心内科护理安全管理指标体系的构建

目的构建心内科护理安全管理指标体系,促进心内科护理安全的持续改进。方法通过文献回顾法、质性访谈法(8名访谈对象)、德尔菲专家函询法(17名专家)及层次分析法,筛选指标并确定指标权重,构建心内科护理安全管理指标体系。结果两轮函询问卷回收率100%、88.24%,专家的权威系数为0.903、0.900,协调系数分别为0.278、0.293(均P0.01);构建的心内科护理安全管理指标体系包括6项一级指标(即护理人员因素、患者因素、照护者因素、环境因素、组织因素和方法因素),16项二级指标和59项三级指标。结论构建的心内科护理安全管理指标体系具有较高的可靠性,经进一步验证后可作为心内科护理安全评价工具。     

Development of an index system for evaluating caring capacity of nurses based on Confucianism

目的 构建基于儒家思想的护理人文关怀能力评价指标体系(下称评价指标体系),用于评价中国护理人员的人文关怀能力.方法 拟定3项一级指标、8项二级指标及75项三级指标的“评价指标体系”咨询表,采用Delphi法对分布于临床护理、护理管理、护理教育及医学人文教育领域的30名国内外专家进行3轮咨询,采用层次分析法确定权重.结果 获得包含4项一级指标、8项二级指标和59项三级指标的评价指标体系;专家积极系数为93.3％～100％,权威系数为0.86,第2、3轮调查肯德尔协调系数为0.358、0.335,集中度好.结论 评价指标体系与中国文化紧密结合,具有客观、系统、可操作的特点,可用于护理人员人文关怀能力的自我定性评价.     

Construction of a performance evaluation index system for nursing units

目的 构建护理单元绩效考核指标体系,以便探索科学有效的护理管理模式,提高管理效应,激发护理人员的工作积极性.方法 由课题组成员初步构建护理单元绩效考核指标体系草案,采用Delphi法对20名专家进行3轮咨询,采取层次分析法对各指标的权重进行定量和定性分析.结果 获得包括3个一级指标、10个二级指标及89个三级指标的护理单元绩效考核指标体系;专家权威系数、判断系数、熟悉程度均为0.87;专家积极性为90％～100％;一级指标、二级指标的协调系数分别为0.42、0.37(均P＜0.01).结论 护理单元绩效考核指标体系的构成合理,可信度高,可用于护理单元工作绩效的评定.     

护理专业硕士研究生核心能力指标体系的构建

目的 构建护理专业硕士研究生核心能力指标体系,为推动我国护理专业研究生教育的发展提供参考.方法 在查阅文献、小组讨论的基础上初步构建护理研究生核心能力框架,采用Delphi专家咨询法对各指标进行筛选,经过两轮咨询各专家意见趋于一致.结果 两轮咨询问卷有效回收率为93.75％、95.56％;专家权威系数分别为0.82、0.87;一、二级指标变异系数分别为0.072～0.165、0.077～0.204;一、二级指标的协调系数分别为0.28、0.21(均P＜0.01).最终确定包含临床实践能力、评判性思维能力、临床科研能力、专业发展能力等8个一级指标,24个二级指标的护理专业硕士研究生核心能力评价指标体系.结论 该指标体系的构建更注重临床护理科研能力,可作为护理硕士研究生核心能力的考核评价工具.     

住院患者肠造口护理质量敏感性指标体系的构建

目的 构建住院患者肠造口护理质量敏感性指标体系，为住院患者肠造口护理管理提供监测依据。方法 基于循证和小组讨论法，拟订肠造口护理质量敏感性指标初级条目池；通过2轮专家函询，修订并确立住院患者肠造口护理质量敏感性指标体系。结果 2轮函询专家积极系数均为100%，权威系数为0.898与0.908，协调系数为0.189～0.239与0.215～0.258（均P＜0.05）。构建的住院患者肠造口护理质量敏感性指标体系包含3项一级指标、6项二级指标、22项三级指标。结论 构建的住院患者肠造口护理质量敏感性指标体系严谨、全面，可用于住院患者肠造口护理质量管理。     

