Au核壳纳米催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用化学镀工艺,制备了催化性能优良的Au核壳结构纳米催化剂,表面Au颗粒粒径约为16nm,结构致密,单分散程度较高。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis),结合产H2量测试,研究了络合剂和还原剂的加入顺序对Au核壳结构纳米催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明:先加络合剂所制备样品在亚甲基蓝脱色反应中表现出最高的反应速率和产氢量,具有最高的催化反应活性。较高的纳米Au颗粒粗糙度和Au负载量是其取得优良催化活性的原因。     

电催化氧化甲醇反应低成本高活性的Pd核@Pt壳纳米粒子的光化学合成与表征研究(英文)

研究了PEG-丙酮体系中光化学合成Pd纳米粒子并在同一体系内在获得的Pd纳米粒子表面光化学还原Pt(IV)离子获得Pd核@Pt壳纳米粒子。通过改变Pd晶种对Pt(IV)的比例,能够有效调节复合粒子的Pt壳厚度。经HR-TEM和XPS分析,结果表明,获得的纳米粒子的平均粒径为5.3~7.1 nm,具有核-壳复合结构。电化学分析表明Pd:Pt摩尔比1:1、4:1的Pt核@Pt壳纳米粒子具有与Pt相似的催化活性和稳定性,且成本更低,可能被用作直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化材料。     

在柠檬酸盐溶液体系中金核@铂壳纳米粒子的光化学合成

在含有不同Au:Pt摩尔比的双金属离子和单一Pt(Ⅳ)离子的柠檬酸盐溶液体系中,分别利用光化学共还原和Au晶种生长法合成了Au核@Pt壳纳米粒子。借助于透射电子显微镜的表征,研究了在2种制备方法中复合纳米粒子的尺寸变化规律;利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了复合纳米粒子的表面化学态和它们的结构,证实形成的Au@Pt纳米粒子为核-壳结构。     

AuCu双金属纳米颗粒的制备、表征及性能探究

采用水热法制备AuCu双金属纳米颗粒,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)进行表征,初步研究了其对4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)还原的催化性能和光热效应。结果表明,制备时不同的AuCl_4~-/Cu~(2+)摩尔比(r_(Au))可以调控AuCu双金属纳米颗粒的组分和形貌,XRD和吸收光谱特征随r_(Au)的增加表现出更明显的金的特征,r_(Au)0.5时得到的颗粒具有典型的核-壳结构;核-壳结构的AuCu双金属纳米颗粒对4-NP还原表现出更好的催化活性,受光热效应影响,532 nm激光照射能够加强催化活性;在激光辐射作用下,不同AuCu双金属纳米颗粒具有相似的光热效应。     

金核/铂壳纳米粒子的光化学合成及电催化活性

在含不同摩尔比的Au(Ⅲ)和Pt(Ⅳ)离子的PEG(聚乙二醇)-丙酮溶液中,采用光化学共还原法合成了一组Au@Pt复合纳米粒子,并以炭黑分别对其负载制成Au@Pt/C催化剂。借助于UV-Vis、TEM和HR-TEM的表征,证实复合纳米粒子为球形的核/壳结构;分别以XPS、EDS和电化学方法分析了复合粒子的化学状态、结构特点和Au@Pt/C催化剂的催化性质。结果表明,不同Au:Pt摩尔比的Au@Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化反应具有良好的催化活性和稳定性,其中Au:Pt=1:1时形成的Au@Pt/C催化剂电催化活性最高,约为商品Pt/C催化剂的4倍。简要讨论了核/壳结构产生高催化活性的主要原因。     

纳米CeO2及其复合催化剂的制备及对CO氧化的催化性能

以硝酸铈和氢氧化钠为原料,使用超声雾化工艺实现微区反应制备纳米CeO2粉体和掺铜CeO2复合粉体;再以硝酸铈为铈源,氨水为沉淀剂,用凹凸棒石为载体合成凹凸棒石负载CeO2纳米复合材料.利用XRD、TEM、HRTEM和BET-N2等手段对所得产物的成分、物相结构和形貌进行表征,研究所制备的纳米CeO2及其复合催化剂对CO氧化的催化性能.结果表明:所制备的纳米CeO2粉体和掺铜CeO2复合粉体呈球形,粒径均为4～5 nm,且单分散性好;所合成的CeO2/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料中,CeO2颗粒均匀包覆在凹凸棒石表面.催化实验结果表明:CeO2颗粒越小、比表面积越大,对CO氧化的催化活性就越高;凹凸棒石负载CeO2纳米复合催化剂具有很强的协同催化效应,可提高其催化活性;Cu(5%)-Ce-O催化剂对CO氧化具有最好的催化活性,表明铜的掺入有利于提高CeO2在CO催化氧化反应中的低温活性,降低起燃温度.     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能

