血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

应用介入放射学方法对8例颅内囊状动脉瘤进行了国产钨丝微螺旋圈的栓塞治疗,其中7例采用常规的钨丝微螺旋圈推进器栓塞技术,1例采用电解式可脱性（Gpe）钨丝微螺旋圈栓塞技术。结果5例动脉瘤瘤腔栓塞达90％,另3例癌腔完全充满闭塞。     

可脱性弹簧图栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 应用可脱性弹簧圈经血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤。方法 32例颅内动脉瘤患均采用机械可脱性弹簧圈（MDS－N）及电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）行动脉瘤囊内栓塞治疗。结果 32例中成功栓塞30例,1例椎基动脉瘤术后并发脑血管弃挛死亡,另1例栓塞过程中发生动脉瘤破裂死亡。结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段。机械及电解可脱性弹簧圈是目前较理想的动脉瘤栓塞材料。     

国产钨丝微螺旋圈栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤的探讨

颅内囊状动脉瘤病人有80％可能发生蛛网膜下腔出血,传统的根治方法是直接手术夹闭动脉瘤颈或切除动脉瘤,自从1971年Serbinenko创用球囊导管以来,为颅内动脉瘤的治疗提供了一种新的方法。近年来血管内治疗技术的发展,使颅内囊状动脉瘤的栓塞治疗有了长足的进步。我院自1993年以来采用了自制的钨丝微螺旋圈栓塞治疗20例颅内囊状动脉瘤,保持载瘤动脉通畅,效果满意。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的临床效果

目的探讨可脱性弹簧圈及可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的效果及技术要点。方法对1328例来自华南地区部分省市的颅内动脉瘤应用微导管技术，在数字减影血管造影监视下行血管内栓寒治疗，其中85例90个动脉瘤用机械式可脱性弹簧圈（MDS)栓塞，825例847个动脉瘤用电解式可脱性弹簧圈（GDC)栓塞67例巨大动脉瘤中37例片可脱性球囊闭塞载瘤动脉．18例用GDC．11例川EDC，1例用MDS闭塞载瘤动脉。结果成功栓塞1328例1370个动脉瘤，1322例痊愈，6例死亡。栓寒程度：100％栓寒1281个(包括载瘤动脉闭塞者)，95％栓寒65个，90％栓塞20个，80％栓寒4个术中动脉瘤破裂9例，并发脑梗死5例，1例微弹簧末端逸出并顽固性脑血管痉挛。2例复发者冉给予GDC栓塞而治愈．结论血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种比较安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段，动脉瘤较大者，术后复发率高；术前反复蛛网膜下腔出血者，术中动脉瘤破裂的可能性较大。     

颅内动脉瘤机械可脱性螺旋圈栓塞治疗1例报告

颅内动脉瘤破裂是急性蛛网膜下腔出血的主要原因，其死亡率和致残率极高。动脉瘤夹闭术是治疗颅内动脉瘤的常规手段。但有些宽颈．反复出血或大型动脉瘤难以手术夹闭。我院采用机械可脱性螺旋圈成功地栓塞了1例大型颅内动脉瘤，现报告如下。     

血管内介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤(附88例报告)

目的总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验，着重讨论微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法、技术和手术相关并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤88例病人(90个动脉瘤)的临床资料。采用电解脱铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞28例．可解脱式弹簧圈(DCS)栓塞18例，多点电解脱弹簧圈(EDC)栓塞42例。结果100％闭塞70例．95％～90％闭塞13例．80％闭塞5例。术后发生手术相关并发症9例，包括微弹簧圈移位3例，术中动脉瘤破裂4例，严重脑血管痉挛2例；其中2例死亡。结论血管内栓塞动脉瘤是一种微创、安全、有效治疗动脉瘤的方法。选择正确的技术和方法对改善动脉瘤栓塞治疗效果，减少并发症有重要意义。     

