无线局域网中时延感知的电源管理策略

因为移动需求,无线局域网的节点大多采用电池供电,节能对延长节点的工作时间极为重要。IEEE 802. 11 标准提出了电源管理策略,即允许无数据传递任务的节点进入休眠模式以节省能耗。对上述策略进行建模与分析,导 出了数据包传递时延、节点的连续休眠次数、活跃时间以及节点在活跃与休眠模式之间的切换次数等指标,提出了适 用于IEEE 802.n基础设施无线局域网的时延感知的电源管理策略并对之进行数值分析,这种方案可以让节点寻找 到最优的休眠时间长度以使能耗最低且满足给定的时延约束。     

无线局域网中时延感知的电源管理策略

因为移动需求,无线局域网的节点大多采用电池供电,节能对延长节点的工作时间极为重要.IEEE 802.11标准提出了电源管理策略,即允许无数据传递任务的节点进入体眠模式以节省能耗.对上述策略进行建模与分析,导出了数据包传递时延、节点的连续休眠次数、活跃时间以及节点在活跃与休眠模式之间的切换次数等指标,提出了适用于IEEE 802.11基础设施无线局域网的时延感知的电源管理策略并对之进行数值分析,这种方案可以让节点寻找到最优的休眠时间长度以使能耗最低且满足给定的时延约束.     

适用于周期休眠MAC协议的分簇时间同步算法

无线传感器网络中节点能量有限,常采用周期休眠的方式工作,而周期性休眠机制的实现依赖于节点间的时间同步方法.基于竞争的周期性休眠MAC协议的典型代表是S-MAC,在S-MAC协议的时间同步算法基础上,通过引入簇控制和边界节点控制方法提出一种分簇时间同步算法,该算法适用于周期性休眠的MAC协议.仿真和物理实验表明,分簇时间同步相比S-MAC时间同步方法能够有效控制网络中的簇数和边界节点数,减少时间同步开销和端到端传输时延,从而节省能耗,延长网络生存周期.     

基于时延敏感无线传感器网络的最优任播算法

任播技术应用在基于休眠唤醒机制的无线传感器网络(WSN)中可以改善其时延较长的问题,但以往技术是针对每一跳候选节点的休眠时延进行优化的,该策略在端对端时延上往往并不最优甚至有时效果很差。针对端对端时延问题提出基于时延敏感WSN的最优任播算法。协议中基站采用AODV多路径路由协议获取任播路径信息,采用遗传算法进行最优化计算,并将所得各节点至任播组最优任播路径的信息返回给各节点。该算法具有自适应调节任播路径和全局优化的特点。实验数据表明,与以往算法相比,该算法可以更有效地降低端对端时延。     

一种无线传感网络的跨层节能同步机制

减少射频空闲监听可以有效延长无线传感网络的寿命,但不恰当的同步机制会降低协议的节能效果,增加转发时延.分析了现有节能同步机制存在的问题,基于传感网络的特点提出了一种高效的跨层节能同步机制,实现了通信协议与同步机制的有机结合.通过集中发送和交错休眠,减少了节点的同步开销和休眠时延,提高了协议的节能效果;同时同步包的周期扩散为路由层提供了必要的信息,进一步降低了协议的系统开销.最后在一个树状网络上进行了验证.     

机会网络中的自适应喷雾路由及其性能评估

针对传统喷雾路由无法适应动态网络环境的问题,提出了一类自适应喷雾路由机制.由具备最新网络知识的中间转发节点实时地进行喷雾决策,达到对网络环境的快速感知和适应,并在特定的喷雾方式下,以最低的路由代价满足目标时延约束.对提出的3种不同的喷雾机制从路由代价、副本冗余度以及期望延迟3个方面给出了理论上的分析.仿真评估结果表明,自适应喷雾路由具备路由代价低、自适应能力强、扩展性佳等特点,所提出的喷雾机制各有特点和应用场景,是一类正确有效的时延约束机会路由协议.     

时延复杂网络的自适应周期间歇同步控制

研究同时具有耦合时延和节点时延复杂网络的自适应周期间歇同步控制问题.运用 Lyapunov 稳定性理论,自适应控制、牵制控制和间歇控制方法,给出保证该时延复杂网络全局指数同步、且保守性更小的判定准则,并给出相应的自适应和牵制自适应间歇同步控制器设计,该控制策略对节点间的耦合强度和网络的拓扑结构等具有较强的鲁棒性.最后以时延非线性动力系统为节点对复杂网络进行数值仿真,验证了结论的正确性和有效性.     

层次传感器网络的交错同步休眠调度方法研究

结合层次传感器网络中基础层的多跳分簇结构、周期性短数据为主、有明显方向性的数据流特点,提出了一种交错的周期倍增同步休眠调度方案。该方案通过让不同层节点运行不同频率的激活/休眠周期可以达到降低时延和降低能耗的目的。将该机制应用到基础层MAC协议中,仿真证明可以保证簇中上下行两个方向的数据都有较低的时延,并且在节能和降低时延的同时拥有较大的吞吐量,能够较好的满足基础层的要求。     

异构无线传感器网络的基础层MAC协议设计

多跳分层异构无线传感器网络(WSN)包含周期性短数据和明显方向性数据流,根据该特点,设计一种异构传感器网络基础层MAC协议(GFN-MAC),以均衡降低基础层的能量消耗和时延.异构无线传感器网络基础层在分簇时使用CSMA协议,完成分簇后节点运行GFN-MAC协议,利用交错的周期倍增同步休眠调度模式,使不同层节点运行不同频率的激活/休眠周期.仿真结果表明,与完全同步和交错同步调度方案相比,GEN-MAC的通信时延和系统能耗较低,吞吐量较高.     

增强型移动自主网络MAC层节能机制

在移动自组网中,节点通常采用能量有限的电池来供电,因此如何提高各个节点能量利用率,减少能耗,以延长网络的寿命,成为移动自组网协议中所有协议层的关键问题;为了节省能量,无限局域网标准IEEE802.11在分布式协调功能(DCF)的基础上定义了节能机制PSM,在对现有的802.11PSM协议进行分析和比较后提出一种自适应调整的节能机制EPSM;EPSM |改进了PSM在一个BI周期只能传送一个数据包的模式,大大减少传输延时,并采用中心节点交替苏醒的方式以延长中心节点的生存时间,达到节省能量的目的;通过仿真结果表明EPSM在减少传输时延、减少能耗以及提高节点生存时间等方面较PSM有了较大的提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.