秋水仙素免疫佐剂作用的实验观察

本文观察了秋水仙素的免疫佐剂作用。以秋水仙素和福氏完全佐剂分别与人血清白蛋白混合后免疫小鼠，秋水仙素用量为３．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ小鼠体重。以间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测小鼠抗人白蛋白抗血清。秋水仙素组和福氏完全佐剂组小鼠均可产生抗体，两组间滴度无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），但秋水仙素组小鼠脾脏较福氏完全佐剂组小鼠脾脏重（Ｐ〈０．００５）。结果表明，秋水仙素可代替福氏完全佐剂用于可溶性抗原免疫动物，其机理可能与增加了     

胃癌患者脾细胞免疫功能的研究

目的 探讨胃癌患者脾脏的细胞免疫功能，方法 检测进展胃癌患者脾静脉血淋巴细胞（ＳＶＬ），和脾细胞（ＳＣ）的自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ），ＬＡＫ细胞的杀伤活性及Ｔ细胞亚群（ＴＣ）与胃良性病变的ＳＶＬ及外伤性脾破裂ＳＣ的对照比较。结果 胃癌患者脾脏ＮＫ，ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤活性显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０２，Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＤ４减少，ＣＤ８增加，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０２～０．０１）。结论 进展期胃癌患者脾     

静脉注射小剂量rhTNF－α对烫伤大鼠T淋巴细胞功能的影响

将ＳＤ大鼠９０只随机分为体内和体外实验组，体外实验组又分为假伤、烫伤和ｒｈＴＮＦ－α治疗组，观察重组人肿瘤坏死因子－α（ｒｈＴＮＦ－α）对烫伤大鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的影响。结果表明，小剂量静脉注射ｒｈＴＮＦ－α可以改善烫伤大鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的分布，并使Ｔｈ／Ｔｓ比值升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）、Ｗ３／２５（Ｔｈ）数量增加，ＯＸ－８（Ｔｓ）数量减少；体外实验表明，ｒｈＴＮＦ－α可以改善Ｔ淋巴细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的反应能力，增强烫伤大鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞分泌ＩＬ－２的能力，使伤后７２、１２０和１６８ｈ的ＩＬ－２分别较烫伤组增加１０８％、１４９％和１８３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｒｈＴＮＦ－α作用呈剂量依赖关系，小剂量（ｒｈＴＮＦ－α≤１０ｎｇ／２．５×１０６细胞）对Ｔ淋巴细胞体外增殖起促进作用，超过此剂量则呈抑制作用。结果提示ｒｈＴＮＦ－α的抗感染作用与其增强机体免疫功能有关，适当剂量的ｒｈＴＮＦ－α不但可以改善Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的分布，而且还可增强Ｔ淋巴细胞免疫活性。     

进展期胃癌患者脾脏的细胞免疫状态

本文检测了进展期胃癌患者（ｎ＝１６）脾静脉血淋巴细胞（ＳＶＬ）和脾细胞（ＳＣ）的自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）、淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ）的杀伤活性及Ｔ细胞（ＴＣ）亚群，与胃良性病变（ｎ＝７）的ＳＶＬ及外伤性脾破裂（ｎ＝６）的ＳＣ对照比较，探讨进展期胃癌（ＡＧＣ）患者脾脏的细胞免疫状态，为胃癌术中合理的处理脾脏提供免疫学依据。结果表明：ＡＧＣ患者脾脏的ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤活性显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＤ４显著减少，ＣＤ８显著增加，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０２～０．０１）。提示进展期胃癌患者脾脏的细胞免疫功能受到明显抑制。     