基于儒家思想的护理人文关怀能力评价指标体系研究

目的构建基于儒家思想的护理人文关怀能力评价指标体系(下称评价指标体系),用于评价中国护理人员的人文关怀能力。方法拟定3项一级指标、8项二级指标及75项三级指标的"评价指标体系"咨询表,采用Delphi法对分布于临床护理、护理管理、护理教育及医学人文教育领域的30名国内外专家进行3轮咨询,采用层次分析法确定权重。结果获得包含4项一级指标、8项二级指标和59项三级指标的评价指标体系;专家积极系数为93.3%～100%,权威系数为0.86,第2、3轮调查肯德尔协调系数为0.358、0.335,集中度好。结论评价指标体系与中国文化紧密结合,具有客观、系统、可操作的特点,可用于护理人员人文关怀能力的自我定性评价。     

ICU护理安全管理评价体系的构建

目的构建科学、有效的ICU护理安全管理评价体系,为ICU安全管理提供评价工具。方法研究小组初步拟定ICU护理安全管理评价体系,采用德尔菲法对45名专家进行3轮函询,对指标进行筛选和论证。结果最终形成的ICU护理安全管理评价体系有3个一级指标(安全氛围、理念支持、行为支持)、11个二级指标(领导能力、职业防护、人力配备、临床实践、感染控制等)、42个三级指标,三级指标的重要性评分3.02~4.97,专家权威程度分别为0.81、0.83、0.87,专家意见的协调程度系数为0.48。结论专家对指标评价结果的意见一致程度均较高,显示指标体系的可信度较高,可作为ICU护理安全管理的评价工具。     

本科生护理基本技能评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建一套科学、合理、实用的本科生护理基本技能评价指标体系.方法 采用文献资料法、理论分析法、德尔斐法初步构建本科生护理基本技能评价体系,通过3轮专家咨询和论证确定评价指标及各指标权重.结果 确立一级指标4项、二级指标11项及其权重,4项一级指标、11项二级指标的协调系数分别为0.905、0.913.结论 专家对评价指标权重赋值意见协调程度好、可信度较高,可用于对本科生的护理基本技能进行综合评价.     

糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系,为糖尿病护理质量提供评价工具。方法以Donabedian结构-过程-结果模式为理论框架,通过文献研究、专家会议法、德尔菲专家咨询法、层次分析法,构建糖尿病护理质量评价指标体系和各指标权重。结果 2轮专家咨询的专家积极程度分别为93.75%和100%,专家权威程度系数为0.95,2轮专家咨询后各项指标变异系数0～0.110,协调系数0.143～0.295。最终形成3个一级指标、10个二级指标和46个三级指标的评价体系。结论糖尿病住院患者护理质量评价指标体系可靠,有较好的适用性,进一步验证后可作为糖尿病护理质量评价工具。     

输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系，为评价延续护理质量提供工具。 方法 以三维质量结构模式为理论框架，采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈、2轮专家函询及层次分析法，确立输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系及各级指标权重。 结果 2轮专家函询问卷有效回收率为95.83%、100%，专家权威系数为0.900、0.909，肯德尔和谐系数为0.161~0.217（均P＜0.05）。最终确立输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系，包括3项一级指标，13项二级指标，54项三级指标。各级指标权重一致性检验系数均＜0.1。 结论 输尿管皮肤造口患者延续护理质量评价指标体系具有较好的专家认可度，可进一步开展临床验证研究。     

Spinal Cord Injury and Aging: Exploring the Unknown

ABSTRACT

We conducted a retrospective case-control study of falls over a four year period on a 30 bed neurorehabilitation unit at the Burke Rehabilitation Hospital to characterize the nature of falls and identify factors associated with falling. The most common diagnoses treated on the unit were traumatic spinal cord injury, brain injury, and multiple sclerosis; stroke patients are treated on another service. Falls represented 72 percent of all incident reports made to the Nursing Office during the study period. One hundred seventeen (117) falls occurred in 82 patients during a time when the unit census was 28,622 patient days, yielding a rate of 1,439 falls per 1,000 patient years. One hundred fourteen (114) patients admitted with no history of falling during the same period were selected randomly for comparison. Most falls were associated with no injury (n=96) or minor injury (n=18). The most significant injuries occurred in three cases with lacerations requiring sutures. Falls occurred with greatest frequency during the first and fourth quartiles of the hospital stay, during the evening and while bed transfers were being performed. No association between falling and patient age, sex, diagnosis, number of medications, use of sedating medications, presence of motor, visual or cognitive impairment or orthostatic hypotension was evident. An increased risk of falling was associated with physician orders for Posey restraints. The implication of these findings for falls prevention programs is discussed. (J Am Paraplegia Soc: 17; 179–182)     

