新疆阿尔泰西北部白哈巴-冲乎尔一带加里东和海西两期区域变质作用的厘定

通过对新疆西北部阿尔泰白哈巴—冲乎尔一带详细的野外地质填图和综合研究,在原划分的奥陶纪、震旦—寒武纪地层中分别采获了早泥盆世双壳化石,获得了加里东期、海西期不同期次的同位素地质年龄,在浅变质岩中划分出了石英岩状结构亚带和刺状结构亚带,在区域动力热流变质岩中划分出蓝晶石带、矽线石带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带等。新的证据表明,研究区白哈巴地区发育加里东期和海西期两期区域低温动力变质,南东部发育两期区域动力热流变质,海流滩为加里东期,冲乎尔则为海西期,沿库根断裂带产生叠加。这一划分使争论了近半个世纪的该区变质类型和变质世代的问题有了新的答案。     

新疆阿尔泰地区冲乎尔递增变质带特征及其演化

新疆阿尔泰海西造山带主要发育两期区域变质作用：第一期为区域低温动力变质作用类型,第二期为区域动力热流变质作用类型。冲乎尔递增变质带是后者的典型代表之一,从火山沉积盆地边缘到中心发育十字石-蓝晶石带、黑云母-石榴石带、绿泥石-黑云母带、绢云母-绿泥石带,递增变质作用强度具有逐渐减弱的趋势。结合变质变形关系和变质作用演化特点,将变质作用划分为早期、峰期和晚期3个阶段。早期和峰期为连续的递增变质过程,形成典型的中压型递增变质带,晚期则属于后期的退化变质过程。变质作用演化具有顺时针的p-t轨迹,这种递增变质带的发育特征和变质作用演化特点反映了阿尔泰造山带特定的大地构造环境和地壳演化的动力学机制。     

嫩江地区中晚加里东期区域变质岩系构造背景

按板块构造划分,嫩江地区位于兴蒙造山带东段兴安地块与松嫩地块交会部位,区内多期次的构造叠加作用强烈,是研究兴蒙造山带构造演化的关键地区之一。从研究区中晚加里东期区域变质岩系的区域地质背景着手,结合现有的区域地层和构造资料,对区内中晚加里东期区域变质岩系岩石学及地球化学特征、变质变形特征进行分析,通过野外地质产状和岩石共生组合的分析、变质作用及变质相的划分、构造环境判别等方法对区内中晚加里东期所经历的构造背景问题进行研究,认为研究区经历了弧后拉张→岛弧火山喷发沉积→弧后边缘海盆地伸展→弧后边缘盆地沉积的大地构造背景。区内中晚加里东期区域变质岩系的研究,对于重建嫩江地区加里东期构造背景具有重要意义。     

阿尔泰阿祖拜地区递增变质带特征及演化

新疆阿尔泰阿祖拜地区发育两种类型区域变质作用,第一种为区域低温动力变质作用,第二种为区域动力热流变质作用.阿祖拜地区递增变质带是后者的典型代表之一,从花岗岩体外接触带依次发育矽线石-堇青带、红柱石-十字石带、黑云母-石榴石带,递增变质作用强度呈逐渐减弱趋势.结合变形变质作用特征和同位素年龄,可识别出3个变形变质阶段.早期阶段以区域低温动力变质作用为主,形成绿片岩相变质岩石组合;峰期阶段为区域动力热流变质作用,形成典型的递增变质带;晚期阶段则属退化变质作用.不同变质作用类型代表了不同大地构造环境,记录了造山带演化历史年和动力学过程.     

贡山地区两类特殊的区域动力热流变质作用

贡山地区存在两类特殊的区域动力热变质作用－低压热轴型、减压增温型。其共同特征是：具明显的递增变质现象，以地幔热流上升为主要因素，构造背景为碰撞造山。不同之处为：低压热轴型区域动力热流变质，形成于低压环境，变质岩石的分布与断裂、剪切带无明显关系；减压增温型区域动力热流变质，形成于中低压环境，变质岩石受韧性剪切带控制呈间隔带状出露。     

海南昌江——邦溪地区中深层次动力变质岩类型划分及动力变质作用研究

运用变质岩石学理论及韧性剪切带和显微构造学的基本方法，对研究区韧性剪切带中深层次动力变质岩的类型划分和动力变质作用进行了研究。将动力变质岩划分为糜棱岩和构造片岩两类及其相应的亚类。     

