马齿苋的开发与利用

1 马齿苋的主要营养成份鲜全草含左旋去甲基肾上腺素、多巴明;茎叶部分含蛋白质、粗脂肪、糖类、钙、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素C等。此外,还含有ω-3脂肪酸,维生素E和β胡萝卜素,α-亚麻酸等。2 马齿苋的药用价值2.1 马齿苋茎叶、地上、地下部分都有药用价值。它富含的脂肪酸、维生素C、维生素E、亚麻酸等,使它具有治疗、调节、营养三大功能。这些功能作用人体机能多方面,便产生综合效应,祛病延年、去邪扶正。2.2 经多年医学研究证明,马齿苋性寒味酸,具有清热解毒,散血消肿之功能。对于治疗热痢脓血、热淋、血淋、带下、急性关节炎、痛肿恶疮、丹毒痹疠、毒蛇咬伤、蜂螫、水田皮炎等有显著效果。它的抑菌效果比同剂量氯霉素还强。近年来,民间常用于治疗痢疾和糖尿病。3 马齿苋的食用营养保健价值马齿苋的营养保健价值是独到的,也是     

浙江丽水不同产地马齿苋多糖含量测定与比较

收集了浙江丽水6个县（市、区）的马齿苋种源,在单因素考察的基础上,确定了马齿苋多糖的最佳回流提取工艺,然后采用硫酸-苯酚法在490 nm处测定不同地区马齿苋多糖的含量。结果表明：丽水6个县市区的马齿苋多糖含量差异性显著。     

马齿苋的开发利用

随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视饮食与健康的关系。野生植物马齿苋具有较高的营养价值，越来越受到人们的青睐。本文研究了马齿苋的利用价值、栽培技术和系列产品开发工艺，论述了马齿苋的良好开发前景。     

马齿苋的研究现状与综合开发利用

马齿苋是我国各地习见的野生植物,作为中药,马齿苋有清热解毒、凉血滑肠、健胃消积、消炎及利尿的功效.还具有较高的营养价值,被营养学家誉为21世纪最有发展前途的绿色食品之一.该文综述了马齿苋的形态学、资源分布和分类、生物学、化学成分、系列产品的开发.     

野生蔬菜马齿苋

野生蔬菜马齿苋钱振晗马齿苋（Ｐｏｒｔｕｌａｃａｏｌ－ｅｒａｃｅａＬ。）为马齿苋科植物，别名马齿菜，全国各地均有分布，常生于路旁、沟边、田间、园地等向阳处。马齿苋为一年生草本，茎匍匐生长，绿色或淡紫色，肥厚多汁，单叶互生或近对生，叶片闰质肥厚，长方形、...     

马齿苋栽培技术

马齿苋（PortulacaoleraceaL.），别名马齿菜、蚂蚱菜，为马齿苋科1年生草本植物。现代医学研究表明，马齿苋具有多种药用疗效，可治疗急性阑尾炎、钩虫病、百日咳、热淋、赤白带下等症，并对心脏病、糖尿病有一定疗效。同时马齿苋嫩茎叶又是人们喜食的野菜之一，它营养丰富、口感佳，可制成多种菜肴，味道鲜美可口。随着生活水平不断提高，食用药用兼备的马齿苋越来越受到人们的重视，市场开发前景日见广阔，实现人工栽培势在必行。1采集种子马齿苋种粒细小，呈黑色，千粒重约0.15g，黑龙江省中部6~8月份可进行采种，采种时应选择健壮植株…     

怡情宜景太阳花

太阳花又名半支莲、大花马齿苋、松叶牡丹,属马齿苋科马齿苋属一年生肉质草本花卉。原产南美巴西,我国各地均有栽培。     

马齿苋

马齿苋又叫长寿菜,是一种长在田间地头的常见野菜,一般茎为红褐色;叶片绿色、对生、肥厚,为长倒卵形,因为样子像马齿而得名。马齿苋分布于全世界温热带地区,在我国分布很广,名称也各不相同,如马齿菜、马蛇子菜、蚂蚱菜、马舌菜、马齿草、马齿龙、酸苋、地马菜、五行草等。马齿苋适应性非常强,既耐旱又耐涝,无论光照条件好坏,土壤肥沃、贫瘠,马齿苋都能生长。野     

马齿苋软罐头加工技术

马齿苋 (PortulacaoleraceaL .)为马齿苋科植物 ,别名马蛇菜、马齿菜、长命菜、五方草等 ,生于田野、荒芜地及路旁 ,我国大部地区都有分布。夏秋两季当茎叶茂盛时采收 ,割取全草。马齿苋全草含右旋去甲肾上腺素 ,多巴明焦性儿茶酚及少量的多巴 -T丙氨酸 ,维生素A样物质 ,维生素     

马齿苋保健饮料的研制

利用马齿苋浓缩汁为原料，添加栀子提取液，生产出马齿苋保健饮料，经分离、冷冻等工艺处理，克服了产品的混浊、沉淀等问题，产品清澈透明，色泽呈天然的淡黄色，酸甜适口，营养丰富并具保健功能。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Growth of Phlebiopsis gigantea in wood of seven conifer species

Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.     

Decomposition and nutrient loss from prunings of different contour hedgerow species in tea plantations in the sloping highlands of Sri Lanka

Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week⁻¹ for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week⁻¹ for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Seed Weight and Seed Type on Early Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris under Harsh and Optimal Conditions

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Growth of Mixed Birch-Coniferous Stands in Relation to Pure Coniferous Stands at Similar Sites in South-eastern Norway

Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated.     

Defoliation by the Needle-shortening Pine Gall Midge,Thecodiplosis brachyntera,on Pines in Central Sweden

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.