脾切除对网状内皮系统功能的影响

本研究通过对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脾切除后在伴或不伴脓毒症情况下，网状内皮系统（ＲＥＳ）清除Ｔｃ－９９ｍ亚锡植酸钠功能以及血浆纤维连接蛋白（ＰＦｎ）和透明质酸（ＨＡ）变化的观察；结果发现脾切除后，尤其合并感染时，不仅脾脏吞噬清除能力丧失，而且肝脏不能完全替代脾脏功能，出现肝脏Ｋｕｐｆ－ｆｅｒ细胞吞噬能力减弱，血中清除半衰期（Ｔ／２）延长，肝脏器官和每克组织ｃｐｍ值百分率减少；可能与ＰＦｎ相对降低、ＨＡ急剧增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）以及其它脾源性因子（如细胞因子、ＰＧＥ、Ｔｕｆｔｓｉｎ等）变化有关，首次提出ＨＡ增高参与了脾切除后ＲＥＳ、免疫功能受抑和脾切除后凶险感染（ＯＰＳＩ）的发生，值得深入研究。     

曲马多硬膜外腔或肌肉注射用于术后镇痛的观察与比较

本文通过４０例硬膜外腔麻醉行中、上腹部手术后硬膜外腔注入曲马多（ＥＴ）与肌肉注射曲马多（ＭＴ）１００ｍｇ的观察比较发现，ＥＴ组舒张压下降有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），两组的镇痛效果及副作用的出现相似（Ｐ＞０．０５），镇痛起效时间ＥＴ组快于ＭＴ组（Ｐ＜０．００１），镇痛维持时间ＥＴ组短于ＭＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），２４ｈ内重复注药次数的发生率ＥＴ组高于ＭＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且ＥＴ组多数病人有带管不适感。表明曲马多术后镇痛选用ＭＴ法更具优越性     

高能聚焦超声对小鼠移植性膀胱肿瘤的杀伤效应及免疫功能的影响

采用同系移植技术建立了小鼠皮下移植性膀胱肿瘤模型，利用自行研制的高能聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ）治疗仪对荷瘤鼠进行辐照研究，观察ＨＩＦＵ对移植性膀胱肿瘤的杀伤效应及对宿主免疫功能的影响。结果：平均生存期治疗组３７．２０±８．２２天，对照组１４．０７±２．４６天，抑瘤率８５％，ＨＩＦＵ可导致移植性肿瘤凝固坏死性损伤，１周时，损伤最为明显，且境界清楚，此时，宿主血粒细胞，脾脏ＮＫ细胞，Ｔ淋巴细胞功能等指标显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２周时，上述免疫指标虽低于１周组，但和对照组比较，仍明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＨＩＦＵ可导致移植性肿瘤坏死性损伤，增强宿主的细胞免疫功能     

肺癌冷冻术后早期机体免疫功能的变化

对冷冻手术治疗的１０例肺癌患者使用单抗致敏红细胞花环法及单向免疫琼脂扩散法分别检测手术前及手术后不同时期的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及血清免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）冷冻术后的ＯＫＴ＋３、ＯＫＴ＋４、ＯＫＴ＋４／ＯＫＴ＋８比值均较术前显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＯＫ＋８则显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）冷冻术后免疫球蛋白也显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：（１）冷冻术能恢复肺癌病人的免疫平衡。（２）冷冻术尚可激发人体的抗肿瘤免疫，即存在冷冻免疫效应。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化与经尿道前列腺电切对BPH的疗效比较

对２４０例有症状的前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者分别行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）和经尿道前列腺电切术（ＴＵＲＰ）。结果显示：１２０例ＴＶＰ手术者，前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）从术前的２０．９下降至术后３个月的５．１（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＵＲＰ组１２０例，ＩＰＳＳ从术前的２１．２下降至术后３个月的５．２（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．２ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．４ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１），两组比较无显著差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均留置导尿管时间：ＴＶＰ组２６．５小时，ＴＵＲＰ组５０．７小时，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后阳萎发生率：ＴＶＰ组２．４％，ＴＵＲＰ组１４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＶＰ组术中无大出血及经尿道前列腺电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ）发生，需输血者仅１例。ＴＵＲＰ组３例发生ＴＵＲＳ，输血１４例。比较结果：ＴＶＰ能达到与ＴＵＲＰ完全相同的治疗效果，且并发症少，价格相对较低，近期效果满意。     

