介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘12例

目的探讨介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效.资料与方法透视下,对12例胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘患者经鼻腔及时置入胃减压管和空肠营养管.2例未行胸腔引流者和5例外科胸腔闭式引流管不通畅者经鼻腔、食管和瘘口置入胸内脓腔引流管,负压抽吸脓液.择期置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口.结果经鼻腔胃减压管、空肠营养管和脓腔引流管置入位置合适.12例共置入13枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架,技术操作全部成功,脓腔愈合后将引流管拔出.随访期间10例支架封堵瘘口完全;1例1个月后死于机体极度衰竭;1例7个月后支架滑脱,取出并再次置入1枚新支架.结论及时胃减压管、空肠营养管置入和脓腔有效引流,择期蘑菇状覆膜内支架置入治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘,是一种安全、可靠、有效的综合治疗方法.     

蘑菇状覆膜内支架的设计和在食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘中的应用

目的 设计封堵食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的覆膜内支架。方法 根据食管胃吻合口区的特殊解剖结构和吻合口胸腔瘘的病变特点，设计蘑菇状覆膜内支架。透视下，5例吻合口巨大胸腔瘘患者置入6枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架。结果 蘑菇状覆膜内支架能有效封堵食管胃吻合口巨大胸腔瘘，解决了进食问题，改善了营养状况。结论 蘑菇状覆膜内支架结构设计合理，操作简单、安全，近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

暂时性蘑菇状内支架与经鼻经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘

目的探讨暂时性蘑菇状覆膜内支架与经鼻经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效。方法对8例食管-胃吻合口瘘患者透视下,经鼻腔和食管向脓腔内置入引流管,负压抽吸脓液,再经食管置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口。定时经引流管冲洗脓腔,适时复查脓腔造影,及时调整后退引流管的位置,直至引流管完全拔出;在置入术后1个月左右(约在引流管拔出后1周)取出支架。结果8例蘑菇状覆膜内支架和引流管置入技术操作全部成功,放置位置合适。经鼻经食管脓腔引流14～21d,脓腔消失,引流管完全拔出。置入术后1个月内以介入技术顺利取出支架,复查造影瘘口均愈合,脓腔消失。结论暂时性蘑菇状覆膜内支架与经鼻腔经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘,操作简单安全、无严重并发症、花费低、创伤小,是一项值得推广的新技术。     

食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的影像学诊断和介入治疗

目的：探讨食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的影像学特征及其介入治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析6例具有完整临床资料的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的口服碘水造影及CT表现；透视下，置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口。结果：6例口服碘水造影显示对比剂均经吻合口溢入胸腔；6例螺旋CT检查，其中5例显示吻合口与胸腔相通，1例瘘口小而未显示。全部病例顺利置入内支架，既完全封堵了瘘口，又解决了进食问题。结论：根据口服碘水造影和螺旋CT征象可以诊断食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘，置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口操作简单、安全、近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

食管癌术后吻合口瘘的影像表现与临床处理

目的探讨食管胃吻合口瘘的不同影像表现在介入治疗中的价值。方法对68例食管癌术后食管-胃吻合口瘘患者,根据吻合口瘘发生的时间、瘘口部位及周围脓腔大小,采用透视下经鼻腔置入胃减压管、空肠营养管和脓腔引流管,再择期置入食管内支架封堵瘘口的治疗方法。结果经鼻腔置入胃减压管、空肠营养管和脓腔引流管位置合适。经复查治愈40例,治愈率58.5%(40/68)。28例支架置人治疗吻合口瘘中6例置入7枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架,22例置入24枚编织型双喇叭覆膜内支架,技术操作全部成功,脓腔愈合后将引流管拔出。随访期间25例支架封堵瘘口完全,治愈率89.3%(25/28)。4例3个月后支架上缘再狭窄,再次置入新支架;1例支架置入2个月后因反流性食管炎而取出支架。2例1个月后发生大出血死亡;1例于术后3个月死于严重肺部感染。结论食管癌术后吻合口瘘的治疗,应根据影像表现的不同,采用脓腔及时、有效的引流,空肠营养管及胃减压管置入,择期食管内支架置入等介入治疗手段,安全、有效、经济。     

食管胸腔胃吻合口内支架并发食管气管瘘的内支架再置入治疗

目的 探讨食管癌术后食管胸腔胃吻合口狭窄行支架置入后形成食管-气管瘘,再次采取支架置入治疗的疗效.方法 6例食管胸腔胃吻合口狭窄支架置入后并发食管气管瘘.X线监视下,取出原食管支架,再次置入1枚较长的食管覆膜支架,消除食管与支架成角现象.结果 本组原支架取出顺利,未出现严重并发症.均再次置入较原支架长20 ～ 40 mm的支架,支架置入后均出现不同程度咽部疼痛不适,患者能够耐受,进食顺利.结论 食管胃吻合口狭窄支架置入后并发食管-气管瘘,可以置换稍长支架进行补救.     

个体化全覆膜支架封堵食管-胃吻合口瘘、胸腔胃-气道瘘、化学灼伤后食管瘘

目的探讨个体化可取式覆膜支架,封堵食管-胃连接部吻合口瘘和胸腔胃-主支气管瘘及化学灼伤后食管瘘的治疗方法及临床价值。方法667例上消化道良、恶性病变支架植入病例中,食管-胃吻合口瘘63例,胸腔胃－气道瘘11例,化学灼伤后食管瘘17例。瘘口直径0．5～2cm。瘘口部位：食管－胃颈部吻合口瘘7例,食管－胃胸腔内吻合口瘘33例,食管－胃膈下吻合口瘘23例;胸腔胃－右主支气管瘘9例,胸腔胃－气管隆突瘘2例;化学灼伤后食管上段瘘3例,中段瘘9例,下段瘘5例。均在DSA透视下经口腔植入支架,依据残胃大小及瘘口位置,选定下端为大喇叭口径可取式覆膜支架63枚;气管-支气管分叉型全覆膜支架11枚;全覆硅胶膜长管状“Z”型支架18枚。结果63例食管-胃吻合口瘘及11例胸腔胃-气道瘘和17例化学灼伤后食管瘘,共植入支架92枚。支架植入后分别于2、7、12、17、22、30d,口服碘水DSA下透视检查,所有病例均堵瘘成功。支架取出无一例消化道出血、食管破裂、瘘口复发等并发症出现。结论设计个体化可取式覆膜支架,封堵食管-胃连接部吻合口瘘和胸腔胃-气道瘘及化学灼伤后食管瘘临床疗效肯定,具有临床推广应用价值。     

双倒Y型气道覆膜内支架治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘的疗效观察

目的：评估双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘的疗效。方法回顾性分析15例胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘,所有患者均因食管癌行食管切除并胸腔胃食管吻合,术后有放射治疗史,瘘口均临近右上叶支气管开口。根据患者气管支气管正常管径的直径和长度,个体化设计出大小2枚倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架,并于 X 线透视下置入支架,观察患者瘘口封堵情况,临床症状改善情况。结果所有胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘患者行双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗,操作均一次性成功,瘘口封堵完全,能顺利进食,卧位呛咳症状消失,未出现气道出血、气胸等并发症。结论双倒 Y 型气道覆膜内支架置入治疗胸腔胃-右主支气管瘘技术可行,疗效肯定。     

设计不同形状覆膜支架封堵食管-胃吻合瘘及食管化学灼伤后瘘

目的探讨不同形状可取式覆膜支架封堵各类食管瘘的治疗方法及临床价值。方法本组共50例,其中外科手术后食管-胃吻合口瘘43例,食管化学灼伤后瘘7例。瘘口直径0.5～2cm。瘘口部位:食管-胃颈部吻合口瘘7例,食管-胃胸腔内吻合口瘘23例,食管-胃膈下吻合口瘘13例;食管化学灼伤后上段瘘2例,中段瘘3例,下段瘘2例。均在DSA透视下经口腔植入支架,依据残胃大小及瘘口位置,选定下端为大喇叭口径可取式覆膜支架,全覆硅胶膜长管状“Z”型支架或覆膜记忆合金网状长管状支架。结果50例患者共植入支架56枚。支架植入后分别于2、7、12、17、22、30d,口服碘水透视检查,所有病例均堵瘘成功,且无并发症出现。结论设计不同形状可取式覆膜支架封堵各类食管瘘的临床疗效肯定。     

自膨式覆膜支架在食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘的临床应用

目的 评价食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘应用自膨式覆膜支架治疗的价值,探讨支架植入后常见的并发症及处理方法 .方法 87例上消化道狭窄或梗阻患者中,50例食管恶性狭窄,23例贲门-胃吻合口狭窄,5例胃、十二指肠恶性狭窄,3例食管瘘,6例食管吻合口瘘,共置入国产带膜网状支架95枚.结果 内支架置入全部一次成功,除1例患者术中急性出血外,余病例无即刻并发症,术后患者狭窄解除,饮食得到恢复,瘘道封闭,远期疗效与疾病性质和相关治疗情况有关.结论 自膨式覆膜支架治疗食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘疗效可靠,并发症少,术后加放疗和(或)化疗可进一步提高疗效.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察U50,488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50,488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流,而细胞缺氧后,这一抑制作用减弱;U50,488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱,其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。