草酸铵对石灰体系中受抑黄铁矿和毒砂的选择性活化机理研究

在多金属硫化矿的浮选过程中,通常使用大量石灰将黄铁矿和毒砂抑制到尾矿中,而要实现受抑黄铁矿和毒砂的浮选分离,首先需要进行活化。硫酸是目前应用最广泛的选硫活化剂,但其存在诸多弊端,所以研究开发新型绿色环保选硫活化剂,实现受抑黄铁矿和毒砂的高效分离显得尤为必要。本文旨在开发利用草酸铵作为受抑黄铁矿和毒砂浮选分离的选择性活化剂。本文以受抑黄铁矿和毒砂纯矿物及广西华锡集团多金属硫化矿含硫含砷尾矿为研究对象,以草酸铵为活化剂,乙基黄药为捕收剂,较好实现了黄铁矿和毒砂的浮选分离。通过接触角试验研究了草酸铵对黄铁矿和毒砂表面疏水性的影响,受抑黄铁矿经草酸铵和乙基黄药处理后,其表面疏水性显著增加,接触角从66.62°增加到75.15°,然后增加到81.21°,而受抑毒砂经草酸铵和乙基黄药处理后其表面疏水性并无显著变化。紫外分光光度计检测结果表明,不同浓度的草酸铵处理后,乙基黄药在黄铁矿表面的吸附量显著增加。Zeta电位测量表明,经草酸铵活化后,黄铁矿表面的Zeta电位因添加乙基黄药而变的更负。X射线光电子能谱测试表明,经过草酸铵处理后,受抑黄铁矿表面的O 1s含量从44.03%下降到26.18%,S 2p含量从14.01%上升到27.26%,而受抑毒砂表面S 2p含量无显著变化,这证实了草酸铵对受抑黄铁矿的活化性能显著优于受抑毒砂。因此,草酸铵可作为石灰体系中受抑黄铁矿的选择性活化剂,实现黄铁矿和毒砂的高效浮选分离。     

六偏磷酸钠在铝土矿浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试、动电位测试,研究了六偏磷酸钠对一水硬铝石和高岭石2种矿物浮选行为的影响以及其作用机理.结果表明六偏磷酸钠对这2种矿物均有抑制作用,当捕收剂用量增大时,被六偏磷酸钠抑制的一水硬铝石的可浮性逐渐变好,而高岭石则变化不大．其主要原因在于六偏磷酸钠与捕收剂油酸钠在这2种矿物表面存在竞争吸附,而油酸钠在一水硬铝石表面的吸附能力强于在高岭石表面的吸附,使得在一定捕收剂用量下,六偏磷酸钠抑制高岭石的上浮而不抑制一水硬铝石,这为2种矿物的浮选分离提供了依据;此外,六偏磷酸钠对矿物表面的动电位影响较大,增大了矿物之间的静电排斥力,有利于矿泥的分散,增强了浮选分离的选择性．     

应用基团电负性理论分析丙三醇黄原酸钠抑制毒砂作用机理

通过Zeta的测定和基团电负性理论探讨丙三醇黄原酸钠抑制毒砂浮选的作用机理.研究结果表明:丙三醇黄原酸钠由于有亲固基团-OCSS(H)和多个亲水基团-OH,是一种阴离子有机抑制剂,亲固基团-OCSS(H)均易变成阴离子吸附于毒砂表面,亲水基团-OH与水作用形成氢键,能牢固吸附在硫化矿表面,形成一层亲水薄膜,有效阻止捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附;当Ph=3～12时,对毒砂有强烈抑制作用.毒砂的浮选回收率小于30%.     

十二胺体系中异极矿浮选行为的研究

以十二胺为捕收剂,通过单矿物浮选试验对异极矿的可浮性及正辛醇对异极矿可浮性的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明,当pH值在10~11范围内,适量的十二胺对未经活化的异极矿具较好的捕收性;正辛醇对异极矿不具有捕收性.正辛醇能够强化十二胺阳离子在异极矿表面的吸附,降低十二胺的浮选起始浓度;当正辛醇以25%的物质的量比取代十二胺组成胺醇复合捕收剂时,使用复合捕收剂可获得与使用十二胺相同的浮选效果.     