IgA肾病伴弥漫性薄肾小球基底膜的临床和病理特点

通过测量肾小球基底膜厚度来了解ＩｇＡ肾病特点。对８３例原发性ＩｇＡ肾病依据肾小球基底膜（ＧＢＭ）厚度分为弥漫性薄ＧＢＭ组（ＴＧＢＭ组）和非ＴＧＢＭ组。ＴＧＢＭ与非ＴＧＢＭ组ＧＢＭ厚度分别为２３５±２９ｎｍ、３８４±３２ｎｍ，两组差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＧＢＭ组１２例患者血肌酐均正常（＜１３３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），两组差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＧＢＭ与非ＴＧＢＭ组尿蛋白≥３．０ｇ／２４小时者分别为８．４％（１／１２例）和３２．４％（２３／７１例），前者较后者发生率低，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．１）。ＴＧＢＭ与非ＴＧＢＭ组高血压发生率分别为８．４％（１／１２例）、２９．６％（１２／７１例），虽前者较后者有减少，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．１）。轻度系膜增生性肾炎在ＴＧＢＭ和非ＴＧＢＭ组分别占８３．３％（１０／１２例）和４９．３％（３５／７１例）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述结果显示原发性ＩｇＡ肾病伴弥漫性薄肾小球基底膜患者临床表现与病理改变较轻，属原发性ＩｇＡ肾病中较良性的一组病人。     

The study of BBN induced bladder cancer in mice. Influence of Freund complete adjuvant and associated immunological reactions in mice

To evaluate the genetic difference in induction of bladder cancer by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), BBN was given to two different strains of mice, i.e. A/J (BCG resistant) strains and C57BL/6 (BCG susceptible) strains. The influence of Freund complete adjuvant (FCA), which includes BCG, was similarly examined along with associated cellular immunity as evaluated by footpad reaction (FPR). The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of bladder cancer was significantly higher in C57BL/6 strains (90.0%) than A/J strains (54.5%). 2. FCA reduced the incidence of bladder cancer significantly in C57BL/6 strains. 3. FPR, which reflects the delayed type hypersensitivity, was activated significantly in FCA treated C57BL/6 strains. These data suggest that the strain differences in mice probably explains the inhibition of carcinogenesis by FCA and cellular immunity.     

Effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the immune response of vasectomized rats.

Rats were vasectomized, vasectomized and injected in the epididymis with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or only injected with FCA without vasectomy. All were positive for sperm agglutinins, in contrast to sham-operated or untreated controls. Generally, the highest titers were found in vasectomized or unoperated animals given FCA, indicating that local granuloma formation promotes the production of sperm autoantibody, even in nonvasectomized rats.     

免疫性慢性非细菌性前列腺炎大鼠模型的形态学与分子生物学特性

目的:应用大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液辅以双重免疫佐剂造成实验性慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CAP)大鼠模型并观察其形态学与分子生物学特性。方法:以大鼠为实验动物,0、30d腹腔注射百白破疫苗,并于皮内多点注射5、10、15mg/ml的大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液及福氏完全佐剂(FCA),第45d观察各组大鼠前列腺组织的大体、光镜、电镜病理形态学以及炎性基因表达产物的分子生物学等检测指标的改变,确定能够成功造成CAP大鼠模型的有效给药剂量。结果:造模各组中,高剂量模型组大鼠的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα),白介素1β(IL1β),IL2,诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)等炎性基因表达产物明显增高,光镜、电镜及原位杂交等检测结果表现出明显的慢性炎症病理变化,而另外两个剂量模型组的表现则不如高剂量模型组明显。结论:皮内注射浓度为15mg/ml的大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液与FCA乳剂(比例为1∶1)的混悬液1.0ml,辅以大鼠腹腔注射百白破疫苗0.5ml可造成免疫性CAP大鼠模型。     