住院老年患者跌倒警觉度现状及影响因素研究

目的 了解住院老年患者跌倒警觉度状况，并分析其影响因素，为制定针对性跌倒预防措施提供借鉴。方法 采用便利抽样法选取782例住院老年患者为调查对象，使用一般资料调查表、Morse跌倒评估表、Barthel指数、跌倒警觉度量表进行调查。结果 有效调查住院老年患者695例，住院老年患者跌倒警觉度得分为(62.67±12.34)分。多元线性回归结果显示，自理能力、是否害怕跌倒及知晓治疗用药易致跌倒是患者跌倒警觉度的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 住院老年患者跌倒警觉度较高，护理人员应结合患者跌倒警觉程度及影响因素，进行个性化的健康教育和安全指导，预防跌倒发生。     

Hip fractures after falls in hospital: A retrospective observational cohort study

Objectives

To compare the prevalence and characteristics of hip fractures sustained after inpatient falls (hospital subgroup) to those presenting with a fall in the community (control group).

Design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Participants

5879 hip fractures occurred over an 8-year period, 327 of these took place after a fall as a hospital inpatient.

Outcome measures

Comparison of 30-day and 1 year mortality, co-morbidities, length of post-fracture hospital stay, specific complication rates and cognitive function between the hospital and control group. Other specific data on those falling in hospital was also collected.

Results

There were significantly higher rates (p < 0.001) of cerebrovascular, chronic obstructive airways and renal disease, diabetes, malignancy and polypharmacy in patients suffering falls in hospital. Mini-mental test scores (MTS) were also significantly reduced in this subgroup (p < 0.001). 30-day and 1 year mortality rates were 9% and 26%, respectively in the control group and almost double this in the hospital subgroup, being 18% and 47%, respectively (30 days, 95% CI 2.00 (1.54-2.60): p < 0.001; 1 year, 95% CI 2.04 (1.73-2.40): p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between post-operative complications or length of stay post-fracture. 55% of falls in hospital took place on medical/geriatric wards with an additional 14% occurring on psychiatric units.

Discussion

Patients suffering hip fractures after falls in hospital are frailer with impaired cognitive function and have more co-morbidities than those suffering a fracture in the community. These patients have increased mortality, with almost 50% dead within 1 year of the fall. The majority of hip fractures after falls occur in medical or geriatric wards, but the highest risk group appears to be elderly patients on psychiatric wards. Therefore, falls risk assessment and falls prevention schemes in hospital elderly patients are of paramount importance.     

Danger at every rung: Epidemiology and outcomes of ICU-admitted ladder-related trauma

IntroductionThe incidence of ladder-related falls is increasing, and this represents a disturbing trend, particularly in the context of increased life expectancy and the impending retirement of the populous ‘baby-boomer’ generation. To date, there have been no critical illness-focused studies reporting on the incidence, severity and outcomes of severe ladder-related injuries requiring ICU management.MethodsMajor trauma patients admitted to ICU over a 5 year period to June 2011 after ladder falls >1 m were identified from prospectively collected trauma data at a Level 1 trauma service. Demographic and ICU clinical management data were collected and non-parametric statistical analyses were used to explore the relationships between variables in hospital mortality/survival.ResultsThere were 584 ladder fall admissions, including 194 major trauma cases, of whom 29.9% (n = 58) fell >1 m and were admitted to ICU. Hospital mortality was 26%, and fatal cases were almost entirely older males in domestic falls of ≤3 m who died as a result of traumatic brain injury. Non-survivors had lower GCS at the scene (p = 0.02), higher AIS head code (p = 0.01), higher heart rate and lower mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01) in the initial 24 h period in ICU, and were ≥55 years of age (p = 0.05). Only 46% of patients available for follow-up were living at home at 12 months without requiring additional care.ConclusionsThe incidence of ladder falls requiring ICU management is increasing, and severe traumatic brain injury was responsible for the majority of deaths and for poor outcomes in survivors. In-hospital costs attributable to the care of these patients are high, and fewer than half were living independently at home at 12 months post-fall. A concerted public health campaign is required to alert the community to the potential consequences of this mechanism of injury. The use of helmets for ladder users in domestic settings, where occupational health and safety regulations are less likely to be applied, is strongly recommended to mitigate the risk of severe brain injury. The benefits of this simple strategy far outweigh any mild inconvenience for the wearer, and may prevent catastrophic injury.     

