical properties and impact properties at various compositions of the blends revealed a direct correlation between impact properties and dynamic mechanical loss tangent. The energy dissipation due to viscoelastic relaxation is therefore suggested as a mechanism of impact toughening of PP, in addition to the other commonly known mechanisms of toughening (viz. shear yielding and crazing induced by deformation of rubber‐phase domains). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 962–971, 2000     

PVC／LDPE／EVA三元共混物发泡体系的研究

采用模压发泡工艺研究了PVC/LDPE/EVA共混物的发泡体系,主要讨论了工艺条件、组分及用量等对发泡体性能的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了泡孔结构的特点,制得泡沫微孔塑料的容重为0.2～0.24kg/m~3,性能良好,可用作鞋类和包装材料。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出机普通螺纹元件末端共混物的混合形态Ⅱ.混合形态的计算

用物料三维流动路径结合分散模型计算了螺纹元件出口处分散相液滴的直径。分析了螺杆转速、挤出机产量和液滴初始直径对末端分散相液滴直径的影响。结果表明。当液滴初始直径较大时,其集聚变化率随着初始直径的变化而变化较小;提高螺杆转速和降低挤出机产量可以提高螺纹元件的分散效果。当液滴初始直径较小时。其集聚变化率随着初始直径的变化而急剧变化;提高螺杆转速和降低挤出机产量有利于集聚的发生。分散效果较差。螺杆转速和挤出机产量的变化对末端分散相液滴直径的分布范围影响不大。