Contribution to the study of avocado honeys by their mineral contents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Avocado honey samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric. First, the botanical origin of the honeys was confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey sample. The elements Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements were very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si), six were not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li and Zn) and 11 were trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr and V).     

Pb,Hg, Cd,As, Sb and Al levels in foodstuffs from the 2nd French total diet study

In 2006, the French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA) conducted the second French total diet study (TDS) to estimate dietary exposures of main minerals and trace elements from 1319 samples of foods habitually consumed by the French population. The foodstuffs were analysed by ICP–MS after microwave-assisted digestion. Contamination data for lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, antimony and aluminium were reported and compared with results from the previous French total diet study. The results are comparable with those from the rest of Europe. “Fish and fish products” and “sweeteners, honey and confectionery” were the food groups showing the highest cumulated contents in Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Al and Sb. However, observed levels remained low and were generally well below the maximum levels set by the current European regulation for lead, cadmium and mercury.     

Trace elements in farmed fish (Cyprinus carpio,Ctenopharyngodon idella and Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Beijing: implication from feed

Concentrations of 30 trace elements, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn, Se, Sr, Co, Al, Ti, As, Cs, Sc, Te, Ba, Ga, Pb, Sn, Cd, Sb, Ag, Tm, TI, Be, Hg and U in major cultured freshwater fish species (common carp-Cyprinus carpio, grass carp-Ctenopharyngodon idella and rainbow trout-Oncorhynchus mykiss) with the corresponding feed from 23 fish farms in Beijing, China, were investigated. The results revealed that Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Sr, Se were the major accumulated essential elements and Al, Ti were the major accumulated non-essential elements, while Mo, Co, Ga, Sn, Cd, Sb, Ag, Tm, U, TI, Be, Te, Pb and Hg were hardly detectable. Contents of investigated trace elements were close to or much lower than those in fish from other areas in China. Correlation analysis suggested that the elemental concentrations in those fish species were relatively constant and did not vary much with the fish feed. In comparison with the limits for aquafeeds and fish established by Chinese legislation, Cd in 37.5% of rainbow trout feeds and As in 20% of rainbow trout samples exceeded the maximum limit, assuming that inorganic As accounts for 10% of total As. Further health risk assessment showed that fish consumption would not pose risks to consumers as far as non-essential element contaminants are concerned. However, the carcinogenic risk of As in rainbow trout for the inhabitants in Beijing exceeded the acceptable level of 10^?4, to which more attention should be paid.     

Elemental analysis of nutritional preparations by inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry

This paper reports the development and using of ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods for determination of major, minor and trace elements in multivitamin preparations and dietary supplements and, based on results, their classification using multivariate statistical methods.The method was optimised and evaluated with the use of “in-house” reference material, commercial reference materials and spiked samples. Macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Se, Cr), toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, V) and a whole series of other elements (e.g. REEs, Ti, Au, Pt, Pd, etc.) were detected with excellent limits of detection as well as other procedure parameters suitable for the purpose of the elemental analysis.As for physiologically significant elements, contents were found as follows (mg kg⁻¹): Ca 560-196,000, Mg 308-70,300, Na 289-74,000, K from undetectable to 28,200, Cu 28-1460, P from undetectable to 217,000, Zn 2.1-25,000, Fe 115-39,400, Mn 28-1860, Cr 0.486-26.6, Mo 0.0418-9.88, and Se 0.395-161. It was found out, if compared with recommended daily intakes, that maximally 50% Ca, 37% Mg, 3% K, 20% P, 14% Na, 100% Cu, 160% Mn, 190% Fe, 120% Zn, 24% Cr, 29% Mo and 79% Se can be obtained from one dose. Extreme samples presenting a possible health risk (Ni content nearly 200 mg kg⁻¹) were indicated. Most of the remaining elements (e.g. REEs) were analysed in order to get reference values for nutritional preparation.     