Potassium-lowering effect of mineralocorticoid therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis

The present study was conducted to examine potassium lowering effect of exogenous mineralocorticoid (fludrocortisone acetate; FCA) administration to the patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Fifteen patients on hemodialysis receiving FCA with its dosage gradually increased from 0 to 0.20 mg/day were observed for five successive 4-week periods. The serum potassium concentration was significantly decreased after FCA administration concomitant with the decrease of the salivary sodium to potassium ratio. Such decrease in serum potassium concentration was more significant in patients with <150 pg/ml of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (low PAC group) than in those with >/=150 pg/ml of PAC (high PAC group). 0.05 mg of FCA was sufficient to lower serum potassium in low PAC group, while 0.15 mg of FCA was required for high PAC group. FCA administration did not affect serum sodium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations. Body weight and blood pressure were not increased during the experimental periods. There were no significant changes in plasma level of glucose, insulin, epinephrine and norepinephrine. These results suggested that FCA could be effective to treat hyperkalemia without any adverse effects in patients undergoing hemodialysis.     

C3d3与hCGβ基因融合质粒对不同品系小鼠DNA免疫增强抗hCGβ体液免疫效应

目的通过分子佐剂C3d3增强人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)β基因疫苗在不同品系小鼠的体液免疫效应。方法分别用pCMV4-hCG-βC3d3、pCMV4-hCGβ和pCMV4-hCGβ+pCMV4-C3d3联合免疫以辅助性T细胞(Th)2型优势的BALB/c小鼠和Th1型优势的C57BL/6小鼠,免疫剂量分别为5、10、50、100和500 pmol,同一剂量免疫两次、间隔3周。初次及加强免疫后每周采血,间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清抗hCGβ抗体水平。硫氰酸钠洗脱法ELISA分析抗hCGβ抗血清亲和力。结果两种品系小鼠pCMV4-hCG-βC3d3免疫产生抗hCGβ抗体的时间和效价均显著早(高)于pC-MV4-hCGβ和联合免疫组。在50 pmol免疫剂量时,C3d3在两种品系小鼠呈现出最强的佐剂活性,分别使hCGβ的免疫原性增强了400倍(BALB/c)和251倍(C57BL/6)。pCMV4-hCG-βC3d3组两个品系小鼠亲和力成熟较快。结论在Th2型及Th1型免疫优势的不同品系小鼠,分子佐剂C3d3均能增强hCGβ基因疫苗体液免疫效应。     

Experimental repair of segmental bone defects in rabbits by demineralized allograft covered by free autogenous periosteum

Using an experimental model of segmental bone defect in the ulna of rabbits we investigated the effect on bone healing of fresh cancellous autograft (FCA), demineralized deep-frozen allograft (DDA), and demineralized deep-frozen allograft covered with free autogenous periosteum (DDAwP). Radiologically, it was found that the results of the FCA and DDAwP groups were superior to those of the DDA group. This superiority was statistically significant after the 3rd to the 9th week for the FCA group, and the 6th to the 9th week for the DDAwP group. However, bone formation and union in the DDA group reached the same level of those in the other groups after 12 weeks. When the all histological findings were compared at the 12th week, the FCA and DDAwP groups were statistically superior to the DDA group in terms of proximal union. On distal union, the FCA group was statistically superior to the DDA group. Biomechanically, the FCA and DDAwP groups were statistically superior to the DDA group in terms of maximum torque and energy absorption. The DDAwP group was superior to the DDA group in term of stiffness. We conclude that ossification could be more easily achieved if demineralized deep-frozen allograft is covered with periosteum when faced with the need for quicker and better quality bone integration.     

