软计算与硬计算融合的含油气性识别

随着油气勘探领域的不断扩大,测井解释面临的研究对象也越来越复杂,传统的单一基于硬计算或软计算的方法在测井解释中面临严格挑战。提出软计算与硬计算融合的4种模式。运用软计算与硬计算融合的分离模式对某油田Oilsk81、Oilsk83、Oilsk85三口井进行含油气性模式识别,比较结果表明,在这个油区运用软计算方法对含油气性进行模式识别优于硬计算,并且可以识别出较好的测井数据集。     

软计算融合技术研究

软计算是求近似而非精确解的有效计算方法,已经在众多领域得到应用,取得了很好的效果。然而,每个软计算方法具有鲜明的特色和迥异的侧重点,在实际应用中存在一些不足,将软计算方法进行融合,优势互补,是促进软计算发展的关键技术之一。文中简要介绍了软计算发展概况,结合粗糙集、神经网络、模糊逻辑、遗传算法、人工免疫算法等软计算方法,详细分析了软计算融合技术的现状及分类,指出了该领域面临的缺乏理论基础、设计原则、定量评价等主要问题及其发展趋势。     

Soft computing in engineering design - A review

The present paper surveys the application of soft computing (SC) techniques in engineering design. Within this context, fuzzy logic (FL), genetic algorithms (GA) and artificial neural networks (ANN), as well as their fusion are reviewed in order to examine the capability of soft computing methods and techniques to effectively address various hard-to-solve design tasks and issues. Both these tasks and issues are studied in the first part of the paper accompanied by references to some results extracted from a survey performed for in some industrial enterprises. The second part of the paper makes an extensive review of the literature regarding the application of soft computing (SC) techniques in engineering design. Although this review cannot be collectively exhaustive, it may be considered as a valuable guide for researchers who are interested in the domain of engineering design and wish to explore the opportunities offered by fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms for further improvement of both the design outcome and the design process itself. An arithmetic method is used in order to evaluate the review results, to locate the research areas where SC has already given considerable results and to reveal new research opportunities.     

Human centricity and information granularity in the agenda of theories and applications of soft computing

Soft computing is an interdisciplinary area that focuses on the design of intelligent systems to process uncertain, imprecise and incomplete information. It mainly builds on fuzzy sets theory, fuzzy logic, neural computing, optimization, evolutionary algorithms, and approximate reasoning et al. Information granularity is in general regarded as a crucial design asset, which helps establish a better rapport of the resulting granular model with the system under modeling. Human centricity is an inherent property of people's view on a system, a process, a machine or a model. Information granularity can be used to reflect people's level of uncertainty and this makes its pivotal role in soft computing. Indeed, the concept of information granularity facilitates the development of theory and application of soft computing immensely. A number of papers pertaining to some recent advances in theoretical development and practical application of information granularity in soft computing are highlighted in this special issue. The main objective of this study is to collect as many as possible researches on human centricity and information granularity in the agenda of theories and applications of soft computing, review the main idea of these literatures, compare the advantages and disadvantages of their methods and try to find the relationships and relevance of these theories and applications.     

DNA计算研究的现状与展望

最近,采用ＤＮＡ计算的可能性引起了人们的广泛兴趣。本文在简要介绍ＤＮＡ是之后,探讨了ＤＮＡ计算及其模型,并将其与遗传算法、模糊控制、神经网络、混沌系统等软件计算技术进行集成,指出了ＤＮＡ计算的优点及目前存在的问题。最后我们对它们的前景进行展望。     

An appraisal and design of a multi-agent system based cooperative wireless intrusion detection computational intelligence technique

The deployment of wireless sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc networks in applications such as emergency services, warfare and health monitoring poses the threat of various cyber hazards, intrusions and attacks as a consequence of these networks’ openness. Among the most significant research difficulties in such networks safety is intrusion detection, whose target is to distinguish between misuse and abnormal behavior so as to ensure secure, reliable network operations and services. Intrusion detection is best delivered by multi-agent system technologies and advanced computing techniques. To date, diverse soft computing and machine learning techniques in terms of computational intelligence have been utilized to create Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS), yet the literature does not report any state-of-the-art reviews investigating the performance and consequences of such techniques solving wireless environment intrusion recognition issues as they gain entry into cloud computing. The principal contribution of this paper is a review and categorization of existing IDPS schemes in terms of traditional artificial computational intelligence with a multi-agent support. The significance of the techniques and methodologies and their performance and limitations are additionally analyzed in this study, and the limitations are addressed as challenges to obtain a set of requirements for IDPS in establishing a collaborative-based wireless IDPS (Co-WIDPS) architectural design. It amalgamates a fuzzy reinforcement learning knowledge management by creating a far superior technological platform that is far more accurate in detecting attacks. In conclusion, we elaborate on several key future research topics with the potential to accelerate the progress and deployment of computational intelligence based Co-WIDPSs.     

