福建紫金山铜金矿床地质地球化学找矿模型及应用

本文根据紫金山铜金矿区地表岩石测量和矿床钻孔剖面原生晕研究结果,详尽讨论了成晕元素在水平和垂向上的异常分布特征,确定了矿床的主要成矿元素及伴生元素,计算了矿床元素分带序列,阐明了矿床异常元素的分带规律.以矿上、矿下晕和元素分带关系为基础,运用元素对累乘比值对矿床Cu、Au矿带的剥蚀水平制定了评价准则.结合矿区和矿床地质特征,建立了紫金山矿区(田)的地质地球化学找矿模型.在矿区外围的勘查地球化学找矿研究中,还发现了具工业意义的矿体及新的矿化类型(斑岩Au、Cu和Mo矿),从而为紫金山地区发展成为大型铜矿田奠定了基础.     

会昌红山铜矿床地质特征与找矿方向

会昌红山铜矿床是一个与火山一次火山作用有关的铜矿床，与福建紫金山铜矿床有些相类似。本文初步总结了矿区地质与矿床特征，进一步明确了找矿方向，旨在扩大矿区远景与区域找矿成果。     

福建紫金山东南矿段斑岩-浅成低温叠加成矿模式

<正>福建紫金山东南矿段位于上杭县城北约12 km处,地处紫金山Cu-Mo-Au-Ag多金属矿田东南侧。紫金山矿区内发育有紫金山高硫型铜金矿床,萝卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿床,悦洋低硫型银多金属矿床,以及矿化类型不清或介于斑岩型-浅成低温热液型之间的五子骑龙铜矿和龙江亭铜矿,是国内罕见的矿化类型齐全的斑岩型-浅成低温热液成矿系统(黄仁生,2008)。最近新发现的东南矿段地处紫金山高硫型矿床与萝卜岭斑     

广南洒拉冲金矿矿床地质特征及成因分析

洒拉冲金矿处于我国卡林型金矿重要成矿区——滇黔桂“金三角”区东南隅的广南与广西毗邻地区.控矿因素主要为沿洒拉冲复式背斜核部及翼部发育的NWW—SEE向断裂破碎带,为脆性剪切带热液蚀变型金矿.文中从区域地质背景入手,系统介绍矿金矿矿床地质特征,分析矿床成因及找矿标志.     

再论紫金山矿田成矿系列与成矿模式

紫金山矿田是由我国大陆发现的首例高硫型浅成低温热液矿床-紫金山铜金矿床为主要组成部分,该矿床深部和边部相继发现了斑岩型铜(钼)矿、中低温热液型铜矿和低硫浅成热液型银(金、铜)矿、火山岩型铀矿及高温热液型钨锡矿异常等。自晚侏罗世开始,矿田内经历了多期次的构造作用、岩浆活动及其热液蚀变,致使紫金山矿田形成多期次的成矿作用,它们相互叠加、富集以及空间上侧向排列的特点,构成“构造的构造”、“体中体”、“蚀变的蚀变”、“矿化的矿化”等特征的复杂多样构造-流体-成矿系统,并具有显著的自上而下“U、Ag→Au→Au、Cu→Cu→Cu、Mo→W、Sn”矿化垂直分带特征和“多层楼”成矿模式。在空间上不同成因类型矿床又显现出侧列分布的格局,构成了独特的“紫金山式”成矿系列与成矿模式。通过对比研究表明：在紫金山铜金矿床深部仍存在着斑岩型铜（钼）矿床以及边部可能具有的高温热液型钨锡矿床等,展现出矿田内具有广阔的找矿新领域,为配合进一步地质勘查找矿工作提供科学依据。     

滇东北乐红铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿远景

乐红铅锌矿自20世纪50年代以来就有多家地勘单位先后进行过普查找矿，均以“层控”观点为指导没有进展而中途下马，90年代后期，云南第一地质大队以“构控”新思路开展新一轮找矿，获得突破性进展。在研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及控矿地质因素的基础上，认为矿床为受断裂构造控制的热液充填交代型铅锌(银)矿床，并根据控矿断裂特征及成矿地质条件，指出乐红矿区及外围具有形成大型矿床的找矿远景，应该加强该区的地质找矿工作。     

桂西百定辉绿岩型金矿地质特征及找矿前景

百定金矿位于广西田东县北部,为与辉绿岩类关系密切的微细粒浸染型金矿床,在桂西地区亦被称为辉绿岩型金矿床。针对本区的成矿规律和找矿方向前期研究较少,通过研究百定金矿区的矿床地质、地球化学异常及围岩蚀变等特征,分析控矿因素、矿床成因以及找矿前景。研究结果表明,构造对金矿的控制作用表现为褶皱与断裂构造的组合控矿,矿区处于“背斜加一刀”的有利成矿构造空间;金矿床的形成经历了主成矿期(热液期)和表生期;矿区找矿潜力较大,并提出3个找矿靶区。研究成果为下一步金矿找矿工作指明了方向。     

河南卢氏-栾川地区铅锌矿成矿多样性分析及成矿预测

河南省卢氏-栾川地区位于华北陆块南缘与秦岭造山带的衔接部位,是中国重要的钼、钨、铅、锌多金属成矿区.通过控矿地质条件与成矿环境多样性分析,将研究区铅锌矿划分为3种成因类型:岩浆热液交代型铅锌矿床、MVT型铅锌矿床和SEDEX型铅锌矿床.在此基础上,利用“成矿专属性“和“成矿多样性“相结合的找矿思路,对矿区不同类型矿床成矿进行远景评价,指出具有良好的找矿前景.     

福建省紫金山矿田火山岩-斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年及矿床形成深度研究

<正>福建省紫金山矿田是世界上罕见的浅成低温热液-斑岩型以铜钼(银)金为主的矿床,其包括紫金山特大型铜(钼)金矿床、罗卜岭铜钼矿床、悦洋大型银多金属矿床等。紫金山矿田位于NW向上杭-云霄深大断裂与NE向政和-大埔断裂交汇部位西北部的宣和复式背斜核部,大地构造位置处于华夏古陆的中生代活动大陆边缘环境,属武夷山成矿带西南缘。区域出露新元古界     

大兴安岭地区成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

大兴安岭地区是古生代古亚洲成矿域与中生代滨太平洋成矿域相互叠置的重要成矿区带,具有潜在的找矿前景.本文根据该地区的这一特殊的成矿地质环境,对矿床（点）分布、矿床类型、物化探异常特征及成矿地质背景进行了详细研究,总结了各成矿区带的成矿地质特征、成矿作用及成矿规律,进行了找矿前景分析,提出了以找大矿、富矿和找隐伏矿、半隐伏矿为主的找矿思路,并指出了本区找矿重点和找矿方向,提出了矿产工作的部署建议.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.