大豆下胚轴不定芽对卡那霉素和氯化钠耐性的研究

为探讨不同基因型大豆对卡那霉素和NaCl的耐性,以大豆黑农44、合丰35和淮豆9号的下胚轴为外植体,分别研究了不同浓度的卡那霉素和NaCl对不同基因型大豆下胚轴不定芽形成的影响.结果表明:大豆不同基因型对卡那霉素和NaCl的耐受性不同,且在伸长培养42 d时随卡那霉素和NaCl浓度的增加,不定芽诱导率、芽数和芽长均显著降低;黑农44、合丰35和淮豆9号卡那霉素的筛选浓度分别为100,150,100 mg·L-1,NaCl的筛选浓度分别为100,100,75 mmol· L-1.     

适于子叶节和胚尖再生体系的大豆基因型筛选

以吉育91等6个基因型大豆的子叶节和胚尖为外植体,研究了大豆不同基因型在子叶节、胚尖2个再生体系中的不定芽诱导率、不定芽伸长率和不定芽数。结果表明:基因型对大豆不同再生体系的再生有显著影响,合丰35和合丰25在子叶节体系中的不定芽诱导率和伸长率均高于胚尖体系,而黑农37的不定芽诱导率和伸长率在胚尖体系高于子叶节体系。不同基因型适合的大豆再生体系不同,合丰35、合丰25和绥农14适合选用子叶节再生体系,黑农37更适合选用胚尖再生体系,而吉育91和北京小粒豆则既可以选择子叶节再生体系又可选择胚尖再生体系。     

大豆子叶节对潮霉素敏感性研究

标记基因的利用是筛选和鉴定转基因植株的有效方法,使用潮霉素能抑制植物的生长.选用3个基因型大豆为材料,以褐化率、分化率为指标,研究了不同质量浓度潮霉素对大豆子叶节分化和丛生芽生根的影响.结果表明不同基因型大豆对潮霉素的敏感性不同,潮霉素对大豆子叶节适宜筛选浓度黑农35为6 mg·L-1、合丰35和合丰25为4 mg·L-1;丛生芽生根筛选浓度黑农35为2 mg·L-1、合丰35和合丰25为1 mg·L-1.     

大豆子叶节、胚尖再生植株的研究

为了获得高效的大豆再生体系,以大豆品种合丰35和北京小黑豆的成熟种子为材料,利用氯气和升汞两种消毒方法,研究不同浓度6-BA和2,4-D对子叶节和茎出芽的影响.结果表明:在大豆萌发时,加入1.0 mg L-1 6-BA和2.0 mg L-2,4-D,每个外植体分化的芽数较高;在茎尖再生系统中,6-BA和2,4-D诱导茎尖不定芽形成的最佳浓度是3.0 mg L-1和3.5 mg L-1,最佳诱导时间是24-48 h.     

大豆胚尖再生体系的优化及与子叶节再生体系的比较

研究了浸种时间、诱导时间、6-BA浓度3个因素对吉育91胚尖不定芽诱导的影响,并将优化的胚尖再生体系与子叶节再生体系进行比较。结果表明,浸种24 h最适宜胚尖不定芽的形成,不定芽诱导率可达到85.1%,平均芽数可达到4.9个;诱导培养48 h时不定芽诱导率及平均芽数较高,分别为84.2%和5.3个;诱导培养基中6-BA浓度为2.0～3.0 mg.L-1时,不定芽诱导及伸长状况最佳。除了生根率差异不显著外,吉育91胚尖再生体系在再生能力与培养周期上均显著优于子叶节再生体系,因此更适合作为遗传转化的受体材料。     

大豆新品系黑农56子叶节再生体系的优化

为获得高效的大豆再生体系,选用大豆新品系黑农56子叶节进行了组织培养的研究,确定黑农56最适的萌发培养基与芽诱导培养基激素浓度.即萌发培养基为不含6-BA的MS培养基;芽诱导培养基添加6-BA和IBA的浓度分别为2.0 mg·L-1,0.2 mg·L-1的B5培养基.并确定黑农56的草铵膦选择压力为4 mg·L-1.     

6-BA浓度及基因型对大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林35、吉林47等5个大豆品种为材料,胚尖为外植体,研究不同浓度6-BA对丛生芽诱芽率和平均芽数的影响,同时测定吉林35在胚尖诱导丛生芽的过程中对潮霉素的耐受性.结果表明:3.0 mg·L<,-1>6-BA浓度下吉林35的诱芽率最高,综合考虑丛生芽诱芽率和平均芽数2个性状,吉林35更加适合于大豆胚尖再生系统;在遗传...     

菜用大豆高效胚尖离体再生基因型筛选

以华东地区4个主栽菜用大豆品种(交大05-133、交大02-89、沪宁96-10、青酥二号)的胚尖为起始外植体,研究消毒方法、预培养天数、6-BA浓度和培养基组合等对不定芽的诱导和伸长的影响。结果表明:用0.1%HgCl2消毒10 min后配合5%的NaClO消毒5 min,消毒效果最佳,胚尖活力好,且适用于各个品种;预培养时间为2 d,6-BA浓度为3.0 mg.L-1,有利于菜用大豆不定芽的诱导;1.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1NAA培养基组合有利于增加有效不定芽数;0.05 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1IBA培养基组合有利于不定芽的伸长;交大05-133为最佳胚尖离体再生基因型,其分化频率为90.86%,诱导15 d后外植体平均不定芽数为4.65个,不定芽平均长度为1.38 cm。     

6-BA和IBA浓度对不同基因型大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林17,吉林27,吉林28和吉林29共4种大豆基因型胚尖为外植体诱导丛生芽,研究了不同浓度的六苄基嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对胚尖再生率的影响.结果表明:不同基因型大豆在不同激素浓度配比下再生率存在明显差异.吉林28和吉林29更适合大豆胚尖再生系统,其最佳激素配比均为2.0 mg·L-16-BA +0.2 mg·L-1IBA,再生率为分别达78.17％和80.04％.     

大豆品种吉林35胚尖再生体系的建立及对农杆菌的敏感性

为建立一个简便、高效、稳定的大豆胚尖再生体系,以吉林35为材料,胚尖为外植体,研究氯气、升汞、酒精3种消毒方法对不定芽出芽率的影响和6-BA对不定芽再生率的影响。同时,为检测吉林35的农杆菌易感性,对平安8、东农42、吉林47和吉林35四个大豆品种进行gus基因组织化学染色。研究表明,酒精消毒法对种子伤害较小,可以保证较高的出芽率。6-BA对不定芽再生作用显著,单独使用或配合IBA使用均可获得较高的再生率。gus基因组织化学染色结果表明吉林35的农杆菌易感性强,明显优于其它品种。吉林35胚尖外植体再生率较高且对农杆菌较敏感,是遗传转化良好的受体材料。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.