方铅矿与黄铁矿浮选分离的矿浆电化学研究Ⅲ．方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿的浮选分离

以丁基黄药为捕收剂的方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿体系，按照电位与可浮性的关系，两矿物在还原性矿浆电位浮选分离的电位差在热力学上仅为５０ｍＶ，而在动力学上达到了２０７ｍＶ。采用接触角测定、单矿物浮选、混合矿分离等方法，可以证实依据方铅矿表面丁基黄原酸铅和黄铁矿表面丁基双黄药的电化学还原动力学性质的差异，实现方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿的电化学浮选分离。     

组合抑制剂CCSL浮选分离PbS、ZnS与单斜Fe1-x S的研究

进行了组合抑制剂CCSL分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选研究.单矿物浮选实验结果表明,浮选过程添加该组合抑制剂时,磁黄铁矿基本不浮,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的可浮性很好.方铅矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该组合抑制剂时,方铅矿的浮选回收率可达90%以上,而磁黄铁矿基本不浮,从而很好地实现两种矿物的分离;闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该抑制剂时也能实现两种矿物的分离,但分离效果不及方铅矿与磁黄铁矿.X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Zeta电位测试表明,CCSL处理后的磁黄铁矿表面的醋酸根吸附不是单纯的物理吸附.紫外吸收光谱扫描结果表明,CCSL中的醋酸根并没有阻碍磁黄铁矿表面双黄药的生成,磁黄铁矿可浮性下降仅仅是由于醋酸根对其造成的亲水性大于双黄药造成的疏水性.CCSL中的醋酸根既与磁黄铁矿中的Fe3+发生亲合,又与水中的H+形成氢键,最终增强了磁黄铁矿的亲水性;而醋酸根对方铅矿和闪锌矿基本没有影响,这是组合抑制剂CCSL能够分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的原因.     

细粒滑石对孔雀石硫化浮选的影响

通过浮选试验发现细粒滑石的加入降低了孔雀石的硫化浮选可浮性,细粒滑石含量越多,对孔雀石的可浮性影响越大;通过Zeta电位测试、吸附量测试、SEM-EDS分析和EDLVO理论计算研究分析了细粒滑石影响孔雀石硫化浮选的原因.结果表明:适量的Na₂S在孔雀石矿物表面的吸附是其硫化-黄药浮选成功的关键,而细粒滑石会吸附罩盖在孔雀石矿物表面,且滑石矿物表面不会发生Na₂S的吸附,因此,细粒滑石减弱了孔雀石矿物表面的硫化效果,使其可浮性降低.     

黄铜矿和黄铁矿无捕收剂浮选和分离的研究

本文给出了有、无硫化钠存在时,黄铜矿和黄铁矿的无捕收剂浮选行为。研究表明,黄铜矿具有良好的自诱导可浮性,浮选的电位范围和pH范围较宽;弱酸性和碱性介质中,黄铁矿自诱导浮选差,没有任何可浮电位范围。然而,硫化钠的添加,明显促进了黄铁矿的无捕收剂浮选。天然矿石浮选试验表明,自诱导和硫诱导浮选技术能够有效地浮选和分离黄铜矿和黄铁矿。通过HS~-离子吸附量的测定、矿物表面中性硫量提取分析、矿浆电位测试和量子化学计算,较详细地研究了黄铜矿和黄铁矿无捕收剂浮选的机理。研究结果表明,矿物表面中性硫是主要疏水体。     

混合捕收剂的协同效应在黑钨、锡石细泥浮选中的应用

论述了胂酸－丁黄药，Ｆ２０３－ＴＢＰ，Ｆ２０３－水杨羟肟酸，铜铁灵－苯甲羟肟醚等几组混合捕收剂在浮选黑钨和锡石细泥中的协同效果；同时，用高效液相色谱法测定这些药剂在单独存在或共同存在或先后加药情况下，在黑钨和锡石表面的吸附量，研究协同效应的机埋，结果表明：协同效应的正、负与各个捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附能力、可溶性、浓度比及加药顺序等因素有关；当混合捕收剂分子间形成复合半胶团时，就发生协同效应。     

Ca2+对钛铁矿与钛辉石浮选行为的影响

以油酸钠为捕收剂,研究钛铁矿与钛辉石表面离子的溶出行为,并考察加入与脱除Ca2+对钛铁矿和钛辉石浮选行为的影响.研究结果表明:在浮选体系中加入Ca2+,对钛铁矿的浮选影响不大,但在碱性条件下活化了钛辉石的浮选;在浮选过程中,钛铁矿与钛辉石表面均有大量Ca2+溶解于矿浆中;脱除溶解离子后,钛铁矿的可浮性在弱酸性pH区间变化不大,在碱性pH区间明显变差,钛辉石在整个pH区间可浮性均变差;在脱除溶解离子后的矿浆体系中加入Ca2+,2种矿物在碱性矿浆环境下的可浮性都有所恢复;在碱性条件下,呈羧基络合物和氢氧化物沉淀形式存在的Ca2+吸附在钛辉石表面,使钛辉石表面油酸根离子的吸附活性质点增加,是Ca2+起活化作用的主要原因.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the