本研究首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM,FTIR,XRD,XPS,Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH4还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强SERS检测的能力和循环性能。     

不同壳层厚度Au@SiO_2的表面增强拉曼效应

通过电偶置换反应制备了尺寸在30~35 nm的结晶性良好的Au纳米颗粒,并成功在其表面包覆了不同厚度的Si O2壳层,利用TEM、HRTEM和UV-Vis对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并以罗丹明6G(R6G)为探针分子,对Au@SiO_2复合粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应进行了研究。结果显示,相对于Au纳米颗粒,Au@SiO_2复合粒子显著提高了拉曼信号的质量和检测的灵敏度,且Si O2壳层厚度对其SRES效应影响显著,壳层厚度为2 nm的复合粒子对R6G分子的检测极限可达10~(-7)mol/L。     

Fe3O4/Au磁性纳米复合微粒的制备及表征

实验中应用水相合成法制备Fe3O4/Au纳米复合微粒,通过对复合微粒生成过程的光谱检测,对生成物的磁响应性检测和采用HGMF磁分离,表明绝大多数颗粒既具有磁性,又具有纳米Au的特征.将获得的不同粒径的磁性颗粒分别与纯Fe3O4,Au纳米微粒进行选区电子衍射对比分析.结果表明,粒径越小的复合颗粒的衍射花样越接近纯Fe3O4,随粒径的增大,与纯Fe3O4的差异增大;当粒径增大到(15.8±2.8) nm,衍射花样与纯Au纳米颗粒的完全吻合,间接证实了Fe3O4/Au纳米复合微粒的核壳结构.     

Fe3O4@Au核壳纳米颗粒的制备及表征

采用共沉淀法制备Fe<,3>O<,4>磁性纳米颗粒,并在此基础上采用柠檬酸钠还原HAuCl<,4>的方法制备Fe<,3>O<,4>@Au核壳纳米颗粒.通过透射电镜(TEM)、能量衍射光谱(EDS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分别对产物的形貌、结构和组成等性质进行表征.结果表明:Au成功包裹在Fe<,3>O<,4>纳米颗粒表面,所制得的Fe<,3>O<,4>@Au核壳纳米颗粒在水中的分散性较好,粒径比较均匀,为(15±5)nm;且当Fe<,3>O<,4>和Au摩尔比为5:1时,制备的Fe<,3>O<,4>@Au核壳纳米颗粒的磁性较好.     

Preparation of novel core-shell nanoparticles by electrochemical synthesis

Nanostructural gold/polyaniline core/shell composite particles on conducting electrode ITO were successfully prepared via electrochemical polymerization of aniline based on 4-aminothiophenol （4-ATP） capped Au nanoparticles. The new approach to the fabrication included three steps： preparation of gold nanoparticles as core by pulse electrodeposition; formation of ATP monolayer on the gold particle surface, which served as a binder and an initiator; polymerization of aniline monomer initiated by ATP molecules under controlled voltage lower than the voltammetric threshold of aniline polymerization, which assured the formation of polyaniline shell film occurred on gold particles selectively Topographic images were also studied by AFM, which indicated the diameter of gold nanoparticles were around 250 run. Coulometry characterization confirmed the shell thickness of polyaniline film was about 30 nm A possible formation mechanism of the Au/polyaniline core-shell nanocomposites was also proposed. The novel as-prepared core-shell nanoparticles have potential application in constructing biosensor when bioactive enzymes are absorbed or embedded in polyaniline shell film.     

FeBP@SiO2核壳结构纳米复合材料的可控制备及其吸波性能

提出一种简便易行的方法制备核壳型FeBP@SiO₂纳米粒子,该方法利用化学还原和溶胶凝胶相结合,实现复合粒子的核壳结构可控。通过改变SiO₂壳厚度,研究了壳层厚度对吸波性能的影响,并对微波吸收机制进行分析和解释。结果表明,随着SiO₂壳层厚度的增加,粒子微波吸收能力先增大后减小。当SiO₂壳层厚度为38 nm时,FeBP@SiO₂样品具有最强的微波吸收性能,在吸收涂层厚度为2.19 mm下反射损耗获得较好的吸收性能(-52.66 dB),这种增强的微波吸收性能主要来自新增磁-介电界面,从而提高了材料的阻抗匹配以及介电损耗的能力,通过设计复合粒子的核壳结构,可以实现复合吸波剂的性能调控,因此本研究为设计下一代新型复合微波吸收材料提供了重要参考。     