Survey of bottled drinking waters sold in Canada for chlorate, bromide, bromate, lead, cadmium and other trace elements

Mineral, spring and other bottled drinking waters sold in Canada in the winter of 1995-96 were surveyed for chlorate, bromide, bromate, Cr(VI), Li, B, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb, Na, K, Ca and Mg. Chlorate and bromide were determined by ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection, Cr(VI) by IC with colorimetric detection, bromate by solvent extraction and gas chromatography (GC), trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and Na, K, Ca and Mg by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAA). Most chemicals in the 199 samples analysed were well within national and international drinking water guidelines. World Health Organization and/or Canadian drinking water guidelines were exceeded for B (22 samples), Al (9), Cr (1), Mn (5), Ni (1), As (10), Se (24) and Pb (1). Bromate levels are reported for information purposes and are considered as the maximum concentrations in the samples. In three distilled water products, unexpectedly high concentrations of Cu (88-147 µg l^-1) and Ni (16-35 µg l^-1) were found, and a comparison of distilled and non-distilled waters from two of the brands suggested the likely cause to be contamination during the distillation process. Li concentration in one sample was at a therapeutic dose and could pose an overdose risk to individuals on Li medication.     

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and wild source in Missouri

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish muscles (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and natural pond in Missouri were determined using the inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and the direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Dietary intake rates of trace elements were estimated. Dogfish muscle (DORM-2) and lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) reference standards were used in trace element recovery and method validations. The average elemental concentrations (mg/kg diet, dry wt.) of fish feed were: As 1.81, Cd 2.37, Co 0.10, Cr 1.42, Cu 8.0, Fe 404, Mn 35.9, Ni 0.51, Pb 9.16, Se 1.71, Sn 20.7, V 0.09, Zn 118 and Hg 0.07. The mean elemental concentrations (μg/kg wet wt.) in bluegill muscles from both aquaculture and wild (in parenthesis) sources were: As 0.36 (0.06), Cd 0.28 (0.01), Co 0.0 (0.0), Cr 0.52 (0.05), Cu 0.38 (0.18), Fe 17.5 (2.43), Mn 0.18 (0.24), Ni 0.18 (0.04), Pb 1.03 (0.04), Se 0.34 (0.30), Sn 0.66 (0.42), V 0.02 (0.01), Zn 6.97 (9.13) and Hg 0.06 (0.24). Kruskal–Wallis chi square indicated significant differences in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn and Hg (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) across the sampling locations. Dietary intake rates, estimated from weekly consumption of 228 g of aquaculture and wild bluegills, posed no health risks for approximately 85% of all samples.     

Arsenic and other trace elements in wines of eastern Croatia

Levels of arsenic and other trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) in nine brands of wine from Slavonia (eastern Croatia) were investigated. Wines from two other viticulture areas, Istria (western Croatia) and Vojvodina (northern Serbia), were used for comparison. Elemental concentrations were determined by high resolution ICP-MS. Statistical methods were applied for the interpretation of obtained data. Regional differences were identified based on a set of geogenic elements (Al, Li, Be, Ti). Elements As and Pb were found to be of predominantly natural origin. Significant differences between the obtained values for As in wines from Slavonia and Vojvodina, compared to wines from Istria indicate that the geochemical arsenic anomalies present in these regions contribute to some extent to higher As content in analysed wines. The Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cr in wine were found to be primarily of anthropogenic origin.     

食用菌微量元素含量分布的分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪对15种食用菌中的11种微量元素(Sr、Mn、Mo、Zn、V、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Ni、Ti)含量进行了测定。结果表明,不同食用菌类富含对人体有益,在生命过程中起催化、激活动力作用的微量元素,有较高的营养价值和食疗作用。     

Availability of essential trace elements in Indian cereals,vegetables and spices using INAA and the contribution of spices to daily dietary intake

Indian diet is primarily vegetarian and consists of various cereals and vegetables along with spices, often used in the preparation of curries. The nutritive potential of each ingredient, in terms of trace element contents, has been evaluated using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Four minor (Na, K, P and Cl) and 16 trace elements (Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th and Zn) have been determined in six cereals, nine vegetables and 20 spices and condiments, including two betel leaves. None of the carbohydrate-rich cereals or potato was rich in any of the essential elements but leafy vegetables showed higher contents of Fe and other nutrients. Fe/Zn is well correlated with Fe contents in cereals and spices. Out of various spices, cinnamon was most enriched in Fe, Co, Cr, Na, K, P and Zn, whereas turmeric and curry leaves were found to be particularly rich in Se. Cumin and mustard seeds were rich in Cu. Some environmental contaminants, such as Hg, Cr, Br and Th, were also present in significant amounts. An attempt has been made to evaluate the contribution of essential elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Se and Zn) in spices to the daily dietary intake (DDI) through an Indian vegetarian diet. For a typical mixture of six commonly used spices, contributions of Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn, were found to be 7.5% of DDI in each case.     