新疆阿祖拜地区变质作用特征及构造演化

新疆阿祖拜地区发育两种类型的区域变质作用,第一种类型属于区域低温动力变质作用,第二种类型属于区域动力热流变质作用。变质作用时代发生在晚古生代华力西期,其间有3个阶段变形变质作用发生,早期阶段以形成低温绿片岩相变质岩石组合为主,构造片理(S1)与原岩沉积层理(S0)基本一致。中期阶段以区域动力热流变质作用为主,形成典型的递增变质带,并使早期构造片理(S1)发生紧闭褶皱,也是阿尔泰华力西期造山带变形变质的主期。晚期阶段为退化变质作用,变质作用轻微,变形作用不明显。不同阶段和不同的变形变质作用类型代表了不同的大地构造环境,记录了造山带的演化历史和动力学过程。     

吉林南部地区老岭群变质作用特征研究

吉林南部地区老岭群变质矿物较为发育,本文通过对其中发育的变质矿物进行详细鉴定和大量探针分析,将老岭群下亚群主要变质矿物划分为两个世代,分别代表两期变质作用M1和M2.结合研究区老岭群变质矿物组合、分布特征以及变质相带的研究,认为M1为中-低温区域动力热流变质作用,可以划分为低绿片岩相和高绿片岩相,而M2为局部热变质作用...     

滇西北石鼓片岩变质变形特征及其划分

滇西北金沙江结合带东侧的石鼓变质岩系，可划分为石鼓岩群和巨甸岩群。石鼓岩群受区域动力热流变质作用改造，主期变形环境为中、深部构造相；巨甸岩群受区域低温动力变质作用改造，与之相伴的构造形迹属中、浅部构造相。石鼓岩群包含羊坡岩组和露西岩组，巨甸岩群可进一步划分为陇巴岩组和塔城岩组。同一岩群的岩组，变质作用、构造变形特征相同，但变质岩石组合及原岩特征却有明显差别。     

新疆太古宙变质岩系岩石组合特征

新疆塔里木盆地周边发育前寒武纪变质岩系，其太古宙变质岩系分布在库鲁克塔格－星星峡及阿尔金山前。铁克力克可能有新太古代变质岩系的存在。库鲁克塔格地区太古代变质岩出露较全，由古－中太古代及新太古代变质岩组成：阿尔金山前、南天山及中天山尾亚地区均有新太古代变质岩系分布。太古代变质岩系由表壳岩和变质深成岩（岩系）组成，前者往往呈规模不等的包体散布在变质深成岩中。变质作用主要为区域中高温变质作用和区域动力热流变质作用，变质相为中深变质的角闪岩相－麻粒岩相，具中深部构造相的塑性流变特征。     

新疆阜康大黄山煤矿煤变质作用探讨

新疆阜康大黄山煤矿位于准噶尔盆地南缘乌鲁木齐山前坳陷东段，多项煤变质指标分析结果表明：该区煤变质程度沿煤层走向分带较为明显，沿煤层倾向上煤变质程度虽未突变，但挥发份却随深度加深明显减少．结合煤矿区域构造特征，煤层的变质以深成变质作用为主，动力变质作用为辅．同时推测深大断裂有利于隐伏热异常形成，它的多期次活动可为地下水从地壳内部获得热量提供通道，并为煤层变质提供热源．     

攀枝花地区地质研究新进展

本文简要介绍了在攀枝花1：5万区域地质调查中有关地层、沉积相、岩浆岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等方面所取得的一些进展和对一些岩石地层单位的时代归属和界线位置的修定结果。     

Metamorphic evolution of the central Southern Cross Province,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia

Two contrasting styles of metamorphism are preserved in the central Southern Cross Province. An early, low‐grade and low‐strain event prevailed in the central parts of the Marda greenstone belt and was broadly synchronous with the first major folding event (D₁) in the region. Mineral assemblages similar to those encountered in sea‐floor alteration are indicative of mostly prehnite‐pumpellyite facies conditions, but locally actinolite‐bearing assemblages suggest conditions up to mid‐greenschist facies. Geothermobarometry indicates that peak metamorphic conditions were of the order of 250–300°C at pressures below 180 MPa in the prehnite‐pumpellyite facies, but may have been as high as 400°C at 220 MPa in the greenschist facies. A later, higher grade, high‐strain metamorphic event was largely confined to the margins of the greenstone belts. Mineral assemblages and geothermobarometry suggest conditions from upper greenschist facies at P–T conditions of about 500°C and 220 MPa to upper amphibolite facies at 670°C and 400 MPa. Critical mineral reactions in metapelitic rocks suggest clockwise P–T paths. Metamorphism was diachronous across the metamorphic domains. Peak metamorphic conditions were reached relatively early in the low‐grade terrains, but outlasted most of the deformation in the higher grade terrains. Early metamorphism is interpreted to be a low‐strain, ocean‐floor‐style alteration event in a basin with high heat flow. In contrast, differential uplift of the granitoids and greenstones, with conductive heat input from the granitoids into the greenstones, is the preferred explanation for the distribution and timing of the high‐strain metamorphism in this region.     

Contrasting responses of Rb–Sr systematics to regional and contact metamorphism, Laramie Mountains, Wyoming, USA

Archean supracrustal sequences of pelitic, quartzitic, calcareous and mafic compositions in the central Laramie Mountains, Wyoming, have been affected by two metamorphic events: a 1.78 Ga amphibolite-grade regional metamorphism, and a 1.43 Ga contact metamorphism resulting from the intrusion of the Laramie Anorthosite Complex (LAC). Rb–Sr whole-rock isotopic data from both outside and within the LAC contact aureole define a linear array that lies along a 1.78 Ga isochron. This date has been independently established as the time of amphibolite facies regional metamorphism associated with collision of the Archean Wyoming province and the Proterozoic Colorado province along the Cheyenne belt. The Rb–Sr isotopic data require that Sr was redistributed during regional metamorphism on a scale of at least tens of metres. Although within the 2 km-wide aureole of LAC the pelitic rocks were thermally metamorphosed at temperatures greater than 800 °C, none of the whole-rock Rb–Sr data from samples within the LAC aureole show evidence of resetting at 1.43 Ga. It is interpreted that the regional metamorphism involved fluid transport which facilitated Sr isotopic resetting, whereas the contact metamorphism occurred in a relatively dry environment in which isotopic mobility was restricted to centimetre-scale or less. Rb–Sr data for biotite, feldspar and whole rock from a regional metamorphosed pelitic schist give an isochron age of 1450±40 Ma, which is interpreted as a cooling age resulting from crustal uplift. Rb–Sr data for biotite, quartz+feldspar and whole rock from a pelitic schist affected by contact metamorphism give an isochron age of 1420±43 Ma, the time of isotopic re-equilibration in response either to crustal uplift or to both contact metamorphism and crustal uplift. This study demonstrates that although the response of isotopic systems to metamorphism is complex, isotopic data provide insight into metamorphic processes that is difficult to obtain by other means.     

Stable isotopic evidence for fluid infiltration during contact metamorphism in a multiply-metamorphosed terrane: the Reynolds Range, Arunta Block, central Australia

The Lander Rock Beds form the local basement of the Reynolds Range in the Arunta Inlier of central Australia. These dominantly quartzose and pelitic lithologies underwent low-grade ( c.   400  °C) regional metamorphism prior to contact metamorphism ( c.   2.5  kbar) around S-type megacrystic granitoids at 1820–1800  Ma. The Lander Rock Beds are overlain by metasediments of the Reynolds Range Group, which were subsequently intruded by granitoids at c. 1780  Ma. Regional metamorphism at 1590–1580  Ma produced grades varying from greenschist (400  °C at 4–5  kbar) to granulite (750–800  °C at 4–5  kbar) from north-west to south-east along the length of the Reynolds Range. Oxygen isotope ratios of the Lander Rock Beds were reset from 13.4±0.8 to as low as 6.7 adjacent to the contacts of the larger plutons, and to 10.3±1.1 around the smaller plutons. Biotite in all the major rock types found in the aureoles has δD values between −52 and −69, probably reflecting resetting by a cooling igneous+metamorphic fluid near the plutons. Sapphirine-bearing and other Mg- and Al-rich rock types have low δ¹⁸O values (4.0±0.7). The precursors to these rocks were probably low-temperature ( c. 200  °C) diagenetic–hydrothermal deposits of Mg-rich chlorite, analogous to those in Proterozoic stratiform precious metal and uranium deposits that form by the infiltration of basin brines or seawater. As in the overlying Reynolds Range Group, regional metamorphism involved little fluid–rock interaction and isotopic resetting.     

