联苯-4-甲酸合成工艺研究

以联苯和乙酰氯为原料,通过傅克酰基化反应合成4-联苯乙酮,在醋酸体系中,4-联苯乙酮经Co-Mn-Br常压催化氧化,得目标产物联苯-4-甲酸。详细考察了催化剂用量、物料配比、氧气流速和反应温度对氧化反应的影响,确定较佳的工艺条件:n(Co)∶n(Mn)=1∶1,n(Co+Mn)∶n(Br)=1∶1,催化剂的用量为1.5%(原料的重量比),氧气流速为150 m L/min,反应温度80℃。在此条件下,联苯-4-甲酸产品收率为92.9%(以原料联苯计),纯度为99.5%(HPLC面积归一化法)。产物结构经过熔点、1H-NMR和MS表征。     

1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇的合成工艺研究

采用乙酰氯为酰化剂、三氯化铝催化甲苯的傅-克酰基化反应制备4-甲基苯乙酮,然后采用固定床将其在CuO-NiO-MnO2/SiO2铜基催化剂上连续催化加氢制备1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇。研究结果表明,以二氯甲烷作溶剂,n(AlCl3)∶n(甲苯)∶n(乙酰氯)=1.1∶1∶1.1时,反应时间1h,反应温度0℃,甲苯的转化率达100%,4-甲基苯乙酮的收率为99.5%,纯度可达99.2%。然后在铜基催化剂CuO-NiO-MnO2/SiO2的催化下,氢气压力2.0MPa,反应温度100℃,n(H2)∶n(4-甲基苯乙酮)=30∶1,液空速为0.30h-1的条件下,4-甲基苯乙酮加氢制备1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇,4-甲基苯乙酮的转化率为100%,1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇的收率为97.6%。     

2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶重氮化合成2-氯-5-甲基吡啶的方法研究

以2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶为原料,经重氮化、氯代热解反应制得了2-氯-5-甲基吡啶,研究了浓盐酸用量、亚硝酸钠用量、氯代温度、氯代时间、不同氯代剂对2-氯-5-甲基吡啶收率的影响。优化工艺条件为:氯化亚铜为催化剂,n(2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶)∶n(盐酸)=1∶3、n(2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶)∶n(亚硝酸钠)=1∶1.1、重氮化温度为0～5℃,氯代温度45℃、氯代时间8 h、稀盐酸为氯代剂,优化条件下产品的收率为74.76%。     

2-溴-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯的合成工艺研究

以2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯(NSIZ)为原料、采用溴化铜为催化剂及溴代剂通过重氮化法合成了2-溴-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯(BSJZ)。确定了反应的优化条件为:反应温度0~5℃,反应时间40 min,物料比n(NSJZ)∶n(H3PO4)∶n(HNO3)∶n(Na NO2)∶n(Cu Br2)=1.0∶8.0∶8.0∶1.3∶2.5。优化条件下产品纯度为99.5%,收率达84.7%。     

2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶的合成研究

以2,3-二甲基吡啶为原料,经过氧化、硝化、取代、酰化以及氯化反应,合成目标产物2-氯甲基-3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶,5步总收率为35.6%。对中间体2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶-N-氧化物的合成条件进行了优化选择,其较佳的合成条件:甲基异丁基甲酮作为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,n(三氟乙醇)∶n(K2CO3)∶n(2,3-二甲基-4-硝基吡啶-N-氧化物)=4.5∶1.2∶1,反应时间12 h,反应温度95℃,所得中间体收率91.9%,所得中间体结构经1HNMR表征,确定为2,3-二甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-吡啶-N-氧化物。     

2-羟基-4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)氧苯乙酮的合成研究

以2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和异戊烯基溴为原料,合成了药物中间体2-羟基-4-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)氧苯乙酮。通过TLC得到优化反应条件如下:以丙酮为溶剂、反应温度为65℃、n(2,4-二羟基苯乙酮)∶n(K2CO3)=1∶1.8、n(2,4-二羟基苯乙酮)∶n(异戊烯基溴)=1∶1.8,此时反应时间最短,目标产物收率达73%。     

3-甲基戊酸糠醇酯的合成研究

以3-甲基戊酸为原料,经酰氯化、酯化反应,合成了香料目标化合物。考察了催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度等对目标化合物收率的影响,结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:n(3-甲基戊酰氯)∶n(吡啶)=1∶2,n(糠醇)∶n(3-甲基戊酰氯)=1∶1. 2,反应时间4 h,反应温度50℃,收率达87. 8%。利用IR、1HNMR、13CNMR对目标化合物结构进行确证。     

杀线虫剂Tioxazafen关键中间体2-噻吩甲酸的制备研究

2-噻吩甲酸(T2)是杀线虫剂Tioxazafen的关键中间体。以噻吩和乙酰氯为原料制备2-噻吩乙酮(T1),随后用次氯酸钠氧化得到产品2-噻吩甲酸(T2)。T1的优化制备条件为:n(噻吩)∶n(乙酰氯)∶n(三氯化铝)=1.00∶1.15∶1.15,反应温度为25℃,噻吩滴加到乙酰氯和三氯化铝的二氯乙烷溶液中;T2的优化制备条件为:n(T1)∶n(次氯酸钠)=1.00∶3.15,氧化温度为30℃。2步反应总收率87.84%,纯度98.23%(HPLC)。     