Opposition versus randomness in soft computing techniques

For many soft computing methods, we need to generate random numbers to use either as initial estimates or during the learning and search process. Recently, results for evolutionary algorithms, reinforcement learning and neural networks have been reported which indicate that the simultaneous consideration of randomness and opposition is more advantageous than pure randomness. This new scheme, called opposition-based learning, has the apparent effect of accelerating soft computing algorithms. This paper mathematically and also experimentally proves this advantage and, as an application, applies that to accelerate differential evolution (DE). By taking advantage of random numbers and their opposites, the optimization, search or learning process in many soft computing techniques can be accelerated when there is no a priori knowledge about the solution. The mathematical proofs and the results of conducted experiments confirm each other.     

基于粒度计算的光纤智能结构监测

对智能材料的监测需要智能系统对各种不同来源的知识、技术和方法进行组合。设计这类智能系统的核心就是软计算。粒度计算是软计算科学中的重要分支,是一种计算智能系统的新方法。将粒度计算方法应用在光纤智能结构的监测中,并与神经网络方法进行比较。实验表明:在分类性能上,粒度计算方法在光纤智能结构监测中的应用优于神经网络处理方法。     

软计算方法在数据挖掘中的应用

对数据挖掘和软计算方法做了一个综合性的阐述,分析了模糊逻辑、神经网络、神经一模糊、遗传算法、粗糙集和混合方法等不同软计算方法的特点,尤其是对模糊逻辑软计算方法进行了更多的探讨,并结合软计算方法在数据挖掘中的应用现状,指出了数据挖掘面临的挑战和软计算方法的应用前景。     

粒度计算研究综述

粒度计算GrC（Granular Computing）是信息处理的一种新的概念和计算范式,覆盖了所有有关粒度的理论、方法、技术和工具的研究.它是词计算理论、粗糙集理论、商空间理论、区间计算等的超集,也是软计算科学的一个分支,已成为模糊的、不完整的、不精确的及海量的信息处理的重要工具和人工智能研究领域的热点之一.本文综述了粒度计算的发展动机、研究现状及发展趋势,着重介绍了粒度计算的主要理论模型与方法及其在不同领域的应用,对存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了进一步研究的方向.     

粗糙BP网络在葡萄病害分类中的应用

粗糙集无需提供问题所需处理的数据集合之外的任何先验信息,是一种通过知识约简,消除冗余数据的软计算方法;BP神经网络是一种通过自身的学习机制自动形成所要求的决策区域技术.综合了粗糙集和BP神经网络的各自优势,构建了一种新颖的葡萄病害分类模型.测试结果表明,所建模型对葡萄病害分类是行之有效的.     

Cooperative spectrum sensing based on stochastic resonance in cognitive radio networks

A new censoring cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on stochastic resonance(SR)technique in cognitive radio(CR)network is proposed in this paper.The observations of the cooperative secondary users(SUs)whose statistics fall into the censoring interval are processed by SR system in the proposed scheme.The hard fusion and the soft fusion for the censoring cooperative spectrum sensing scheme are analyzed respectively.Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the proposed censoring cooperative spectrum sensing scheme has the same detection performance as and lower computational complexity than the method that each cooperative SU performs spectrum sensing using SR-based energy detection,and its detection performance is superior to that of the conventional method that all the cooperative SUs perform spectrum sensing using energy detection in hard fusion.In soft fusion,the proposed censoring cooperative spectrum sensing based on equal gain combination can achieve the optimal sensing performance approximately.     

