白腐菌联合处理皂素废水与造纸黑液

利用白腐菌联合处理皂素废水与造纸黑液,结果表明,两种废水混合可以有效的消除皂素废水的强酸性和造纸黑液的强碱性,经过白腐菌处理,混合废水体系的CODCr、色度和木质素去除率分别为88.43%、86.0%、70.1%,pH由弱酸性降低到pH 3.7左右,出水可以进入造纸厂其他废水处理系统进一步处理.     

固定化白腐菌对造纸废水的生物降解研究

就具有较强木质素降解能力的白腐菌对造纸废水的降解效果及条件进行了初步研究.分别采用固定化白腐菌和悬浮态白腐菌在不同接种量下对造纸废水进行降解,对降解过程中的白腐菌生长量、pH、COD、木质素含量等废水降解指标进行测定.结果显示两种不同状态下的白腐菌均能降解造纸废水,但它们的降解程度不同.其中固定化白腐菌降解木质素效果较好,且呈现较明显规律,说明固定化的白腐菌较悬浮态的白腐菌更具有降解造纸废水的潜在能力.     

白腐菌预处理甘蔗渣促进水解的研究

利用一株产木质素降解酶的白腐菌Ceripriopsis sp.,以固态发酵形式对甘蔗渣进行预处理,选择性降解其中的木质素,从而提高其水解效率。甘蔗渣固态发酵过程中,发酵温度、培养基成分、含水量和初始pH值对酶活和糖收率都有影响。含水量是对糖收率影响最大的因素,其次是麸皮添加量,再次是温度,而初始pH值影响最小。甘蔗渣固态发酵的最佳条件为:培养基中含水量为80%,麸皮含量为5%,初始pH=4.0时28℃发酵14d,获得的糖产率最大,达20.6%。     

一株用于印染废水脱色菌产漆酶条件的优化

脱色菌—白腐真菌主要用于纤维素、木质素的降解,在稻草降解、产酶量等方面报导较多,但对于用脱色菌-白腐真菌用于印染废水脱色菌种培养基优化报导较少。文章从白腐真菌产漆酶条件入手,试求对其产漆酶条件进行优化。     

一株木质素降解细菌的筛选及其降解途径

经高温碱性盐法预处理的玉米秸秆预处理液中木质素和碱性盐含量高,为了反复利用含盐预处理液,需脱除其中的可溶性木质素。本实验从腐木中筛选分离到一株木质素降解菌株CCZU-WJ6,通过形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株属于无色杆菌属（Achromobacter sp.）。测定了CCZU-WJ6木质素降解相关酶的活性,及其在玉米秸秆预处理液中的生长趋势、预处理液的COD去除率和木质素降解率,通过GC-MS和FTIR检测预处理液中组分及其化学键的变化。通过单因素实验确定了菌株CCZU-WJ6处理预处理液的最佳条件为pH 7.0、温度30℃、预处理液稀释倍数10倍、接菌量0.5g/mL。在处理6天后,预处理液COD脱除率为40.9%,木质素的降解率为32.1%,CCZU-WJ6分泌木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的酶活分别达到215.5U/L、200.1U/L。CCZU-WJ6会破坏木质素结构中的苯环结构、醚键以及C＝O键,降解产物中含有愈创木酚和对香豆酸,推断其降解途径为β-芳基醚代谢途径和阿魏酸代谢途径。CCZU-WJ6可用来处理含木质素的工业废水,在工业方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

碱性条件下稻草NH4OH-KOH蒸煮黑液的絮凝处理

利用聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺处理稻草NH4OH-KOH蒸煮黑液。系统讨论了聚合氯化铝用量、聚丙烯酰胺用量、反应温度和黑液pH值等工艺参数对絮凝效果的影响，继而确定了适宜絮凝工艺条件。结果表明，该絮凝体系对黑液COD去除率为68%，木质素去除率为92%。仪器测试表明絮凝沉淀物中除含有大量木质素外，氮、钾等营养元素的含量分别为23. 73%、6. 24%(均为干基)，为絮凝沉淀物制备固体有机肥料创造条件；上层清液pH 为9. 20，呈碱性，杂质含量低，补加NH4OH/KOH后可作为蒸煮液循环使用，使稻草制浆更易于实施清洁生产。     

快速消解分光光度法测定造纸黑液酸析絮凝木质素

介绍了通过快速消解分光光度法测定造纸黑液分离酸析絮凝木质素后滤液化学需氧量(COD)值计算木质素含量的方法.建立了COD值对吸光度的工作曲线.分别考察了pH、温度、絮凝剂用量对COD值的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件,分析了呈现的规律和原因.     

白腐菌降解木质纤维素顺序规律的研究

通过纤维素、半纤维素和木质素三者含量变化的测定,以及傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的谱图分析,研究了 BP2、CD1和 AX3三株白腐菌在50 天培养期中降解木屑基质中木质纤维素的规律。结果表明,三株白腐菌对木屑基质中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素三者的降解具有一定的顺序和选择性,即先降解半纤维素和木质素,再同时降解半纤维素、纤维素和木质素;从降解比例来看,三株菌对木质素具有很强的降解优势(45%左右)和选择性(0.5左右)。木质素的相关谱带(1630,1510,1325 和 1265 cm-1)强度及半纤维素和纤维素的相关谱带强度(1740,1325,1160 和 898 cm-1)的变化也证实了这一结论。     

