腹主动脉球囊预置术与髂内动脉球囊预置术在植入型凶险性前置胎盘治疗中的比较研究

目的:比较研究腹主动脉球囊预置术与髂内动脉球囊预置术在植入型凶险性前置胎盘治疗中的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年4月住院治疗的植入型凶险性前置胎盘患者64例,随机分为两组,择期剖宫产术前行腹主动脉球囊置管32例(腹主动脉组)和双侧髂内动脉球囊置管32例(髂内动脉组),观察比较两组孕妇术中、术后情况及新生儿出生和婴儿期生长发育情况。结果:两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后最高体温、输血率、子宫切除率、住院时间、球囊预置术后穿刺部位出血率、感觉障碍发生率、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿身高、出生体质量等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);而腹主动脉组球囊预置时间、透视时间、放射剂量均显著低于髂内动脉组(P0.05)。术后1年内随访,两组婴儿在42天、3个月、6个月、1年的体质量及身高情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹主动脉球囊预置术与髂内动脉球囊预置术在植入型凶险性前置胎盘的治疗中均能安全、有效减少术中出血。而腹主动脉球囊预置术X线暴露时间更短、预判效果无需造影剂,对母胎保护性更强,可在临床推广。     

上推膀胱直肠后再次宫颈环形电切术对保留生育功能的价值

目的:探讨上推膀胱直肠后再次宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)在宫颈疾病治疗中的可行性,评价其对年轻患者保留子宫及生育功能的价值。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年4月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院就诊,因宫颈LEEP术后切缘阳性或术后随访复发、无法在门诊行常规LEEP而行上推膀胱直肠后再次LEEP的38例患者的临床资料。结果:38例患者均顺利完成了上推膀胱直肠后再次LEEP,术中均未出现膀胱、直肠损伤等并发症。手术时间38±7分钟,术中出血量20±5 ml,住院天数2.7±0.6天;其中1例患者术前病理检查为宫颈高度鳞状上皮内瘤变,术后升级为原位鳞癌合并原位腺癌行全子宫切除术,37例患者(97.4%)成功保留子宫,随访至今1例术后12个月低度鳞状上皮内瘤变行宫颈激光治疗,余均未见宫颈病变复发。12例患者有生育意愿,7例患者已成功妊娠,6例已分娩。结论:上推膀胱直肠后再次LEEP安全可行,可实现未生育妇女及年轻妇女保留子宫及生育能力的意愿。     

Responsiveness of gynecologic tumors to chemotherapeutic agents in the 6-day subrenal capsule assay

Various gynecologic malignancies have been tested in the 6-day subrenal capsule assay, which is an in vivo test of human tumor responsiveness to drug therapy. Fresh surgical explants of ovarian, endometrial, and cervical tumors were implanted as 1-mm³ fragments under the renal capsule of normal mice and tested against a spectrum of clinically active agents. Regardless of the site of origin, human tumors showed variations in growth rate when implanted under the renal capsule that appeared to reflect both the growth potential characteristic of each tumor as well as the heterogeneity of the cell populations comprising each tumor. An average of 60% of tumors showed positive growth and 11% demonstrated no measurable change in size. The response rates of 18 ovarian, 28 endometrial, and 20 cervical carcinomas to clinically active chemotherapeutic agents were determined. A range of responses, in terms of drugs indicated to be active and of the degree of responsiveness to active agents, was obtained with each histologic type. Response rates varied from 6% to tamoxifen in cervical carcinomas to 80% to 5-fluorouracil in ovarian carcinomas. The results of this study support the variability in chemotherapy responsiveness observed clinically with gynecologic tumors and suggest the feasibility of using the subrenal capsule assay as a predictive test.     

