Ti-6Al-4V钛合金多工序加工的微观结构和力学性能研究（英文）

为获得环轧、胀形和热处理不同工艺组合状态下Ti-6Al-4V合金加工工艺-力学性能-微观组织之间的关系,分别对其α相和β相组织形貌,室温和高温拉伸性能(强度和塑性)进行观察与分析。研究表明,在适当的热处理工艺下,合金轧制成形之后增加第二工序胀形是很有必要的。材料的拉伸性能与初生α相的晶粒尺寸和体积分数,及次生α相的晶粒尺寸和组织厚度有很大关系。此外,胀形后热处理主要影响初生α相的晶粒尺寸及α相和β相组成比例,其次影响次生片状α相的大小和数量。当α相由小颗粒等轴组织转变为厚的多边形状组织时,材料的延伸率降低。随着初生α相体积分数的减少,未转变β相组织和弥散次生α相的增加,合金强度增加。材料高温拉伸断裂为韧性断裂,材料低塑性归因于组织断裂表面铸造微缺陷的萌生。     

热处理过程对Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响（英文）

研究热处理过程对Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对合金显微组织进行研究,并通过拉伸试验对其室温和高温力学性能进行评估。结果表明,锻造和热处理后的主要组织为板条和球状初生α相、次生α相和β相。次生α相的尺寸明显小于初生α相的尺寸。热处理后,初生α相的体积分数减少,次生α相的体积分数增加。随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相的体积分数明显减少,次生α相的体积分数明显增加。随着固溶温度的升高,Ti-6Al-4V-10Nb合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度明显提高。     

热轧变形对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金组织和性能的影响

研究了形变温度、形变量以及双重时效工艺对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着形变温度的提高,在时效过程中析出的次生α相含量逐渐增加,合金强度升高;然而,当形变温度高于相变点时,初生α相对β晶粒的钉扎作用明显减弱,使得β晶粒迅速长大,导致合金的拉伸塑性明显下降;次生α相的体积分数主要决定于形变温度,因此应变量对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金力学性能的影响较小.此外,相对于单重时效工艺,由于在低温时效(300℃×8h)时发生ω→α转变,为次生α相提供了均匀的形核点,Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金在低温-高温双重时效工艺中获得了更加均匀、细小的α+β显微组织,使得拉伸强度获得比较大的提高.     

固溶处理对Ti60合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

通过对600℃用Ti60高温钛合金在不同温度固溶热处理,获得全α'和α+α'2种马氏体组织,对比了2种组织特征及室温、300和600℃下的拉伸性能,探讨了初生α相对力学性能的影响规律。结果表明淬火过程中β相全部转变为α'马氏体相,α+α'组织保留约10%初生α相,初生α相的存在引起马氏体组织抗拉强度降低和塑性提升,进而获得更加匹配的强度和塑性。其中α+α'组织韧窝尺寸较大,因为少量初生α相能够细化β晶粒尺寸,通过增加晶界面积阻碍裂纹扩展,进而提高塑性,随着温度升高,初生α相对合金塑性影响逐步减小。     

初生及次生α相对Ti-1023合金拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响

Ti-1023合金中初生α相(αp)的体积分数对材料性能影响较大:在固溶(ST)条件下,αp相体积分数减少,材料强度降低;在固溶时效(STA)条件下,αp相体积分数减少,材料强度和断裂韧度(K1C)呈升高趋势,但后者增加的趋势没有前者明显.αp相对材料性能的影响与其体积分数的变化改变亚稳β晶粒内溶质原子浓度和亚稳β晶粒尺寸有关.时效过程中析出的次生α相(αs)可明显影响材料的力学性能,随αs的长大和数量的减少强化效应减弱,但KIC和塑性明显提高.对Ti-1023合金,减少αp相的体积分数、控制合适的αs相数量和尺寸并尽可能减少连续晶界α相数量与尺寸,可以获得较高的强韧性匹配.     

热处理对BTi-6431S合金激光焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、拉伸实验机及显微硬度计研究了热处理对BTi-6431S合金激光焊焊接接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明,BTi-6431S合金激光焊原始焊接组织为块状初生α相和片层状β相转变组织组成,经不同温度热处理获得不同形态α相。随着热处理温度的升高,次生α相的体积分数增加;焊接接头室温与高温抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐升高,伸长率呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。经650℃热处理后,BTi-6431S合金激光焊接接头室温显微硬度最高。     

C添加对近β钛合金显微组织及性能的影响

研究了在不同热处理条件下C元素的添加量对近β钛合金Ti-4Al-5Mo-8V-2. 5Cr-1Sn-2Zr微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:C元素添加对近β钛合金在不同热处理条件下的微观组织均有显著影响。C元素添加会导致β晶粒的细化,当C元素添加量由0%(体积分数,下同)增加到3%时,固溶处理后合金的β晶粒尺寸由137μm降低至25μm,且尺寸更加均匀。当C元素添加量持续增加时,β晶粒开始长大。经时效处理后,随着C元素添加量的增加,次生α相尺寸和体积分数均减小。相比于单级时效,双级时效呈现出更多的次生α相。此外,单级时效后晶界处的次生α相会随着C元素添加量的增加而逐渐消失。由于受晶粒细化、TiC颗粒和次生α相的影响,随着C元素添加量的增加,合金的显微硬度和拉伸强度明显提高,塑性降低。     

热处理对TC6钛合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对TC6合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果显示:增加冷速,组织中初生α相体积百分数、尺寸及片状次生α相厚度均减小,强度增大;油冷、水冷试样的塑性均不及空冷试样的塑性;提高时效温度,初生α相有所长大,次生α相片域减少,厚度增大,强度降低,塑性增加;延长时效保温时间,次生α相厚度有所增大,呈短片状甚至球...     

TG6合金等温变形条件下组织演变与性能的研究

采用不同的等温锻造火次和相同的总变形量,改变TG6合金锻件的加热时间和每火次变形量,对该合金等温锻件的显微组织演化与拉伸性能进行研究。结果表明：随等温锻造火次增多,组织中初生α相含量增多,片状次生α相长度和亚β晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,而片状α相的厚度递增。室温和高温拉伸强度随锻造火次的增加呈现先减少后增加的趋势,塑性则先增加后减小。1火次成形时变形量较大,锻件产生温升造成组织中初生α相较少,同时较多且细长的次生α相增加了该锻件的拉伸强度。3火次成形时由于合金中各相再结晶程度不同,使组织中亚β晶界处产生较多细小等轴α相,该相增加了锻件的塑性。5火次锻造时,锻件加热时间较长,造成组织中α相的聚集长大。TG6合金等温锻造多火次成形时,每火次变形量存在一临界范围,处于该范围内每火次锻后空冷时合金发生部分再结晶,形成较为细小的等轴α相,阻碍亚β晶界的迁移,致使亚β晶粒尺寸较小,同时也造成组织中等轴α相尺寸的不均匀     

三重热处理温度对TC21钛合金显微组织的影响

TC21钛合金在超塑性拉伸后进行不同温度的三重热处理,研究三重热处理温度对超塑性拉伸后组织的影响。结果表明,超塑性拉伸组织后在940℃以上进行一重热处理后,大部分α相转化为β相和β转变组织,随着一重热处理温度的升高,β晶界逐渐完整,空冷后得到等轴β晶粒。二重热处理后在β晶粒内弥散析出许多细小针状次生α相,随二重热处理温度的升高,析出的次生α相含量增多,尺寸增大。三重热处理后针状α相间有更为细小二次生α相析出,随着三重热处理温度升高,网篮组织中二次α相变粗。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.