Ag/Au-decorated Fe3O4/SiO2 composite nanospheres for catalytic applications

Noble metal particles in nanoscale (Au, Ag, Pt, etc.) have attracted intensive research interest due to their promising catalysis properties. However, the practical applications of these nanoparticle catalysts are always jeopardized by two problems. One is the difficulty in recovering the used nanoparticles and the other arises from the low catalytic efficiency due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles. In this work, Ag/Au nanoparticles were distributed onto spherical superparamagnetic carriers (SSCNs), which were fabricated through a facile oil-in-DEG emulsion route. The Ag/Au nanoparticles were attached onto the SSCNs by two steps. The Au seeds were attached onto the silica surface through electrostatic attraction first, and the Ag nanoparticles were grown on the basis of the Au seeds. The obtained Ag/Au–SSCN composite nanospheres demonstrated promising catalytic properties, which could also be recycled very easily by using a magnet.     

Electrochemical preparation and characterization of gold-polyaniline core-shell nanocomposites on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

A simple electrochemical method for the in situ preparation of homogeneously dispersed gold-polyaniline core/shell nanocomposite particles with controlled size on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG)was demonstrated.The HOPG surface was modified preferentially by covalent bonding of a two-dimensional 4-aminophenyl monolayer employing diazonium chemistry.AuCl4 -ions were attached to the Ar-NH2 termination and reduced electrochemically.This results in the formation of Au nuclei that could be further grown into gold nanoparticles.The formation of polyaniline as the shell wrap of Au nanoparticle was established by localized electro-polymerization.These core-shell nanocomposites prepared were characterized by AFM and cyclic voltammetry.The results show that the gold-polyaniline core-shell composites on HOPG have a mean particle size of 100 nm in diameter and the polyaniline shell thickness is about 15 nm.     

磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4@Au和Fe_3O_4@Ag的制备及表征

利用化学共沉淀法将铁盐和亚铁盐溶液按一定比例混合制备磁性纳米Fe3O4,再用3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰磁性粒子,连接金、银纳米粒子制备了核壳结构的功能性微粒。通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)对粒子的结构与性质进行表征。结果表明:磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子属立方晶型,Fe3O4@Au和Fe3O4@Ag粒子包裹完全,形状趋近于球形,兼有磁性和金、银纳米粒子的特性,对硝基化合物具有良好的催化性能。     

Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles with "core-shell" type structure by seed mediated catalytic growth

The colloidal Au core/Ag shell structure composite nanoparticles were synthesized in PEG-acetone solution by photochemical route. The monodispersed Au nanoparticles with average diameter of 3.9 nm were used as growth seeds. The optical property of colloids and the sizes of composite nanoparticles were characterized when the molar ratio of Au to Ag ranges from 4 : 1 to 1 : 4. The results show that a composite nanoparticle structure similar to strawberry shape is formed at the molar ratio of Au to Ag from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1; the composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of Au and shell of Ag were generated at the 1: 4 molar ratio, having a striking feature of forming interconnected network structure.     

模板法-脱合金制备低密度、分级多孔金及其电催化性能

本文提出了以模板法-脱合金复合方法制备低密度分级多孔金。在该方法中,以直径为700 nm的二氧化（SiO2）微球作为模板,通过化学镀的方法依次制备了Ag@SiO2和Au@ Ag@ SiO2核壳粒子,并通过冷压-烧结方法制备了Au@ Ag@ SiO2合金块材。通过连续改变腐蚀溶液,SiO2模板以及Ag元素从Au@ Ag@ SiO2合金中完全去除。将SiO2从Au@ Ag@ SiO2微球完全去除从而得到了大尺寸空心球壳（直径约为675 nm）,将Ag元素脱合金去除从而在球壳表面形成了许多小尺寸的孔结构（直径约为75nm）。TEM图像表明,块状金样品中的韧带由具有多晶特性的纳米晶粒组成。这种具有低密度1.1 g/cm3（相对密度为5.7%）和高表面积4.24 m2/g的分级纳米多孔金材料在碱性溶液中对甲醇电氧化具有优良的催化活性以及快速的传质速率,表明其在催化领域具有广阔的应用前景。