Laparoscopic Morcellator-Related Complications

Morcellation at laparoscopy is a commonly used minimally invasive method to extract bulky tissue from the abdomen without extending abdominal incisions. Despite widespread use of morcellation, complications still remain underreported and poorly understood. We performed a systematic review of surgical centers in the United States to identify, collate and update the morcellator-related injuries and near misses associated with powered tissue removal. We searched articles on morcellator-related injuries published from 1993 through June 2013. In addition, all cases reported to MedSun and the FDA device database (MAUDE) were evaluated for inclusion. We used the search terms “morcellation,” “morcellator,” “parasitic,” and “retained” and model name keywords “Morcellex,” “MOREsolution,” “PlasmaSORD,” “Powerplus,” “Rotocut,” “SAWALHE,” “Steiner,” and “X-Tract.” During the past 15 years, 55 complications were identified. Injuries involved the small and large bowels (n = 31), vascular system (n = 27), kidney (n = 3), ureter (n = 3), bladder (n = 1), and diaphragm (n = 1). Of these injuries, 11 involved more than 1 organ. Complications were identified intraoperatively in most patients (n = 37 [66%]); however, the remainder were not identified until up to 10 days postoperatively. Surgeon inexperience was a contributing factor in most cases in which a cause was ascribed. Six deaths were attributed to morcellator-related complications. Nearly all major complications were identified from the FDA device database and not from the published literature. The laparoscopic morcellator has substantially expanded our ability to complete procedures using minimally invasive techniques. Associated with this opportunity have been increasing reports of major and minor intraoperative complications. These complications are largely unreported, likely because of publication bias associated with catastrophic events. Surgeon experience likely confers some protection against these injuries. Understanding and implementing safe practices associated with the use of the laparoscopic morcellator will reduce these iatrogenic injuries.     

宫腔镜下清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠前不同预处理方式的疗效分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜下清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)前不同预处理方式的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年10月至2015年10月本院住院中B超检查提示妊娠囊下缘距子宫切口小于1.0 cm行宫腔镜下清宫术并确诊为CSP的患者170例作为研究对象。其中直接行宫腔镜下清宫术的患者23例(A组);行米非司酮+米索前列醇药物治疗后在宫腔镜下行清宫术的患者29例(B组);行米非司酮+甲氨蝶呤+米索前列醇杀胚治疗后在宫腔镜下行清宫术的患者40例(C组);行子宫动脉灌注+介入栓塞术后在宫腔镜下行清宫术的患者78例(D组),比较4组患者治疗效果。结果:①所有患者手术顺利,无一例发生术中大出血和组织残留,4组患者治疗后血β-HCG较治疗前明显下降,术后血β-HCG、术中出血量、手术时间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②A组和D组住院时间较短,B组和C组较长,A组与D组住院时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但其余两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。③A组住院费用最少,D组最多,B组住院费用与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但其余两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。④术后不良反应情况:A组术后无一例发生不良反应,B组术后有2例肝功能受损,3例恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应,C组术后有3例肝功能受损,26例发生胃肠道反应;D组1例发生肝功能受损,16例发热,57例疼痛,对症治疗后好转。结论:CSP的治疗应根据患者病情、经济条件、个人意愿和医院的技术设备条件选择合适的治疗方案。     

Fístula cutáneo-uterina poscesárea

A fistula is an abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces. Although fistulas that wrap around the uterus are not infrequent, uterocutaneous fistula is rare. The treatment of choice is abdominal hysterectomy with excision of the fistula up to the skin. We report two cases of uterocutaneous fistula requiring surgical treatment.     

The gynecologist and the melanoma: breast and endometrial metastases

Melanoma has an important metastatic potential and its incidence is greatly increasing. Even after many years of negative follow-up, gynecologists should be aware that a gynecological tumor might be a secondary location for a woman with a medical history of melanoma. Because of a poor prognosis and a reduced life expectancy, it is necessary to make a disease staging in order to offer a prompt diagnosis and a personalized strategy of treatment. Considering the increasing incidence of melanoma, gynecologists will face more frequently with this situation.     

Anticoagulación en gestantes portadoras de prótesis mecánicas

Objective

To study distinct anticoagulation regimens in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves.

Subjects and methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the required levels of anticoagulation prophylaxis, timing of the introduction of oral anticoagulation and its substitution by heparins, and the maternal and fetal risks associated with different anticoagulation regimens.

Results

A target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5-3.5 should be achieved. Although consensus on the heparin of choice is lacking, heparin dose requirements should be based on anti-factor Xa levels (around 1.0 U/mL) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (2-3 times control value). The risk of thrombosis in heparin-treated patients is approximately 7%, while the incidence of heparin embryopathy ranges from 1.6-7.4%. The switch from oral anticoagulation to heparin should be made no later than at weeks 35-36 of pregnancy.

Conclusions

The nticoagulation therapy of choice in the first trimester of pregnancy cannot currently be established. Prospective and randomized studies are required to determine the advisability of one treatment over the other