PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

多弧离子镀TiAlSiN梯度涂层制备及切削性能

针对含Si超硬涂层与基体结合强度不足,切削过程中涂层易发生剥落从而导致涂层刀具切削性能低的问题,采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具上制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN梯度涂层。利用XRD、SEM、OM以及切削试验探讨不同含Si层梯度结构对涂层物相、表面形貌、膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损以及切削性能的影响。结果显示：不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN涂层主要由固溶的（Ti,Al） N和（Al,Ti） N相组成。其中,低Si直接过渡的TiAlSiN涂层（S3）呈现出较高的硬度、良好的膜基结合力、较低的涂层残余应力和摩擦因数。铣削结果显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为粘着磨损。当切削速度为80 m/min时,低Si过渡涂层（S3涂层）表现出更高的切削长度（925 m）,显著高于S1涂层的525 m;当切削速度由80 m/min增加至110 m/min时,S3涂层切削长度增加到1650 m。对含Si刀具涂层进行梯度设计,可有效提高涂层的膜-基结合强度和涂层刀具的切削性能。     

TiAlSiN涂层刀具高速干车削钛合金磨损机理研究北大核心

TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金刀具材料力学性能较好,探究了TiAlSiN涂层刀具高速干切削钛合金的磨损机理,为改善刀具切削性能、提高加工效率提供指导。采用TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金刀具对TC4钛合金进行高速干车削试验,研究两种切削速度(v=80、120 m/min)下刀具的磨损机理。结果表明:TiAlSiN涂层刀具前刀面主要磨损机理为粘结磨损和氧化磨损,在高速时(v=120 m/min)还存在扩散磨损;TiAlSiN涂层刀具后刀面主要磨损机理为粘结磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;刀具在v=80 m/min时切削效果更好,切削速度越高,刀具磨损越严重。     

涂层对钛合金高速切削加工性能的影响

采用TiAlN和TiAlSiN涂层的两种硬质合金刀片高速干式切削钛合金(TC4),测量并分析了涂层刀片的切削寿命、车削过程中的切削力及工件已加工表面粗糙度,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析仪对涂层硬质合金刀片的磨损区域进行了观察分析,探讨了涂层刀片的磨损机理,研究了涂层对钛合金车削加工性能的影响。经过5次反复实验,结果表明:TiAlN涂层刀片高速车削钛合金的耐磨损性能较TiAlSiN涂层刀片提高20%左右;随着磨损的加剧,TiAlSiN涂层刀片的切削力在后期大于TiAlN涂层刀片的切削力;同时,TiAlSiN涂层刀片加工的表面粗糙度也随着刀尖的磨损、刀尖圆弧变大而降低;两种刀片的磨损机理是粘结磨损、扩散磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损同时发生并相互促进,TiAlSiN涂层刀片的切削刃和后刀面磨损较TiAlN涂层刀片快,TiAlN涂层刀片磨损均匀。     

nc-(Ti,Al)(C,N)/a-SiNx纳米复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

目的 研究Si、C单元素掺杂及其共同掺杂TiAlN涂层对涂层性能的影响.方法 基于阴极电弧+辉光放电技术,在SUS304不锈钢基体及硬质合金刀具上分别制备nc-(Ti,Al)N、nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-SiNx、nc-TiAlCN及nc-TiAlCN/a-SiNx/a-C纳米复合薄膜,通过SEM观察涂层的微观组织形貌,并借助EDS表征涂层的元素成分,用XRD分析涂层的物相构成,探究C、Si元素对涂层生长的影响.采用纳米硬度仪测试涂层的硬度,采用二维轮廓仪及三维形貌仪表征涂层的表面粗糙度及表面形貌,通过滑动摩擦磨损试验测定涂层的耐磨性,用纳米划痕仪表征涂层的摩擦系数及涂层与基体的结合强度,用铣削实验表征涂层的切削性能.结果 该技术制备的TiAlN涂层,内部晶相结构复杂,硬度为29.57 GPa,主要归因于Ti2AlN、Ti2N等硬质相及TiN0.3相的形成降低了涂层的晶格常数.此为首次报道通过物理气相沉积方法制备含TiN0.3相的涂层.TiAlSiN涂层的硬度最高,为37.69 GPa,且耐磨性最好,主要原因是Si的添加起到了细晶强化和晶界强化的作用.C掺杂TiAlN使涂层析出更多非晶相,涂层硬度降低.C、Si元素共同掺杂,使得nc-TiAlCN/a-SiNx/a-C涂层表现出较低的摩擦系数及表面粗糙度,但与基体的结合性能最差,nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-SiNx薄膜的结合强度最好.结论 涂层均提高了基体表面的显微硬度,Si、C元素的掺杂可使涂层的某些性能得以大幅提升,但在实际应用中,还需根据应用需求选择合适的涂层.     

超声辅助TiAlN和TiAlSiN涂层刀具切削不锈钢性能的研究

研究了不同涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助作用下切削304不锈钢的切削性能,如磨损情况、刀具寿命、工件表面质量以及切削力。分别采用未涂层、TiAlN、TiAlSiN涂层铣刀结合超声刀柄进行铣削实验;对比研究不同影响因素耦合下的切削性能;采用超景深三维视频显微镜表征刀具后刀面磨损情况;采用粗糙度测量仪测试工件表面粗糙度;采用扫描电镜观察工件的表面形貌;采用kistler测力仪测量切削力。结果表明:TiAlN涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助下,磨料磨损速度最慢,铣刀使用寿命最长(走刀距离在45m左右),其寿命是无超声振动辅助无涂层铣刀寿命的11.25倍。TiAlN涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助下加工304不锈钢工件的表面粗糙度最好;从无超声状态到有超声状态下加工,TiAlN涂层刀具加工时工件所受的切削力均略小于TiAlSiN涂层刀具加工时工件所受的切削力。     

PVD法制备的TiAlN/Al_2O_3复合涂层氧化铝陶瓷刀具切削性能研究

在刀具表面沉积一层硬质、耐磨涂层,可有效提高刀具切削性能。目前刀具涂层的研究主要侧重于氮化物、碳化物等硬质涂层(基体为硬质合金),氧化物涂层(基体为陶瓷)仍未有突破性进展。文章涉及陶瓷基体表面的氮化物和氧化物涂层制备及切削性能研究。采用阴极电弧蒸发镀技术(PVD-CAE)和PEM辅助PVD工艺在氧化铝陶瓷刀具表面制备TiAlN硬质耐磨涂层(中间层)和Al_2O_3抗高温氧化涂层(外层)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和EDS线扫法分析涂层微观结构和元素成分变化,通过显微硬度计表征涂层表面硬度。通过连续干切削灰铸铁试验研究TiAlN/Al_2O_3涂层的切削寿命、磨损机理和加工表面质量。结果表明:该复合涂层具有细晶致密的微观结构;TiAlN硬质层可将刀具表面硬度提升至2781±19HV_(50g),从而提高了刀具耐磨性;连续干切削灰铸铁试验中,无涂层氧化铝刀具发生崩刃破损,而TiAlN/Al_2O_3涂层刀具主要发生磨粒磨损和少量的粘结磨损,无崩刃现象;PVD法制备的TiAlN/Al_2O_3涂层刀具寿命是常规无涂层氧化铝刀具的2倍以上,且加工表面质量优良而稳定。     

基于计算机数值模拟的TiAlSiN涂层刀具切削性能研究

为研究TiAlSiN涂层对硬质合金刀具切削性能的影响,采用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件进行切削仿真试验,模拟了TiAlSiN涂层与未涂层硬质合金刀具在相同切削条件下切削钛合金时的切削温度、切削力;并比较了不同膜厚的TiAlSiN涂层对刀具切削性能的影响。试验结果表明:TiAlSiN涂层具有低的摩擦系数,可以有效地减小切削力,3μm的TiAlSiN涂层刀具比未涂层刀具以及厚度为6μm的涂层刀具切削力小,但切削温度最高;6μm厚的刀具涂层切削温度最低,但切削力较大。     

滚轮表面TiAlSiN涂层制备及失效机理研究

目的通过对滚轮表面制备超硬纳微米TiAlSiN涂层,提高滚轮的综合工作性能。方法采用阴极电弧离子镀膜技术在滚轮工作面及高速钢试样表面制备超硬纳微米TiAlSiN涂层。通过X射线荧光测量系统测量涂层厚度,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察涂层表面特征和形貌,采用能谱仪(EDS)对涂层元素的成分进行分析,通过纳米压痕仪及洛氏硬度计对涂层的硬度及膜基结合力进行测定和分析。结果滚轮表面1.97μm厚的TiAlSiN涂层的Si原子数分数为4.21%,其显微硬度为37.69 GPa,涂层与基体的膜基结合力符合VDI-3198工业等级的HF3,呈现出较强的膜基结合力。经生产线上滚压机实际成形加工验证,涂层后滚轮的工作寿命是未涂层滚轮的5倍,滚轮具有强度高、耐磨损、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、粘附性降低等特性,显著改善了磨损、剥落、疲劳裂纹、缠辊、粘滚等现象。结论在滚轮表面制备超硬纳微米TiAlSiN涂层,能显著提高滚轮的综合工作性能。     

TiN和TiAlN涂层刀具铣削铝锂合金表面质量试验对比研究

目的 比较TiN和TiAlN涂层刀具加工铝锂合金的切削性能和表面质量。方法 使用硬质合金、TiN涂层和TiAlN涂层三种刀具,对2198-T8型铝锂合金进行干式铣削试验。改变切削因素的水平,比较刀具磨损、铝锂合金的表面粗糙度、切削力和切屑形态。结果 铣削铝锂合金时,刀具主要磨损为粘附磨损,TiN涂层的粘附程度最低,硬质合金次之,TiAlN涂层表面粘附最严重,切削效能最低。粘附磨损严重影响铣削成形的表面粗糙度,并使铣削力增加。铣削速度是影响工件表面粗糙度的主要因素,通过提高铣削速度可明显降低材料的粘结程度,降低表面粗糙度与铣削力,TiN涂层在铣削铝锂合金时最小表面粗糙度可达到0.5 μm以下。在相同的切削参数下,TiN涂层断屑均匀,切屑表面较为光滑,切屑塑性变形最小。硬质合金刀具产生的切屑尺寸较短,切屑表面有少量带状条纹,TiAlN涂层刀具产生的切屑发生了严重的塑性变形。结论 与TiAlN涂层和硬质合金刀具相比,TiN涂层刀具在铣削铝锂合金时的切削效能最好,可以达到最好的表面粗糙度和加工效果。     

氮含量对直流磁控溅射(TiAlTaCrZr)N涂层力学及钛合金切削性能影响研究

解决传统刀具耐磨涂层导热性差的问题。本文采用直流磁控溅射方法,在不同氮气流量下制备了(TiAlTaCrZr)N涂层,研究了不同氮含量对涂层微结构和硬度、结合力、导热等性能的影响。随着氮气流量的增加,涂层中N含量增加,涂层微观结构会由纳米晶向柱状晶转变。涂层的硬度从TiAlTaCrZr 涂层的11.0 GPa增加到5 SCCM氮流量时(TiAlTaCrZr)N 涂层的20.6 GPa。涂层在氮气流量为5 SCCM时膜基结合力可达到130 N以上,之后随着氮含量增加逐渐降低。(TiAlTaCrZr)N涂层的导热性均优于TiAlN涂层的导热性,但随着氮含量增加导热性降低。(TiAlTaCrZr)N涂层的高导热性、高结合力、高硬度等特性使其在钛合金高速切削时切削距离比TiAlN涂层提高175%,这为钛合金加工提供了一种新型耐磨涂层。     

Modified TiAlN coatings prepared by d.c. pulsed magnetron sputtering

Coatings like TiN or TiAlN are well established as hard and wear resistant tool coatings. These coatings often are prepared by PVD techniques like arc evaporation or d.c. magnetron sputtering. Typical micro hardness values of such hard coatings are in the range of 30 GPa. Compared to d.c. magnetron sputtering processes the pulsed magnetron sputter deposition technique could be shown as a clear advancement. Furthermore pure TiAlN hard coatings as well as TiAlN coatings modified by addition of elements like Si and Cr were prepared in order to improve the coating properties using the pulsed magnetron sputter technique in a batch coater equipped with 4 targets. Coatings prepared with the pulsed sputter process showed both high hardness and high wear resistance. The application potential of pulsed sputtered TiAlN coatings is demonstrated by turning test results of coated cemented carbide cutting inserts.Beside hardness and wear, other properties like adhesion or high temperature stability were determined. Cross sectional SEM images revealed the growth structure in dependence of the applied substrate bias and of the added elements. The chemical composition of the coatings was investigated by electron microprobe analysis and the phase and crystal size were determined by X-ray diffraction. Using the pulsed magnetron sputter process the coating properties, especially the hardness and the morphology, could be significantly improved. With indentation hardness values in the range of 40 GPa the region of super hard materials could be reached.     

Machining performance of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts

Ti-Al-Si-N quaternary coating has recently been developed for industrial applications due to its excellent machining performance. Here, we present a comparative research on Ti-Al-N single layer, Ti-Al-Si-N single layer, TiAlN-TiAlSiN bilayer and TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings deposited onto cemented carbide substrates by cathodic arc evaporation. The incorporation of Si into the Ti-Al-N coating results in an increase in hardness and thermal stability due to the formation of nanocomposite nc-TiAlN/a-Si₃N₄, and thereby causes an improved performance during continuous cutting. However, the lower toughness and adhesive strength with a substrate reduce its cutting-life during milling. Further optimization of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts during milling can be obtained by a structure adjustment from the nanocomposite into TiAlN-TiAlSiN bilayer and TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer coatings, which causes an increase to 156% and 172% for the life-time of Ti-Al-Si-N coated inserts, respectively. Our results indicate that the machining performance of coatings containing Si in both continuous cutting and milling can be optimized by the structure design of the TiAlN/TiAlSiN multilayer, where the coating sustains a high hardness of the Ti-Al-Si-N coating combined with a good cohesive strength with the substrate similar to the Ti-Al-N coating.     

TiAlSiN多元PVD涂层的研究

采用PVD方法在硬质合金基体上制备了不同成分与结构的TiAlN涂层和TiAlSiN涂层。研究了涂层的组织结构和物理性能,分析了Si元素掺杂在TiAlN基涂层中的作用机理及其对涂层性能的影响,并通过切削实验对涂层刀具的使用性能进行了验证。结果表明:在TiAlN基涂层中添加了Si元素获得了明显区别于TiAlN涂层的组织结构,Si元素以Si3N4非晶相形式包覆在TiAlN晶界,一方面起到了细化涂层晶粒尺寸提高涂层硬度的效果,另一方面还可以提高涂层的热稳定性能。切削实验表明,含Si元素的TiAlSiN涂层在许多应用条件下也表现出较TiAlN涂层更优异的使用性能。     

Effect of Ti content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN nanocomposite coatings

TiAlSiN coatings has been proposed and studied because of their desirable properties in hardness and coating-substrate adhesion. Further improvement of their performance can be achieved by better understanding the effect of the concentration of each element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings. In this paper, the TiAlSiN coatings with different Ti content were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, nano-indentor and Rockwell indentation tester. The results reveal that TiAlSiN coatings consisted of amorphous phase and crystalline phase. With a Ti content of 63 at.%, as well as a Si content of 7 at.%, a super-hard TiAlSiN coating with a nanoindentation hardness of 66 GPa was achieved. What is more, in contrast to the well-described super-hard nanocomposite TiAlSiN coatings, another “nanocomposite” microstructure coating with a Ti content of 29 at.% in which the amorphous phase is wrapped in a crystalline phase was identified, with a comparatively low hardness value of 20 GPa. The highest adhesion strengths with a Rockwell indentation classes HF2 was achieved for a coating with a Ti content of 63 or 65 at.%.     

Cutting performance of PVD-coated carbide and CBN tools in hardmilling

In this study, cutting performance of CBN tools and PVD-coated carbide tools in end-milling of hardened steel was investigated. In high-speed dry hardmilling, two types of CBN tools were applied: the CBN-rich type and an ordinary one. In the case of relatively low-speed milling, on the other hand, a few coated carbide tools were selected where four kinds of coating films, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and multi-layered TiAlN/AlCrN, were deposited on the K10 and P30 grade carbide. The cutting performance was mainly evaluated by tool wear, cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness. In dry cutting of hardened carbon steel with the ordinary CBN tool, the cutting tool temperature rose rapidly with increase in cutting speed; and tool temperature reached approximately 850 °C at the cutting speed of 600 m/min. In the case of the CBN-rich tool, the cutting temperature decreased by 50 °C or more because of its high thermal conductivity. It is remarkable that tool wear or damage on a cutting tool was not observed even when the cutting length was 156 m in both CBN tools. In the case of coated carbide tools, the temperatures of TiN-, TiCN- and TiAlN-coated carbide tools rose as cutting proceeded because of the progress of tool wear, but that of TiAlN/AlCrN-coated carbide tool hardly rose due to little tool wear. When the base material was K10 grade carbide, tool temperature was lower than that of P30 with any coating. The tool flank wear depends considerably on hardness and oxidizing temperature of the coating film.     

电弧离子镀和高功率脉冲磁控溅射AlTiN涂层及其切削性能研究

目的 比较两种沉积方法制备的AlTiN涂层的切削性能.方法 利用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术(HiPIMS)和电弧离子镀技术(AIP),在硬质合金车刀片上沉积AlTiN涂层,比较和研究两种AlTiN涂层的组织形貌特性及综合性能.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪,观察和检测涂层的生长形貌和元素含量.采用激光共聚焦扫描显微...