Influence of laboratory homogenization procedures on trace element content of food samples: an ICP-MS study on soft and durum wheat

Sample contamination as a consequence of abrasion of grinding tools during the homogenization of food materials to be analysed for trace elements was addressed. The possible release of 15 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, V, Zn) from six different grinding and milling devices, operating either continuously or discontinuously, was evaluated. All the devices were commercially available and were representative of models usually employed in food and agricultural laboratories. Wheat grains belonging to one soft and one durum cultivar were used as test material. The determination of the analyte concentrations in subsamples submitted to the different preparation treatments was performed by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICPMS). Accordingly, a suitable digestion method was developed and the ArC⁺ interference affecting Cr determination was evaluated and corrected. Statistical differences with respect to the control were detected for 10 elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb) and in most cases contamination of the samples was traced back to the composition of the grinding equipment. None of the investigated devices was contamination-free with respect to all of the quantified elements. Abrasion of the grinding tools was higher with durum wheat than with soft wheat as a consequence of their different hardness.     

Elemental Composition of Various Sour Cherry and Table Grape Cultivars Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (ICP-OES)

Three sour cherry and three table grape cultivars were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The elements: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni were detected in all samples; four elements are very abundant (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), and four are not abundant (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). Five of them are trace elements (Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni) at <0.1 mg/kg. Among the 13 elements analyzed, potassium was the most abundant element distributed throughout all categories of fruits. Iron was the predominant minor element constituents. Manganese concentration was the highest in table grape cultivars. The accuracy of the results was evaluated by spike recovery tests. Analysis of variance was used to establish the metals with significant difference in mean content between the cultivars from sour cherries and between table grapes. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of metals.     

Trace elements in sewage sludges

Analyses of 42 sewage sludges from rural and industrial towns in England and Wales show very large concentrations of certain trace elements. Total contents of 5% Zn, nearly 1% Cr and Cu and 0.5 % Ni were found in certain dried sludges. Total contents of Cu, Sn and Zn and, to a lesser extent, Ag, Bi and Pb were much greater than the levels of these elements in soils. Total Cr and Ni were very high in a small number of samples. Acetic acid-soluble Zn and Cu levels were generally very much greater than in soils. Overall, Mn, Ni and Zn had considerably higher percentage solubilities than Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sn and V. Zinc, Cu and Ni appear to be the elements most likely to give rise to toxicity problems in plants due to the use of sewage sludge as a soil additive.     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines I. Determination of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Summary Using a new analytical technique, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), 51 red and rose wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were measured for the following 14 elements: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Among these elements the most abundant were Si with an average value of 19.60 mg/l, Fe 5.87 mg/l, B 5.19 mg/l, Al 2.13 mg/l and Mn 1.40 mg/l; Cu, Zn and Sn were present in average quantities between 0.10 and 1.00 mg/l; the remaining elements had average concentrations below 0.10 mg/l.

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Gehalt an Spurenelementen in einigen D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien I. Quantitative Bestimmung von B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb durch ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie

Zusammeufassung Unter Anwendung emer neuen analytischen Methode, ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie, wurden in 51 Rot- und Rosé-D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien, die folgenden 14 Elemente bestimmt: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Unter diesen Elementen sind Si mit einem Mittelwert von 19,60 mg/l, Fe mit 5,87 mg/l, B mit 5,19 mg/l, Al mit 2,13 mg/l und Mn mit 1,40 mg/1 die häufigsten. Die mittleren Konzentrationswerte für Cu, Zn und Sn liegen zwischen 0,10 und 1,00 mg/l; während die der restlichen Elemente unter 0,10 mg/l sind.

     

河北烤烟中11种微量元素含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定河北省石家庄、保定、蔚县3个烤烟主产区不同部位烟叶样品中11种微量元素(Cr,Co,Ni,Se,Mn,Zn,Cu,As,Cd,Pb,Hg)含量.结果表明:烤烟中微量元素含量呈现地域性差异,Mn,Cu,Zn,As和Pb含量差别较大;不同部位烤烟中各微量元素含量呈现规律性分布,Cu在中、上部叶片含量较高,其余微量元素在下部叶含量较高;Mn在测定的元素中含量最高,具有潜在生理毒性的Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Hg,As含量较低,均达到无公害烟叶生产示范区水平.     