Fusion of learning automata theory and granular inference systems: ANLAGIS. Applications to pattern recognition and machine learning

In this paper the fusion of artificial neural networks, granular computing and learning automata theory is proposed and we present as a final result ANLAGIS, an adaptive neuron-like network based on learning automata and granular inference systems. ANLAGIS can be applied to both pattern recognition and learning control problems. Another interesting contribution of this paper is the distinction between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic learning in artificial neural networks. To illustrate the capabilities of ANLAGIS some experiments on knowledge discovery in data mining and machine learning are presented. The main, novel contribution of ANLAGIS is the incorporation of Learning Automata Theory within its structure; the paper includes also a novel learning scheme for stochastic learning automata.     

一种基于特征重要度的文本分类特征加权方法

针对文本分类中的特征加权问题,提出了一种基于特征重要度的特征加权方法.该方法基于实数粗糙集理论,通过定义特征重要度,将特征对分类的决策信息引入到特征权重中.然后,在标准文本数据集Reuters-21578 Top10和WebKB上进行了实验.结果表明,该方法能改善样本空间的分布状态,使同类样本更加紧凑,异类样本更加松散,从而简化从样本到类别的映射关系.最后,使用Nave Bayes,kNN和SVM分类器在上述数据集上对该方法进行了实验.结果表明,该方法能提高分类的准确率、召回率和F1值.     

Fuzzy neural networks for intelligent design retrieval using associative manufacturing features

In the conceptual design stage, designers usually initiate a design concept through an association activity. The activity helps designers collect and retrieve reference information regarding a current design subject instead of starting from scratch. By modifying previous designs, designers can create a new design in a much shorter time. To computerize this process, this paper proposes an intelligent design retrieval system involving soft computing techniques for both feature and object association functions. A feature association method that utilizes fuzzy relation and fuzzy composition is developed to increase the searching spectrum. In the mean time, object association functions composed by a fuzzy neural network allow designers to control the similarity of retrieved designs. Our implementation result shows that the intelligent design retrieval system with two soft computing based association functions can retrieve target reference designs as expected.     

认知无线电中一种改进的两步协作感知算法

针对同时使用硬合并和软合并的两步协作频谱感知方法在第二步的软融合时仍需向融合中心发送大量不必要数据的问题,引入了接收信噪比估计,提出了一种改进的两步协作感知算法。改进算法在低信噪比情况下使用传统的两步协作检测提升检测性能,在较高信噪比情况下则采用硬融合策略来减少发往融合中心的信息量。仿真结果表明,改进算法和传统的两步协作检测算法相比,能在几乎不损失检测性能的情况下,显著减少不必要的数据传送。     

Covering-based rough set classification system

Medical data classification is applied in intelligent medical decision support system to classify diseases into different categories. Several classification methods are commonly used in various healthcare settings. These techniques are fit for enhancing the nature of prediction, initial identification of sicknesses and disease classification. The categorization complexities in healthcare area are focused around the consequence of healthcare data investigation or depiction of medicine by the healthcare professions. This study concentrates on applying uncertainty (i.e. rough set)-based pattern classification techniques for UCI healthcare data for the diagnosis of diseases from different patients. In this study, covering-based rough set classification (i.e. proposed pattern classification approach) is applied for UCI healthcare data. Proposed CRS gives effective results than delicate pattern classifier model. The results of applying the CRS classification method to UCI healthcare data analysis are based upon a variety of disease diagnoses. The execution of the proposed covering-based rough set classification is contrasted with other approaches, such as rough set (RS)-based classification methods, Kth nearest neighbour, improved bijective soft set, support vector machine, modified soft rough set and back propagation neural network methodologies using different evaluating measures.

     

Fuzzy inductive reasoning: a consolidated approach to data-driven construction of complex dynamical systems

Fuzzy inductive reasoning (FIR) is a modelling and simulation methodology derived from the General Systems Problem Solver. It compares favourably with other soft computing methodologies, such as neural networks, genetic or neuro-fuzzy systems, and with hard computing methodologies, such as AR, ARIMA, or NARMAX, when it is used to predict future behaviour of different kinds of systems. This paper contains an overview of the FIR methodology, its historical background, and its evolution.     

模糊人工神经网络方法在电路划分问题中的应用

本文把模糊集合论的知识应用于自组织人工神经网络,提出一个模糊人工神经网络算法.新算法克服了一般人工神经网络方法共同面临的学习时间长、对网络参数的敏感性弱点,广泛适用于一般的模式分类问题.对集成电路设计中电路划分问题的应用情况表明,新算法无论在网络学习的速度上还是划分结果上都优于Kohonen的自组织人工神经网络方法.