Immunogenic potential of carpal implants

This study investigated whether a cellular or a humoral-mediated immunologic response to silicone carpal prostheses could be detected in animals previously sensitized to silicone. Silicone carpal prostheses were emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). This emulsion was injected into guinea pigs weekly for 6 weeks. Controls received only FCA. Four weeks later a carpal prosthesis was implanted. Histology showed the implanted prosthesis encapsulated by fibrous tissue in sensitized animals, with a mononuclear infiltrate within the fibrous periprosthetic capsule consistent with a cellular immune response. Skin testing of the sensitized animals showed a true correlate response to the silicone antigen challenge, whereas no response was observed in the control group. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in sensitized animals was positive, emphasizing that the antigen-antibody response was passively transferred. Tissue adjacent to the silicone implant in sensitized animals revealed an IgG deposition around the silicone particles by the fluorescent antibody technique. Control animals showed none of these reactions. These results indicate that microparticulate matter from carpal implants can possibly initiate both a cellular immunologic response and the production of a circulating antibody.     

Does Colchicine Really Induce Bone Formation in the Rodent Bone Marrow?

Intravenous injection of a single dose of colchicine into inbred strains of BALB/c and CFW/L1 mice and into WAG rats did not effect rapid intramedullar bone formation and resorption, as has been claimed by the research group from Tokyo Medical and Dental University [14–17]. The applied doses of colchicine arrested metaphase during the first 4 hours postadministration and were noxious for hemopoietic tissue (necrosis of bone marrow was evident in 2 and 4 day specimens), but on longitudinal, serial sections of long bones there was no evidence of stimulation of osteogenesis at any point in time (2–26-day specimens). It is postulated that the system of ectopic osteogenesis by colchicine injection is not reproducible in mice and WAG rats, and the apparently osteogenic effect of colchicine, observed by the Ogura group [14–17], was mistakenly described as congenital osteopetrosis. Received: 10 May 1996 / Accepted: 31 December 1996     

Macrophage interleukin 1 response to injected silicone in a rat model.

Observations of silicone granuloma formation and migration of silicone to regional lymph nodes have indicated a need for more research into the possible immunological responses to silicone. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of injected silicone particles on the ability of splenic macrophages to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) and to determine the relative quantities produced. Lewis rats were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 animals (n = 3) were injected subcutaneously with sterile saline (2.5 ml) and served as control animals; Group 2 animals (n = 3) also served as control subjects, but macrophages isolated from these animals were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Group 3 animals (n = 3) were injected subcutaneously with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) (2.5 ml) to serve as FCA control animals; and Group 4 animals (n = 3) received a subcutaneous injection of a sonicated slurry of equal parts FCA and silicone (2.5 ml each). IL-1 production was not significantly increased in splenic macrophages from animals exposed to the silicone slurry (p greater than 0.20) 8 months after injection as compared with control animals or animals given FCA alone. Macrophages exposed to LPS, a known mitogen, had significantly elevated IL-1 production. Subcutaneously injected silicone particles did not elicit an increase in IL-1 production in rat macrophages.     

Immunological sterilization of male dogs by BCG

The effect of a single intratesticular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and various components has been investigated in dogs. FCA caused severe granulomatous reaction with widespread degeneration and vacuolation of the tubules. IFA and Arlacel A induced oligo - but not azoospermia, which was of short duration (6 weeks). Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) suspended in saline given with uniform distribution at doses of 10 units or higher was effective in inducing aspermatogenesis. The sperm count declined to near zero level within 3 to 6 weeks after injection of BCG, and sperm suppression was maintained for 6 to 11 months of the observation period. At moderate doses of 10 to 25 units partial to complete inhibition of spermatogenesis was seen in different tubules with leukocyte infiltration in the interstitium. The basement membrane of the tubules, the peritubular cells as well as the Leydig cells were intact. At high doses (75–110 units) and at sites where bacillary deposits were high even in moderate dose animals, there was massive leukocyte infiltration with nonspecific damage to the tubules. The animals, on low or high dose, retained libido and copulated with bitches in oestrus. The mating was, however, infertile. The treatment, especially with low and moderate doses, was largely free of significant side effects. At higher doses, scrotal pain and swelling lasting for 7–15 days was observed; a small decrease in the size of the testes was also noted.