ICP-MS法同时测定食品中9种人体必需微量过渡元素

本文叙述应用ICP-MS法同时测定食品中9种人体必需微量过渡元素(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Mo)的测定方法。采用以Rh作内标的外部校正形式。用微波消解样品。对照分析了参考标准物质。对于所有元素,校正曲线的相关系数为0.9990,回收率范围为90.2%～106%,相对标准偏差0.4%～4.4%(n=11)。     

Trace metal concentrations in Mediterranean blue mussel and surface sediments and evaluation of the mussels quality and possible risks of high human consumption

The concentrations of trace metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co and Cr) were determined for the first time in Mediterranean blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and surface sediments. The mussel and sediment samples were collected from five sites on the Montenegrin coastal area (southeastern Adriatic Sea) in the fall of 2005 and 2006. The collected samples were digested with a microwave digestion system. The maximum Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co and Cr mean concentrations in the mussel samples were 603.0, 345.0, 85.0, 18.9, 17.2, 9.1 and 4.2 mg/kg of sample dry weight, respectively. The maximum Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Co concentrations in the sediment samples were 40867, 943.0, 382.0, 336.0, 67.2, 24.8 and 16.9 mg/kg of sample dry weight, respectively. A correlation between the metal levels found in the mussel soft tissues with those found in sediments, for both 2005 and 2006, could be established, except for the levels of Zn observed.     

Determination of 20 trace elements in fish and other seafood from the French market

The levels of 20 essential or toxic trace elements in 159 fish, other seafood and seafood products on the French coastal market collected between January and April 2005 were measured by ICP-MS. The concentration ranges (mg/kg of fresh mass) for the elements determined were compared with previous studies. The contents of Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Se, Zn and Pb found in fish are close to or often lower than previous studies. For other seafood, comparison is difficult due to the lack of data on a more global scale. However, it should be noted that the contents of Ag were found considerably higher in this study.     

Mineral Composition of Fresh and Cured Jellyfish

The inorganic constituents of fresh and cured jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum), including Zn, Co, Ni, Ba, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Al, Sr, Mo, Cr, Cd, Pb, Si, V, Ti, Na, K, Li, and Rb, were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The fresh and cured jellyfish were treated by lyophilization and microwave digestion in turn. Zn, Co, Fe, Mg, Ca, Al, Sr, Cr, Li, and K were used as the added standards to evaluate accuracy. The results show that different parts of jellyfish, such as the umbrella, oral arms, and gonads, contain different amounts of inorganic elements. The relative standard deviation values (RSD) of all elements range from 0.8% to 8.6%. For most of determined elements, RSD values are under 5%. All inorganic elements of the jellyfish can be determined simultaneously after once dissolution. The method is accurate, rapid, and convenient to determine inorganic constituents of the biological sample containing high water content.     

Toxic and micronutrient elements in organic,brown and polished rice in Brazil

Concentration levels of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, Sn, Sb Co, Cu, Mn, Se, Zn, Cr, Ni and Mo in different types of rice cultivated in irrigated fields in Brazil were evaluated. Arsenic, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu were found in higher concentrations in brown rice samples, suggesting the prevalence of these elements in the bran. Meanwhile, lower concentrations of Pb, Mo, Cr, Se and Co were found in parboiled rice. Organic rice did not differ of cultivated conventionally rice. Thallium, Hg and Sb were not detected in any rice sample whose limits of detection were 0.7 μg kg^?1, 2.5 μg kg^?1 and 8 μg kg^?1, respectively. The concentrations of the investigated elements were compared with those reported for polished rice and brown rice from other countries, unveiling concentrations in general at the same level for rice produced at non-contaminated sites.     

Trace mineral content of conventional,organic and courtyard eggs analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

We investigated the contents in yolk and albumen of the trace minerals Se, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Tl, As and Cd in eggs from hens from three husbandry systems by ICP-MS. Conventional hens were given a commercial feed with added minerals, organic hens were given a feed based on organic feedstuffs also with added minerals, and courtyard hens were fed on cereals, legumes, grass and swill. Dietary Se, Zn, Mn, Co and Cu concentrations were lower in courtyard compared to conventional and organic diets; Cr concentration was highest in courtyard compared to organic diet. Trace element contents in yolks were higher than those in albumen. The highest content of Se in yolks was in organic, followed by conventional eggs. Zn contents were highest in courtyard yolk, followed by conventional, which in turn was higher than organic. Mn yolk contents were lowest in courtyard eggs; Cr contents were highest in courtyard eggs. The differences in albumen were in Zn and Cr values, which were highest in courtyard eggs. Τhe results provide baseline measurements of trace mineral contents of eggs and suggest measurable differences amongst eggs from hens in different husbandry systems; the physiological significance of these differences are discussed.