选择性降解木质素白腐菌筛选的研究

对国内外15种产漆酶的白腐菌进行初步筛选,从中获得7株产漆酶活性较高的菌株。经对木材降解能力的分析及在培养过程中所产各种酶酶活的测定,得到了2株产漆酶酶活高、降解木质素选择性优良的菌株,其中Flammulinavelutipes和My-1两菌株经14天液体培养,漆酶酶活高达214IU/mL和231IU/mL。杨木经其处理30天后木质素降解率达到22.67%和15.46%。     

铁碳微电解对造纸黑液的脱色处理

本文针对用白腐菌-厌氧-好氧生物法处理造纸黑液的出水色度过高,而COD也不能达标的现象,利用铁碳微电解反应柱对出水进行脱色与去除COD的研究.分析了其反应的基本原理,获得了较佳的工艺处理条件：铁炭质量比为2：1,初始pH值4.5～5.5之间,反应时间为30～40min,常温下反应等因素,最终色度与COD的去除率分别达到94.2%与68.9%,出水达到了行业排放标准.     

Anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m^?3 day^?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm³ per dm³ of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability.     

鼠李糖脂强化白腐菌处理制浆黑液效果研究

研究了吐温、鼠李糖脂、硫酸铜和乙醇等不同添加物对白腐菌处理黑液效果的强化作用,发现鼠李糖脂能够较好地强化修复效果,当其质量浓度在50~60 mg/L时处理效果最佳。将产生鼠李糖脂的铜绿假单胞菌与白腐菌共同接种黑液后培养,可将COD降低44%。本研究为黑液的微生物处理提供了新的思路。     

白腐菌Cyathus stercoreus预处理芦苇制浆的研究

对用白腐菌Cyathus stercoreus预处理芦苇制取化学浆进行了研究。实验结果表明,用Cyathus stercoreus固体发酵处理后的芦苇所制烧碱—蒽醌浆的白度和粘度要低于未经发酵处理的对比浆的白度和粘度,而Kappa值高于对比浆;这个结果表明,白腐菌Cyathus stercoreus 对芦苇中的纤维素,半纤维素和木质素均有不同程度的降解能力,且对纤维素和半纤维素的降解要高于对木素的降解。且在白腐菌Cyathus stercoreus预处理过程中所分泌的各种木素降解酶的作用下,芦苇木素既发生降解,也发生一定程度的聚合。     

Lignin Degradation by Flavodon flavus (Klotzsch.) Ryv. and Schizophyllum commune Fr. on Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini Woods

Abstract

The lignin degradation by Flavodon flavus (Klotzsch) Ryv. and Schizophyllum commune Fr. on Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini wood, changes in the chemical composition of the degraded wood, and production of extra-cellular lignocellulolytic enzymes were analyzed. White rot fungi F. flavus and S. commune selectively degraded the lignin of S. cumini rather than the holocellulose component, whereas simultaneous degradation of lignin occurred in the case of M. indica. After 90 days of pretreatment with F. flavus, total weight loss was 29% and loss in lignin content was 25.7% in M. indica wood. However, 8% loss of holocellulose was caused by S. commune in S. cumini wood. Extracellular enzymes from F. flavus such as ligninase and cellulase showed higher activity in degradation of M. indica wood than in S. cumini wood. Weight loss and changes in chemical composition of M. indica and S. cumini woods showed good correlation with enzyme activity in lignocellulose degradation. Woods of S. cumini showed resistance to the white rot fungi could be due to the presence of polyphenols.     

芒杆山竹碱法纸浆黑液中提取木质素探析

本文研究了芒杆山竹碱法制浆黑液酸析木质素工艺过程及其影响因素,获得了最佳工艺条件,木质素析出率、色度去除率分别达到82％、91％以上,COD、BOD去除率达到60％以上,所得木质素为土黄色疏松颗粒。     

Charge Density of Lignin Samples from Kraft Cooking of Birch Wood

Abstract

Black liquor, isolated dissolved lignin and residual lignin samples corresponding to different cooking times were obtained from flow-through kraft cooking of birch wood. Dissolved lignin was isolated from black liquor by acid precipitation and residual lignin was isolated from pulp by acid-dioxane extraction. The average mobility (μav) of the lignin-containing samples was determined by capillary zone electrophoresis. The lignin samples have a broad mobility distribution that reflects the charge-to-size ratio of the molecules. At pH 12, i.e. when lignin is completely dissociated, the μav of each type of sample increases during the cook, reflecting an increase in charge density of the lignin. For samples corresponding to the initial and beginning of the bulk delignification phases, the μav decreases in the order dissolved lignin>black liquor>residual lignin. The lower charge density of black liquor compared to dissolved lignin is proposed to be caused by associations between lignin and carbohydrate fragments dissolved in the black liquor. As from the middle of the bulk delignification phase, the μav of the three series of samples is quite similar. The decrease in mobility on lowering the pH is an indication of the degree of dissociation of the lignin phenol groups. At pH 10, i.e. about the pK_a of lignin, the μav of black liquor is highest throughout the cook. The relative order of μ_av is then black liquor>dissolved lignin≈residual lignin.     

阔叶木碱法造纸黑液提取物成分的研究

应用裂解-气相色谱-质谱、红外色谱、凝胶色谱、元素分析仪研究了阔叶木碱法造纸黑液提取物的成分.结果表明:黑液中含有木质素、有机酸等物质.其中,阔叶木木质素属愈创木-紫丁香(GS)型木质素,木质素分子中存在少量的α-β碳碳双键,紫丁香基结构单元的质量分数高于愈创木基结构单元,二者质量分数比为2.27;木质素的结构经验式为...