微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗205例颅内囊状动脉瘤

目的：介绍微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗２０５例颅内囊状动脉瘤。方法：用微弹簧圈经血管内栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤２０５例。使用国产和进口的普通微弹簧圈和机械性可脱性微弹簧圈，大多数病例在局部麻醉下施术。２４例蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）急性期治疗请麻醉师协助。结果：本组２０５例中无死亡率，手术当时完全闭塞动脉瘤１８３例，不完全闭塞２２例。１２６例经１～３年随访无一例再出现ＳＡＨ。结论：微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤是可行的治疗方法，特别是窄颈动脉瘤。其效果确实，创伤小，病人恢复快。但是动脉瘤栓塞治疗的远期效果还有待进一步大宗病例的血管造影随访观察。     

机械可脱式弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的评价

目的 :评价机械可脱式弹簧圈 (MechanicalDetachableSpiral,MDS)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤。方法 :对 1995年 3月～ 1998年 7月利用MDS栓塞的 64例 66个颅内动脉瘤进行回顾性分析。结果 :66个动脉瘤中 ,10 0 %栓塞的 2 5个 ,占 3 7 9% (2 5 /66) ;95 %的 19个 ,占 2 8 8% ;90 %的 11个 ,占 16 7% ;80 %的 6个 ,占 9 1% ;<80 %的 5个 ,占 7 6%。 5 5个 (83 3 % )动脉瘤达 90 %以上栓塞。死亡 2例 (3 1% ) ,永久并发症 3例 (4 7% )。结论 :应用MDS进行囊内栓塞 ,是治疗颅内动脉瘤安全有效的方法之一     

28例颅内动脉瘤患者栓塞治疗的疗效观察

目的 观察颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗的疗效。方法 对28例颅内动脉瘤患者用GDC进行栓塞治疗，其中26例为破裂的动脉,Hunt-Hess分级：I级2例，Ⅱ级10例，Ⅲ级10例，Ⅳ级4例，Ⅴ级2例。结果 动脉瘤90％栓塞18例，95％栓塞8例，100％栓塞2例。22例得到3－18个月的随访，无再出血。结论 动脉瘤栓塞治疗“0时间窗”要领值得提倡，娴熟的微导管技术可减少术中并发症的发生，动脉瘤栓塞前的快速降颅压措施应慎重。     

前交通动脉瘤的介入治疗(附61例分析)

目的探讨血管内栓塞治疗前交通动脉瘤的适应证和效果。方法回顾性分析经血管内栓塞治疗前交通动脉瘤61例的DSA影像、介入治疗及随诊结果。本组动脉瘤直径2.0～10.0mm，病情按Hunt-Hess分级I级23例，Ⅱ级27例，Ⅲ级10例，Ⅳ级l例。结果均经DSA确诊后采用电解可脱式铂金螺旋圈，59例（59枚）前交通动脉瘤腔完全闭塞，2例（2枚）遗留少许残颈显影。经DSA随诊15例发现1例动脉瘤复发，改行手术治愈。无死亡病例及永久性并发症发生。结论采用电解可脱式铂金螺旋圈（GDC）栓塞是治疗前交通动脉瘤的一种微创、安全、有效的方法，尤其是动脉瘤破裂出血急性期栓塞可达到止血作用。大宗病例的远期随诊结果尚待进一步观察。     

Intravascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms

The paper presents indications for and the technique of the intravascular procedures as well as the results of treating patients with intracranial aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1997 and the May 2000, 25 patients (14 women and 11 men) with cerebral aneurysms underwent intravascular embolisation. The aneurysms were embolised with MDS-N BALT with coils. In 5 patients with aneurysm (about 2 cm), the procedure was performed in two or three steps. RESULTS: Aneurysms were embolised successfully in 19 patients. Three patients revealed intra- and postoperative complication manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Intravascular embolisation of intracranial aneurysms is an affective treatment modality. It carries, though, a certain risk of complication development. Using this method in neurosurgically non-operable cases is a method of choice.     