Frequency of fall-related injuries of female patients referred to the trauma center in the city of Kashan from years 2005 to 2008

Objective:Falls are one of the life events leading to injury and in serious cases cause high morbidity and mortality.This research was conducted to determine the fall incidence among female population ...     

A brief fall prevention intervention for manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries: A pilot study

Objective: To conduct a pilot study of an intervention to decrease fall incidence and concerns about falling among individuals living with Spinal Cord Injury who use manual wheelchairs full-time.

Design: Pre/post. After a baseline assessment, a structured intervention was implemented. The assessment protocol was repeated 12 weeks after the baseline assessment.

Setting: Research laboratory and community.

Participants: 18 individuals living with SCI who use a manual wheelchair full-time with an average age of 35.78?±?13.89 years, lived with SCI for 17.06?±?14.6 years; 61.1% were female.

Intervention: A 1:1, 45 minute, in-person intervention focused on factors associated with falls and concerns about falling: transfers skills and seated postural control.

Outcome measures: Participants reported fall incidence and completed the Spinal Cord Injury Fall Concerns Scale, Community Participation Indicators and the World Health Organization Quality of Life – short version (WHOQOL-BREF). Transfer quality was assessed with the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI) and seated postural control with the Function In Seating Test (FIST).

Results: Recruitment, assessment and delivery of the intervention were successfully completed. After exposure to the intervention, fall incidence significantly decreased, (P?=?0.047, d_{z ?}=?0.507) and FIST scores improved (P?=?0.035, d_z? =?0.54). Significant improvements were also found in the WHOQOL-BREF Physical (P?=?0.05, d_{z ?}=?1.566) and Psychological (P?=?0.040, d_{z ?}=?0.760) domains.

Conclusion: The feasibility of the structured intervention was established and the intervention has the potential to reduce fall incidence and improve quality of life among individuals living with SCI who use a wheelchair. Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials of the program are warranted.     

Stair falls: caregiver’s “missed step” as a source of childhood fractures

Background

The purpose of this study was to describe fractures sustained by children and to analyze the associated costs when a caretaker falls down stairs while holding a child.

Materials and methods

Between 2004 and 2012, 16 children who sustained a fracture after a fall down stairs while being carried by a caregiver were identified. Parents/caregivers were interviewed to see how the fall occurred, and a cost analysis was performed.

Results

The average age of the patients was 14.5 months (7–51 months). The lower extremity was involved in 15 of 16 fractures, with 8 involving the femur. The majority were buckle fractures, but all diaphyseal femur fractures were spiral. Three patients required a reduction in the operating room. All fractures healed with cast immobilization. Five patients underwent skeletal surveys, as the treating physicians were concerned about potential child abuse. The average cost of treatment was $6785 (range $948–45,876). Detailed histories from the caregivers showed that they “missed a step” due to the child being carried in front of the caregiver, obscuring their vision.

Conclusions

A fall in a caregiver’s arms while going down stairs can result in multiple orthopedic injuries. The costs of treating these injuries are not insignificant, and the suspicion of child abuse can be both costly and unnecessary in the case of a true accident. While descending the stairs with a child in their arms, the caregiver should hold the child to the side so as not to obscure their vision of the step with one arm, ideally holding the handrail with the other.

Level of evidence

IV case series.