Tectono-metamorphic Events in the North Atlantic Region in the Palaeoproterozoic from the View Point of High-grade Metamorphic Rocks in the Lewisian Complex, South Harris, NW Scotland

The tectono-thermal history of the Lewisian Complex in South Harris (South Harris Complex) was inferred from its geologic and metamorphic characteristics. The lithological assemblages and geochemical features of the complex suggest that its precursory rocks were composed of the subduction-related accretionary complex formed in the palaeo convergent margin. The complex has suffered the ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism that was contemporaneous with the igneous activity to make the South Harris Igneous Complex (SHIC) and the subsequent continent-continent collisional activity. A similar complex recording the geological processes of the subduction, the UHT metamorphism and the collision has been recognized in the Lapland-Kola belt and New Quebec in the Palaeoproterozoic. This suggests an assembly of micro-continents to form the Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent in the North Atlantic region.     

Fluid-mineral equilibria in prehnite-pumpellyite to greenschist facies metabasites near Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada: implications for petrogenetic grids

A sequence of regional metamorphic isograds indicating a range from prehnite-pumpellyite to lower amphibolite facies was mapped in metabasites near Flin Flon, Manitoba. The lowest grade rocks contain prehnite + pumpellyite and are cut by younger brittle faults containing epidote + chlorite + calcite. Isobaric temperature- X _CO2 and pressure-temperature (constant X _CO2) diagrams were calculated to quantify the effects of CO₂ in the metamorphic fluid on the stability of prehnite-pumpellyite facies minerals in metabasites containing excess quartz and chlorite. Prehnite and, to a lesser extent, pumpellyite are stable only in fluids with X _co2 <0.002. For X _co2>0.002, epidote + chlorite + calcite assemblages are stable. Our calculated phase relations are consistent with regional metamorphism in the Flin Flon area in the presence of an H₂O-rich fluid and a more CO₂-rich fluid in the later fault zones. We believe that the potential effects of small amounts of CO₂ in the metamorphic fluid should be assessed when considering the pressure-temperature implications of mineral assemblages in low-grade metabasites.     

Domal structures and high-grade metamorphism in the Higher Himalayan Crystalline, Zanskar Region, north-west Himalaya, India

ABSTRACT In the main Himalayan range in the Ladakh-Zanskar area, domal structures have been observed at structurally deeper levels in the tectonic unit of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline. Their formation occurred during a second, temperature-dominated phase (M₂) of high-grade regional metamorphism, characterized by the semipelitic paragenesis of sillimanite-K-feldspar and incipient anatexis. The doming event reveals a local system of synmetamorphic uplift superimposed on a regional system of northeast-southwest trending compression. In the main Himalayan range the development of the dominant S₂ foliation is related to deformation during the doming phase, which started early in the M₂ event. The deformation propagated continuously north-east and south-west with time. In the north-east, on the northern slopes of the main Himalayan range, this deformation is expressed by extensional shear movements of the upper tectonic levels finally leading to the late- to postmetamorphic normal fault system of the Zanskar shear zone. Towards the south-west, deformation is expressed by compressional movements, e.g. at the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Kishtwar window area. The observed compression and extension is inferred to relate to an increased uplift of the domal bulges of the tectonic Kishtwar window and of the whole main Himalayan range.     

吉林省1∶25万基础地质调查中遥感技术的应用

2004-2006年吉林省开展了吉林市等八幅数字区域地质调查。其任务书中提到：“充分收集研究前人区域地质和物、化、遥资料,全面完成测区1∶25万地质填图任务”。本文从应用角度出发,探讨了吉林省中等植被覆盖区遥感地质填图的工作流程,包括遥感数据种类选择、遥感数据处理、遥感地质解译等。     

中国煤变质作用

通过煤变质热源及作用方式的研究，总结了中国煤变质作用主要类型，动态地史－热史模拟表明，煤盆地的地热状态以非均－地温场影响深成变质格局，如鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪的地温高于前后时代，大地热流同盆地了中心增高，四川盆地中心莫霍面较浅，与高变质煤分布基本一致，区域岩浆热变质是形成中国大多数中高煤级煤的主因，模拟分析了湘赣中南部印支－燕山期花岗岩体与煤变质，煤热水变质作用以载热的深循环流体构成派生热绿岩侵入的增