微弹簧圈囊内栓塞急性出血期颅内动脉瘤

目的　急性出血期颅内动脉瘤的微弹簧圈囊内栓塞。方法　股动脉或颈动脉 Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ○ｓ 穿刺。用ｐｕｓｈｅｒ 推入自制弹簧圈或用 Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ 系统送入合适长度的微弹簧圈到动脉瘤腔内填塞动脉瘤腔。结果　本组无一例死亡。４２ 例动脉瘤中３８ 例 （９０ ％ ） 术后立即造影动脉瘤完全栓塞， 另外４ 例（１０ ％ ） 动脉瘤部分栓塞。２０ 例病人接受 Ｄ Ｓ Ａ 复查均未见动脉瘤复发。不全栓塞的４ 例动脉瘤中１ 例后交通动脉瘤半年后行 Ｄ Ｓ Ａ 见动脉瘤颈部扩大， 行二次栓塞， １ 例基底动脉瘤半年后虽经二次栓塞治疗， 一年后复查病人动脉瘤仍在继续扩大， １ 例椎动脉瘤和１ 例前交通动脉瘤 Ｄ Ｓ Ａ 复查见动脉瘤腔已完全闭塞。结论　对于囊状动脉瘤 Ｓ Ａ Ｈ 急性期的病人， 微弹簧圈动脉瘤腔内栓塞治疗是较为安全有效的方法。     

42例动脉瘤夹闭的临床分析

目的总结手术夹闭动脉瘤的疗效，探讨对动脉瘤病人手术及围手术期的系统整体治疗。方法回顾性分析42例动脉瘤病人的手术治疗情况。结果42例动脉瘤手术治疗患者中，37例治愈出院，2例前交通动脉瘤病人遗留记忆力减退．1例前交通动脉瘤病人植物生存状态。2例死亡，1例为多发动脉瘤、一动脉瘤位于海绵窦段，1例为大脑后动脉瘤合并AVM。结论严格的围手术期和手术治疗动脉瘤可取得良好效果。     

前循环破裂动脉瘤伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗(附21例分析)

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断方法和显微手术治疗要点。方法回顾性分析21例前循环动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的临床资料,其中前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤10例。均经3D-CTA检查确诊并急诊行显微外科手术治疗。结果夹闭术后随访3～18个月,死亡1例,重残1例,中残2例,其余17例病人恢复良好。结论对前循环破裂动脉瘤并颅内血肿病人应及早确诊并积极采取显微手术治疗。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的分析支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤疗效及随访结果。方法回顾性分析44例(45个)颅内宽颈动脉瘤支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞的结果,所有患者进行随访,进行改良Rankin评分(mRS)。16例患者行动脉造影或MRA随访。结果术后即刻栓塞程度:0级栓塞12个,1级栓塞22个,2级栓塞9个,3级栓塞2个。手术相关并发症7例,其中4例为血栓栓塞并发症。平均随访7.8个月,mRS 0分31例,1分5例,2分3例,3分2例,4分2例,5分1例。2个动脉瘤再通,再次栓塞治疗。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤是比较安全有效的治疗方法,血栓栓塞事件是主要并发症,抗血小板凝集不充分可能是血栓栓塞事件的主要原因。平行式方法栓塞可以提供足够的支撑力,达到致密栓塞的结果。     

依达拉奉防治颅内动脉瘤术后迟发性脑血管痉挛的疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉治疗颅内动脉瘤术后迟发性脑血管痉挛的疗效。方法60例脑动脉瘤术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用依达拉奉注射液30mg,静滴,每日2次,14d后进行疗效评价。结果治疗组发生迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVS)者仅2例,其发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组总有效率93.3%,而对照组为73.3%,两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗组防治脑动脉瘤术后迟发性脑血管痉挛效果明显优于对照组。结论依达拉奉作为一种新型羟自由基清除剂,可以作为防治颅内动脉瘤术后迟发性脑血管痉挛有效的药物。     