噁唑[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)酮的合成

以2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶为原料,固体光气为环化剂合成了甲基吡啶磷杀虫剂重要中间体噁唑[4,5-b]吡啶-2(3H)酮。考察了溶剂种类、溶剂用量、物料配比对反应的影响。优化的工艺条件为:33 g2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶,以70 mL吡啶为溶剂,n(光气)∶n(2-氨基-3-羟基吡啶)=1.1∶1,反应温度为60⁷0℃。优化条件下产品收率达84.31%。     

甲苯-4-磺酸催化高效合成尼泊金正丁酯防腐剂

以对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇为主要原料,甲苯-4-磺酸为催化剂,正丁醇为带水剂,催化合成尼泊金正丁酯。考察了原料对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件:以0.02 mol对羟基苯甲酸计,n(正丁醇)∶n(对羟基苯甲酸)=4∶1,m(甲苯-4-磺酸)∶m(对羟基苯甲酸)=0.12∶1,反应温度140℃,反应时间3 h。该条件下,重复实验3次,尼泊金正丁酯收率均达99%以上。     

OPTIMIZATION OF LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF N-trans-FERULOYLTYRAMINE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

Enzymatic synthesis of N-trans-feruloyltyramine amide was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and tyramine hydrochloride in a one-step lipase catalyzed reaction using Lipozyme TL IM. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on five-level, four-variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interaction of synthesis, reaction time (24–96 h), temperature (30°–50°C), amount of enzyme (50–500 mg, 12.5–125.0 IUN), and substrate molar ratio (cinnamic acid:tyramine HCl) 1:1–8:1 mmol on the percentage yield of N-trans-feruloyltyramine amide. The optimum conditions derived via RSM were: reaction time 52 h, temperature 43°C, amount of enzyme 260 mg (65.0 IUN), and substrate molar ratio (cinnamic acid:tyramine HCl) 6.2:1. The actual experimental yield was 96.3% under optimum conditions, which compared well to the maximum predicted value of 97.2%.     

Modeling and optimization of lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of dilauryl adipate ester by response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: Adipate esters are used as low‐temperature and low‐viscosity plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers. In this work, optimization of lipase‐catalyzed production of dilauryl adipate was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a four‐factor‐five‐level central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was used as catalyst in this reaction. Various reaction parameters affecting the synthesis of adipate ester, including alcohol/acid molar ratio, amount of enzyme, temperature and reaction time, were investigated. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the amount of enzyme was less significant than the other three factors. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic reaction were obtained at 5.7:1 substrate molar ratio using 0.18 g of enzyme at 53.1 °C for 282.2 min. Under these conditions the esterification percentage was 96.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that response surface methodology can be applied effectively to optimize the lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of adipate ester. The optimum conditions can obtained be used to scale up the process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

N-(3-氯苯基)金刚烷甲酰胺的合成

以金刚烷和无水甲酸为原料,在浓硫酸催化下合成1-金刚烷甲酸,再经酰化反应生成目标产物,总收率约为85.3%。第2步最佳的工艺条件为:反应温度130℃,反应时间4 h,1-金刚烷甲酸、间氯苯胺和亚磷酸三苯酯的投料物质的量比为1∶1∶0.6,溶剂用量50 mL。所得化合物结构经1H NMR和IR进行表征。     

6,11-二氢二苯骈[b,e]氧杂-11-酮-2-乙酸的合成

采用对羟基苯乙酸(Ⅱ)和苯酞为原料,在甲醇钠的催化下,以n(Ⅱ)∶n(苯酞)∶n(甲醇钠)=1.0∶1.1∶2.2,于130℃反应7h制备4-(2-羧基苄氧基)苯乙酸(Ⅲ)。Ⅲ与乙酰氯经氯化、环合得6,11-二氢二苯骈[b,e]氧杂-11-酮-2-乙酸(Ⅰ),该步优化的反应条件为:n(Ⅲ)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.25,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为6h。以Ⅱ计,总收率达48.16%,Ⅰ的结构经IR、1H NMR和MS确证。     

N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵的合成与表征

以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)和三甲胺(TMA)为原料,在40 kHz超声辅助下合成了季铵盐型活性醚化剂环氧氯丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA);GTA在超声辅助下与硬脂酸反应,合成了阳离子单酯表面活性剂N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵(CMESA)。通过元素分析,IR等手段对CMESA进行了表征,并考察了反应温度,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸),pH和反应时间等因素对产率的影响。结果表明,CMESA的合适合成条件为:超声频率50 kHz,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸)=3∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间4 h,此条件下CMESA的产率为94.90%。     

碘帕醇的合成工艺研究

以L-乳酸为原料,经两步反应,以55%的收率得到S-2-乙酰氧基丙酰氯。以5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘-1,3-苯二甲酸为原料,使用二氯亚砜转化得到5-氨基-2,4,6-三碘-1,3-苯二甲酰氯,再与S-2-乙酰氧基丙酰氯反应得到5-[(2S)-(2-乙酰氧基)丙酰胺基]-2,4,6-三碘-1,3-苯二甲酰氯,接着与2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇反应得到N,N′-双[2-羟基-(1-羟甲基)乙基]-5-[(2S)(2-乙酰氧基)丙酰胺基]-2,4,6-三碘-1,3-苯二甲酰胺,在碱性条件下脱乙酰基,得到非离子型X射线造影剂碘帕醇,这四步反应收率为50%。     

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of oleyl oleate: Optimization by response surface methodology

Lipase catalyzed production of oleyl oleate, which is an analogue of jojoba oil, was carried out using oleic acid and oleyl alcohol in the solvent-free system. Novozym 435, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, was used as a biocatalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on five-level, four-variable central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the effects of important parameters on the production of oleyl oleate. Acid/alcohol molar ratio (0.5-1.5), enzyme quantity (2-10% w/w of substrates), reaction temperature (40-60°C), and reaction time (30-90 min) were chosen as process variables for the optimization. Among these parameters, enzyme quantity and acid/alcohol molar ratio have significant effects compared with temperature and time on the production of oleyl oleate. Optimum conditions were found to be a acid/alcohol molar ratio of 1, enzyme quantity of 7% (w/w), reaction temperature of 51°C, and reaction time of 75 min. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for the model is 0.97. Probability value is 2.9 ‐ 10 m 9 (P-value<0.01). This P-value demonstrates a very high significance for the regression model. The maximum oleyl oleate concentration predicted by the equation (737 g/L) agrees well with the experimentalvalue (734 g/L) obtained from the experimental verification at the optimum values.     

月桂酸酯季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成与表征

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成了中间体DMAC〔(2,3-环氧丙基)十二烷基二甲基氯化铵〕,再与月桂酸反应,生成月桂酸酯季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂HDAC〔(2-羟基-3-月桂酰氧基丙基)十二烷基二甲基氯化铵〕。通过正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:以异丙醇为溶剂,n(DMAC)∶n(LAC)=1∶1.2,反应时间6 h,反应温度50℃,产率大于90%,Krafft点-4.52℃。通过元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)、1HNMR,确证了目的产物的结构。测定产物的临界胶束浓度CMC为8.91×10-4mol/L,γCMC为34.12 mN/m。表明所合成的月桂酸酯季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性。     

Enhanced Production of a Novel Cyclic Hexapeptide Antibiotic (NW-G01) by Streptomyces alboflavus 313 Using Response Surface Methodology

NW-G01, produced by Streptomyces alboflavus 313, is a novel cyclic hexapeptide antibiotic with many potential applications, including antimicrobial activity and antitumor agents. This study developed a system for optimizing medium components in order to enhance NW-G01 production. In this study, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to find the key ingredients of medium components, and then response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to determine their optimal concentrations. The results of PBD revealed that the crucial ingredients related to the production of NW-G01 were (NH(4))(2)SO(4), peptone and CaCO(3). A prediction model has been built in the experiments of central composite design and response surface methodology, and its validation has been further verified. The optimal medium composition was determined (g/L): corn starch 15, glucose 15, peptone 3.80, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) 0.06, NaCl 1.5, CaCO(3) 1.30, MgSO(4)·7H(2)O 0.015, K(2)HPO(4)·3H(2)O 0.015, MnCl(2)·4H(2)O 0.015, FeSO(4)·7H(2)O 0.015, and ZnSO(4)·7H(2)O 0.015. Compared with NW-G01 production (5.707 mg/L) in non-optimized fermentation medium, the production of NW-G01 (15.564 mg/L) in optimized fermentation medium had a 2.73-fold increase.     

N-(甲基取代苯基)-N-′(2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲的合成研究

以2-羟基-3-萘甲酸和二氯亚砜为原料合成2-羟基-3-萘甲酰氯,再与甲基取代的苯脲化合物反应得到N-(甲基取代苯基)-N′-(2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲。重点研究了N-(3-甲基苯基)-N-(′2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲的合成工艺条件对产品收率的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺,即以苯为溶剂、三乙胺为缚酸剂,n(间甲基苯脲)∶n(2-羟基-3-萘甲酰氯)∶n(苯)=1∶3∶33,回流温度下反应4 h,产品质量分数97.40%,收率71.5%。在相同条件下合成了N-(2-甲基苯基)-N′-(2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲、N-(4-甲基苯基)-N-(′2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲和N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-N-′(2-羟基-3-萘甲酰基)脲,质量分数分别为95.72%、97.69%和99.44%,收率分别为47.1%、71.5%和59.7%。通过紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和质谱等对化合物进行了表征,证明产品结构正确。