Fe~(2+)催化H_2O_2/Na_2S_2O_8氧化降解水中黄腐酸

利用Fe~(2+)催化H_2O_2或Na_2S_2O_8降解水中的黄腐酸,研究了诸因素(处理剂加量、pH和温度)对黄腐酸降解的影响。黄腐酸溶液颜色和TOC的去除,紫外区光吸收强度的降低都表明H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)体系对黄腐酸具有良好的降解效果;在pH=3.0、H_2O_2为400mg·L~(-1)、H_2O_2与Fe~(2+)物质的量的比为10∶1的条件下,处理100mg·L~(-1)黄腐酸溶液120 min,TOC去除率达到88.4%。Na_2S_2O_8/Fe~(2+)降解结果表明:在pH=3.0、Na_2S_2O_8为2 000mg·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)为5mmol·L~(-1),温度为50℃条件下处理100 mg·L~(-1)黄腐酸水样240min,TOC去除率为55.9%。分析降解效果和试剂成本可知,H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)法降解水中黄腐酸优于Na_2S_2O_8/Fe~(2+)法。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic Fe_3O_4/Coke Magnetic Nanoparticles Composite Material

A composite material(Fe_3O_4/Coke)using coke supported Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared via an in-situ chemicaloxidation precipitation method and characterized by SEM,XRD,Raman,and FTIR.The results showed that the Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles existed steadily on the surface of coke,with better dispersing and smaller particle size.The catalytic ability of Fe_3O_4/Coke were investigatied by degrading p-nitrophenol(P-NP).The results showed that the apparent rate constant for the P-NP at 1.0 g·L~(-1) catalyst,30 mmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2,pH=3.0,30 ℃ and the best ratio of Coke/Fe_3O_4 0.6,was evaluated to be 0.027 min~(-1),the removalrate of CODCr was 75.47%,and the dissolubility of Fe was 2.42 mg·L~(-1).Compared with pure Fe_3O_4,the catalytic ability of Fe_3O_4/Coke in the presence of H_2O_2 was greatly enhanced.And Fe_3O_4/Coke was a green and environmentalcatalyst with high catalytic activity,showing a good chemicalstability and reusability.     

纳米CuFe2O4活化过一硫酸盐降解诺氟沙星性能

为研究使用过一硫酸盐(PMS)的高级氧化技术去除水体中微量有机污染物的高效可行方法,通过柠檬酸辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米CuFe_2O_4材料,以其为非均相催化剂,探究CuFe_2O_4/PMS体系对诺氟沙星(NFX)的降解性能.采用X射线衍射仪、电子透射显微镜、BET手段对材料进行表征,考察煅烧温度对纳米CuFe_2O_4结构及催化性能的影响,并试验纳米CuFe_2O_4的重复使用性和稳定性.探讨纳米CuFe_2O_4投加量、PMS浓度、溶液初始pH对CuFe_2O_4/PMS体系降解NFX性能的影响,并探究该体系的氧化活性物种及降解机理.结果表明:制备纳米CuFe_2O_4的最佳煅烧温度为400℃,该温度下纳米CuFe_2O_4晶型较好,比表面积较大,且表现出较高的催化活性;在纳米CuFe_2O_4/PMS体系中,控制NFX初始质量浓度为5 mg/L,最适宜的反应条件为:纳米CuFe_2O_4投加量为0.1 g/L、PMS浓度为0.5 mmol/L、初始溶液pH为9.5,该条件下反应30 min后NFX的去除率高达99%;纳米CuFe_2O_4能有效活化PMS生成·OH和SO_4~-·,SO_4~-·是实现NFX快速降解的主要活性物种.     

Fe2O3/CAC低温脱硝实验研究

采用浸渍法对焦炭负载Fe_2O_3,并对负载改性的活性焦进行柱状成型,研究不同负载量的Fe_2O_3/CAC(columnar activated coke,CAC)低温脱硝性能。结果表明:Fe_2O_3/CAC脱硝效率最佳时Fe的质量分数为6%,特别在140℃时其脱硝效率达75.6%;改变SO2含量,Fe_2O_3/CAC的脱硫效率基本稳定在90%,脱硝效率最低维持在59.2%;同时引入SO2和H2O对Fe_2O_3/CAC的脱硫脱硝效率影响较大,SO_2和H_2O的体积分数分别为0.04%和9.5%时,其脱硫脱硝效率分别稳定在60%和40%;最佳负载量下,Fe_2O_3/CAC的吸附-脱附曲线属于H4滞后环的Ⅱ型等温线;Fe_2O_3/CAC中氧化物SiO_2与Fe_2O_3含量较高,Fe主要以γ-Fe_2O_3形式存在,有利于提高Fe_2O_3/CAC的低温脱硝性能;不同负载量的柱状Fe_2O_3/CAC落下强度均在50%左右。     

PPy含量对Fe_2O_3/PPy锂离子电池负极材料性能的影响

为研究聚吡咯(PPy)含量对Fe_2O_3/PPy负极材料电化学性能的影响,以FeCl_2·4H_2O为Fe源,采用水热法合成Fe_2O_3纳米片,用原位聚合法合成不同PPy含量的Fe_2O_3/PPy复合材料,并通过X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的材料进行表征;将材料组装成扣式电池,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗测试进行电化学性能表征.结果表明:PPy的加入改善了Fe_2O_3的循环稳定性,其中PPy质量分数为5.0%的Fe_2O_3/5.0%PPy负极材料的循环性能最好,在200 mA/g的电流密度下,首次放电比容量为1 342.3 mA·h/g,首次库仑效率达到75.1%;经过100次循环,其放电比容量保持为487.4 mA·h/g,高于Fe_2O_3/2.5%PPy、Fe_2O_3/7.5%PPy和Fe_2O_3的放电比容量.     

磁性石墨烯纳米材料的制备及其对水中活性艳红染料的吸附研究

以Fe_3SO_4·7H_2O和石墨烯为主要原料合成Fe_3O_4@GO纳米材料。使用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对合成样品进行表征。研究pH值、溶液浓度、震荡时间等单因素对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,在温度为298K、pH值为4、震荡时间为1h、溶液浓度为45mg/L的最优条件下,饱和吸附量超过69mg/g。吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

磁性Fe3O4微球的溶剂热法合成及光芬顿性能优化

为探究Fe_3O_4微球的光芬顿性能,在200℃条件下,利用溶剂热法成功制备出具有较好分散性、平均粒径(200±0.5)nm的Fe_3O_4微球,并通过对其原料配比的探究进行样品优化.该合成方法所制备出的Fe_3O_4微球在Photo-Fenton降解亚甲基蓝方面有优秀的性能,降解率达95%甚至以上.此外,Fe_3O_4微球具有易回收的优点,仅利用磁场即可将其分离,且回收率超过85%甚至90%.利用回收后的Fe_3O_4微球探究其重复利用率,结果表明,重复利用过程中样品催化降解效率与第一次使用时几乎相同.本研究探究了该样品降解亚甲基蓝的最佳反应条件,其中当反应体系中加入15 mL过氧化氢且为酸性环境下降解效率达到最大.     

树脂负载高价铁催化H2O2降解橙黄Ⅳ

为提高多相类芬顿反应的速率,采用高价铁氧化合物(FeIVF=O/R)为催化剂,强化H2O2分解降解橙黄IV.探讨初始pH值、温度、过氧化氢初始浓度和橙黄IV初始浓度等对反应速率的影响.结果表明:随着pH值升高,橙黄IV降解率下降.在pH值3～10的范围内,能有效地对橙黄IV进行降解.催化H2O2降解橙黄IV的反应遵循一级反应动力学,反应活化能为59.94kJ/mol.反应速率常数与H2O2的初始浓度及与橙黄IV初始浓度都具有很好的正相关性.催化剂重复使用表明铁在树脂表面负载比较牢固,具有较好的稳定性和耐用性.     

UV/H2O2降解三氯生动力学及反应机理

为考察紫外催化过氧化氢工艺降解三氯生的降解效能,利用动力学模型对三氯生的表观降解速率进行模拟.考察氧化剂投加量、三氯生浓度、NOM质量浓度和p H对三氯生降解速率的影响.结果表明,H_2O_2的投加量小于1 mmol/L时,三氯生的降解速率随H_2O_2浓度的增加而增加,而当H_2O_2的投加量大于1 mmol/L时,由于H_2O_2对HO·的捕获作用增强,三氯生的降解速率随H_2O_2投加量的增加而降低.当三氯生的初始浓度增加时,体系中HO·的稳态浓度随之降低,导致三氯生降解的表观速率降低.体系中存在NOM时,三氯生的降解速率显著降低,主要是由于NOM能够与三氯生竞争光子和HO·.三氯生去质子化后更快地被UV/H_2O_2降解,其去质子化形态的摩尔吸光系数变大,而且其与HO·的二级反应速率更快.通过LC/MS-MS检测UV/H_2O_2氧化TCS得到6种产物,推测TCS的降解途径主要是通过脱氯反应和羟基化反应.     

GO/CoFe2O4催化过硫酸盐降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯效能

为高效地去除水中环境激素类污染物,采用共沉淀法合成了氧化石墨烯负载钴尖晶石铁氧体(GO/CoFe_2O_4)催化剂,催化过硫酸盐(PMS)去除水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP).采用SEM、TEM、XPS、XRD对催化剂进行表征,研究不同条件下催化PMS去除水中DBP的效果,提出催化PMS反应机理.结果表明,GO/CoFe_2O_4为颗粒状尖晶石结构,室温下,DBP初始浓度为2μmol/L、催化剂投量为0.1 g/L、PMS浓度为20μmol/L、pH为7时,GO/CoFe_2O_4催化PMS体系对DBP的去除率可达89%,使用5次后催化效果仅降低5%.该新型复合催化剂高效、具有磁性、方便回收,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

三氧化二铝是导致建筑物火灾的严重隐患

建筑物供电线路中的铜线与铝线连接处常常生成一种灰白物质－－三氧化二铝,极易引发建筑物火灾。着重介绍和分析这种灰白物质的成分、生成原因、危害以及防止其生成的主要措施。     

Bi2O3和Fe2O3掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷显微结构的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线能量色散谱(EDAX)等结构分析技术,研究了施主(Bi     

SnO2及SnO2／Fe2O3复合微米材料的合成及表征

本文首先以SnCl2·2H2O为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,利用溶剂热法于180℃反应24h得到了SnO2微球;再以所制备的SnO2微球为前驱体,FeCl3·6H2O为主要原料,通过水热法得到SnO2／Fe2O3复合材料．利用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对所得产物进行了表征．结果表明：所得的SnO2为四方锡石型,形貌为微球,平均直径约为2．0μm;复合后得到的SnO2／Fe2O3微球平均直径约为2．5μm．其中,Fe2O3为六方赤铁矿型,在复合物的表面以小颗粒的形式存在,尺寸约为200nm．另外,也对SnO3与SnO2／Fe2O3微球的形成过程进行了讨论．     

Modification of nano-TiO2 by Al2O3 in-situ coating

A novel technology of in-situ coating Al₂O₃ on the surface of H₄TiO₄ was developed to prevent the aggregation of nano-TiO₂ powders and improve the dispersibility and thermal stability in the way of forming a uniform coating layer. The heterogeneous nucleation was conducted to prepare the precursor of nano-TiO₂ and then Al₂O₃ was coated on the surface of precursor. The effects of Al₂O₃ in-situ coating on the properties of nano-TiO₂ were investigated. The results show that H₄TiO₄ can be dispersed well under alkaline condition (pH 8.5) and the heterogeneous nucleation can be controlled easily. The optimized uniform coating layer is obtained by adding 5% (mass fraction) and 10% of Al₂O₃ and the aggregation of nano-TiO₂ powders is effectively inhibited and the dispersibility is obviously improved. The crystal sizes of TiO₂ powders are 12.3, 11.4 and 8.7 nm after coating 0,5% and 10% of Al₂O₃ respectively. Al₂O₃ on the surface of particulates in amorphous phase could increase the thermal stability of nano-particles after calcined at 550 °C. Foundation item: Project(04GK2007) supported by Hunan Industrial Key Project of Science and Technology     

Luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3 glasses with dopant

The luminescent properties of glasses synthesized in air atmosphere by conventional high temperature process were stud{ed. The emissions spectra of Eu^2 and Eu^3 were observed in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses.The results show that the broad emission peaks at 430 nm correspond to 5d→4f emission transition of Eu^2 , the sharp emission peaks at 592, 616, 650 and 250 nm correspond to 5^D0→1Fj(j=1--4) emission transition of Eu^3 ,respectively, which indicates that the BaO-La2O3a-B2O3-Eu2O3 glass can convert ultraviolet and green omponents of sunlight into blue and red light so as to increase the intensity of blue and red light, respectively. The luminescent in--tensity of Eu^2 increases with increasing the molar ratio of Tb^3 in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3a-Tb4O3 glasses, whereas the luminescent intensity of Eua^3 decreases. So the luminescent intensity of Eu(Ⅲ,Ⅱ) is influenced by Tb^3 .These phenomena can be explained by electron transfer mechanism; Eu^3 (4f6) Tb^3 (4f^8)→Eu^2 (4f′) Tb^4 (4f′). Taking advantage of the luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses, light-conversion glass for agriculture can be produced.     

Preparation of TiO2 photocatalyst loaded with V2O5 for O2 evolution

TiO₂ photocatalysts loaded with V₂O₅ were prepared via a modified hydrolysis process, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra measurements. The photocatalytic activity of V₂O₅/TiO₂ was investigated by employing splitting of water for O₂ evolution. The results indicate that V₂O₅ loading can pronouncedly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ with Fe³⁺ as an electron acceptor under UV or visible light irradiation. The optimum mass fraction of the loaded V₂O₅ is 8%, and the largest speed of O₂ evolution for 8%V₂O₅ (mass fraction) loaded TiO₂ catalyst is 118.2 μmol/(L·h) under UV irradiation, and 83.7 μmol/(L·h) under visible light irradiation.     

Characteristics of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2 as cathodes of lithium ion batteries

LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ was synthesized from Li₂CO₃ and a triple oxide of nickel, cobalt and manganese at 950 °C in air. The structures and characteristics of LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂, LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a layered structure with hexagonal lattice. The commercial LiCoO₂ has sphere-like appearance and smooth surfaces, while the LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ consist of cornered and uneven particles. LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a large discharge capacity of 140.9 mA · h/g in practical lithium ion battery, which is 33.4% and 2.8% above that of LiMn₂O₄ and LiCoO₂, respectively. LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ have higher discharge voltage and better rate-capability than LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂. All the three cathodes have excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of above 89.3% at the 250th cycle. Batteries with LiMn₂O₄ or LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ cathodes show better safety performance under abusive conditions than those with LiCoO₂ cathodes. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2005037698) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

Structure of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 system low-melting sealing glass

Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system glass is a kind of lead-free low melting sealing glasses. The structure of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glass was investigated by DSC, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results show that with the increase of B_2O_3 content, the transition temperature Tg and softening temperature T_f of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glasses increase, which leads to the liquid phase precipitation temperature increasing and promotes the structure stability in the glass. With increasing the heat treatment temperature, a large number of liquid phases appear in samples and the sinter efficiency of the samples increases. The FT-IR spectra of the glasses show the presence of some bands that are assigned to vibrations of Bi-O bond from [BO_3] pyramidal and [BiO_6] octahedral units and B-O from [BO_3] and [BO_4] units. With the decrease of B_2O_3 content, the crystallization tendency of the glass increases. In glass samples B_1 and B_2, crystallization starts at 460 ℃ and 540 ℃, respectively. Both of them precipitate Bi-(24)B_2O_(39) phases.     

Microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics with various B2O3 contents

The effects of B2O3 addition on both the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) glass ceramics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results show that the increasing amount of B2O3 causes the increase of the contents of [BO3],[BO4] and [SiO4],which deduces the increase of CaB2O4 and α-SiO2 and the decrease of CaSiO3 correspondingly.No new phase is observed throughout the...     

氧化铝增强的PdSe2/Si异质结光电探测器

为了降低暗电流,通过原子层沉积(ALD)生长了一层氧化铝(Al₂O₃)隧穿层,制备了PdSe₂/Al₂O₃/Si异质结光电探测器.通过优化Al₂O₃层的厚度,使得该探测器实现了高速和宽光谱响应.研究结果表明,在波长为808 nm的光照射和-2 V偏压下,所制备的光电探测器与未生长Al₂O₃的器件相比,暗电流降低了约3个数量级,器件的光响应度达到了约为0.31 A/W,对应的比探测率约为2.5×10¹² Jones,器件在零偏压下表现出明显的自驱动效应.经过循环测试1 200次后,器件保持良好的光响应.器件响应的上升时间和下降时间分别为7.1和15.6μs.结果表明,在二维层状半导体材料与Si之间引入Al₂O₃隧穿层,可以有效地降低器件的暗电流,有利于高性能的Si基光电探测器的制备.