显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤25例

目的：总结25例颅内动脉瘤的显微外科手术治疗经验，探讨显微手术技巧及动脉瘤破裂的处理。方法：在气管插管全麻及控制性低血压下，依据动脉瘤的部位选择手术入路，在显微镜直视下操作，解剖动脉瘤颈，稳妥夹闭瘤蒂，结果：本组25例中术后恢复工作19例（76％），轻残3例，重残2例，死亡1例，并发脑积水2例，水灶性脑梗塞2例。结论：显微神经外科技术使颅内动脉瘤手术成功率明显提高，采用控制性低血压和暂时阻断载瘤动脉是降低术中动脉瘤破裂出血和术后病人致残及死亡的重要措施。脑积水是最常见并发症，需行V－P分流。     

颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

目的 分析颅内夹层动脉瘤的临床特点,总结血管内栓塞治疗的经验.方法 对16例颅内夹层动脉瘤患者采用血管内栓塞治疗,其中3例采用单支架或双支架置入术,9例应用支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞技术,3例使用球囊或弹簧圈辅助下球囊载瘤动脉闭塞术,1例使用单纯弹簧圈动脉瘤栓塞术.结果 16例中,动脉瘤完全闭塞9例(包括载瘤动脉闭塞病例),次全闭塞3例,不全闭塞4例(包括支架植入病例).随访6个月-3年,除早期1例死亡外,GOS结果评定:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例.8例随访时脑血管造影,7例未见复发,1例瘤颈再通,正在随访.结论 根据颅内夹层动脉瘤的不同部位、不同病理特点,选择不同的血管内栓塞治疗方法,是治疗夹层动脉瘤安全、有效的方法之一.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

儿童颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨儿童颅内动脉瘤的临床特点和治疗策略。方法回顾性分析了7例儿童颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。7例儿童动脉瘤中,4例位于后循环,3例位于前循环;1例伴有AVM。仅1例是女童。开颅手术治疗1例,血管内治疗4例,2例未治。结果治疗的5例中,3例经血管内栓塞治愈。1例经开颅手术治愈,1例基底动脉主干梭形动脉瘤经血管内栓塞部分瘤体,症状好转。无死亡。结论儿童颅内动脉瘤罕见,其临床状态常较好,经过积极治疗后大多数可以获得良好的预后。     

Metalloproteases and intracranial vascular lesions.

Recent studies have suggested that metalloproteinases (MMP) might be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture and that elevated serum levels of MMP may effectively be considered as possible markers of cerebrovascular malformations. The present study was planned in order to verify if serum levels of MMPs may be the mirror of the MMP activity in the wall of intracranial aneurysms, reflecting the predisposition to aneurysm development and/or rupture. A series of 84 patients operated for intracranial cerebrovascular lesions (63 aneurysms and 21 arterovenous malformations (AVM)) and 20 controls entered the study. Among the 63 cases of intracranial aneurysms, nine were discovered before rupture, while 54 patients were included after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Using radioimmunoassay, plasma elastase levels were measured in all cases, while in 25 cases, when aneurysmectomy was possible, the activity of elastase and collagenase were measured in aneurysm samples. Mean plasma elastase level in patients bearing both an intracranial aneurysm or an intracranial AVM was significantly higher than in controls, while there was no significant difference between plasmatic level of elastase in patients with aneurysms when compared with patients bearing an intracranial AVM; there was no significant difference between mean elastase level in patients who suffered SAH and patients bearing an intracranial unruptured aneurysm. The activity of elastase and collagenase measured in the aneurysm wall were significantly higher in cases of ruptured than in unruptured aneurysms. The present results show that plasmatic level of elastase does not reflect the activity of MMP as measured in the aneurysm wall and that the patterns of MMP activities measured in the aneurysm wall differ considerably at different stages of SAH. This suggests that local rather than systemic changes in metalloproteases activity might be involved in cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture.