Discrete harmony search based expert model for epileptic seizure detection in electroencephalography

Seizure detection and classification using signal processing methods has been an important issue of research for the last two decades. In the present study, a novel scheme was presented to detect epileptic seizure activity with very fast and highest accuracy from background electro encephalogram (EEG) data recorded from epileptic and normal subjects. The proposed scheme is based on discrete wavelet packet transform (DWT) with energy, entropy, standard deviation, mean, kurtosis, skewness and entropy estimation at each node of the decomposition tree followed by application of probabilistic neural network (PNN). Normal as well as epileptic EEG epochs were decomposed into approximation and details coefficients till sixth-level using DWT packet. Discrete harmony search with modified differential operator was used to select the optimal features out of all above mentioned statistical and non-statistical parameters. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for classification purpose using PNN, we have implemented 10-fold cross validation. Clinical EEG data recorded from normal as well as epileptic subjects are used to test the performance of this new scheme. It is found that the detection rate is 100% accurate with same level of sensitivity and specificity.     

Wavelet transform feature extraction from human PPG, ECG, and EEG signal responses to ELF PEMF exposures: A pilot study

This paper presents the experimental pilot study to investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at extremely low frequency (ELF) in response to photoplethysmographic (PPG), electrocardiographic (ECG), electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The assessment of wavelet transform (WT) as a feature extraction method was used in representing the electrophysiological signals. Considering that classification is often more accurate when the pattern is simplified through representation by important features, the feature extraction and selection play an important role in classifying systems such as neural networks. The PPG, ECG, EEG signals were decomposed into time-frequency representations using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the statistical features were calculated to depict their distribution. Our pilot study investigation for any possible electrophysiological activity alterations due to ELF PEMF exposure, was evaluated by the efficiency of DWT as a feature extraction method in representing the signals. As a result, this feature extraction has been justified as a feasible method.     

A new method for expert target recognition system: Genetic wavelet extreme learning machine (GAWELM)

In last year’s, the expert target recognition has been become very important topic in radar literature. In this study, a target recognition system is introduced for expert target recognition (ATR) using radar target echo signals of High Range Resolution (HRR) radars. This study includes a combination of an adaptive feature extraction and classification using optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. The features used in this study are extracted from radar target echo signals. Herein, a genetic wavelet extreme learning machine classifier model (GAWELM) is developed for expert target recognition. The GAWELM composes of three stages. These stages of GAWELM are genetic algorithm, wavelet analysis and extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier. In previous studies of radar target recognition have shown that the learning speed of feedforward networks is in general much slower than required and it has been a major disadvantage. There are two important causes. These are: (1) the slow gradient-based learning algorithms are commonly used to train neural networks, and (2) all the parameters of the networks are fixed iteratively by using such learning algorithms. In this paper, a new learning algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM) for single-hidden layer feedforward networks (SLFNs) Ahern et al., 1989, Al-Otum and Al-Sowayan, 2011, Avci et al., 2005a, Avci et al., 2005b, Biswal et al., 2009, Frigui et al., in press, Cao et al., 2010, Guo et al., 2011, Famili et al., 1997, Han and Huang, 2006, Huang et al., 2011, Huang et al., 2006, Huang and Siew, 2005, Huang et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2011, Kubrusly and Levan, 2009, Le et al., 2011, Lhermitte et al., in press, Martínez-Martínez et al., 2011, Matlab, 2011, Nelson et al., 2002, Nejad and Zakeri, 2011, Tabib et al., 2009, Tang et al., 2011, which randomly choose hidden nodes and analytically determines the output weights of SLFNs, to eliminate the these disadvantages of feedforward networks for expert target recognition area. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) stage is used for obtaining the feature extraction method and finding the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. Herein, the optimal one of four variant feature extraction methods is obtained by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The four feature extraction methods proposed GAWELM model are discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete wavelet transform–short-time Fourier transform (DWT–STFT), discrete wavelet transform–Born–Jordan time–frequency transform (DWT–BJTFT), and discrete wavelet transform–Choi–Williams time–frequency transform (DWT–CWTFT). The discrete wavelet transform stage is performed for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain. The discrete wavelet transform stage includes discrete wavelet transform and calculating of discrete wavelet entropies. The extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier is performed for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and classification of radar targets. The performance of the developed GAWELM expert radar target recognition system is examined by using noisy real radar target echo signals. The applications results of the developed GAWELM expert radar target recognition system show that this GAWELM system is effective in rating real radar target echo signals. The correct classification rate of this GAWELM system is about 90% for radar target types used in this study.     

Fault gear identification and classification using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference

In this paper, an intelligent diagnosis for fault gear identification and classification based on vibration signal using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique plays one of the important roles for signal feature extraction in the proposed system. The abnormal transient signals will show in different decomposition levels and can be used to recognize the various faults by the DWT figure. However, many fault conditions are hard to inspect accurately by the naked eye. In the present study, the feature extraction method based on discrete wavelet transform with energy spectrum is proposed. The different order wavelets are considered to identify fault features accurately. The database is established by feature vectors of energy spectrum which are used as input pattern in the training and identification process. Furthermore, the ANFIS is proposed to identify and classify the fault gear positions and the gear fault conditions in the fault diagnosis system. The proposed ANFIS includes both the fuzzy logic qualitative approximation and the adaptive neural network capability. The experimental results verified that the proposed ANFIS has more possibilities in fault gear identification. The ANFIS achieved an accuracy identification rate which was more satisfactory than traditional vision inspection in the proposed system.     

高性能的9/7小波滤波器组设计

提出了一种二进制系数的9/7双正交小波滤波器组.首先对小波滤波器组的完全重构条件和双正交条件进行三角基函数变换和因式分解,然后对求出的小波滤波器系数进行优化设计,从而得到一组滤波器系数都为二进制分数的9/7双正交小波滤波器组,其离散小波变换只需采用简单的"移位-加"即可.理论分析和实验表明:改进的9/7小波滤波器组具有与CDF9/7小波滤波器组相近的性能,同时大大降低了离散小波变换的算法复杂度.因此,非常适用于大规模集成电路的实现.     

基于级联离散小波变换的信号去噪方法研究

提出了基于级联离散小波变换的信号去噪方法。该方法通过对带噪信号作一层离散小波变换(DWT)后提取的低频部分和高频部分分别作一层DWT和四层DWT,然后,对低频部分提取的低频成分和高频成分均作三层DWT,接着,对所有分解的小波系数进行阈值处理,最后,完成信号重构。实验结果表明:在同样的小波分解层次下,本方法去噪效果好于DWT法和WPD法。     

金融高频时间序列的MODWT波动分析

与经典小波变换相比,利用最大交叠小波变换(MODWT)对非平稳时间序列进行分解时,由于没有下采样的过程,因此可以最大限度地减少数据信息的遗失。该文通过对股指期货主力合约一天中的采样数据进行研究。发现MODWT可以有效地对序列中的波动与趋势进行分解。此外文章中还发现,如果分解层数足够多,那么大部分的趋势信息则被波动信息所覆盖。因此总结出用小波对零均值数据进行滤波时,要适当选择分解的层数。     

Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for vigilance level estimation by using wavelet-entropy feature extraction

This paper presents the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for estimation of vigilance level by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded during transition from wakefulness to sleep. The developed ANFIS model combined the neural network adaptive capabilities and the fuzzy logic qualitative approach. This study comprises of three stages. In the first stage, three types of EEG signals (alert signal, drowsy signal and sleep signal) were obtained from 30 healthy subjects. In the second stage, for feature extraction, obtained EEG signals were separated to its sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Then, entropy of each sub-band was calculated using Shannon entropy algorithm. In the third stage, the ANFIS was trained with the back-propagation gradient descent method in combination with least squares method. The extracted features of three types of EEG signals were used as input patterns of the three ANFIS classifiers. In order to improve estimation accuracy, the fourth ANFIS classifier (combining ANFIS) was trained using the outputs of the three ANFIS classifiers as input data. The performance of the ANFIS model was tested using the EEG data obtained from 12 healthy subjects that have not been used for the training. The results confirmed that the developed ANFIS classifier has potential for estimation of vigilance level by using EEG signals.     

小波变换的频响特性及其在语音去噪中的应用

讨论小波变换在实际语音信号去噪处理中应用。由于语音信号的复杂性 ,信号本身含有奇异性 ,因此不能单一使用阈值去噪法。文中定义了小波变换频响特性 ,并利用它重构低尺度参数上的小波变换模极大 ,达到去噪目的。实例证明它的有效性     

一种基于小波域中视觉门限模型的灰度数字水印算法

数字水印技术作为数字产品版权保护的一项新技术,已受到越来越多的关注。为保证水印的鲁棒性,利用人类的视觉特性,文章提出一种基于离散小波变换数字水印技术,并给出了攻击分析。其中,采用灰度图像作为数字水印,具有二维信号可视化的优点。实验表明,该算法能够经受住噪声、高斯滤波、压缩、直方图均衡化、增加对比度等的处理,具有较强的鲁棒性,是一种行之有效的水印嵌入方法。     

FPGA-based IP cores implementation for face recognition using dynamic partial reconfiguration

This paper presents a combination of novel feature vectors construction approach for face recognition using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based intellectual property (IP) core implementation of transform block in face recognition systems. Initially, four experiments have been conducted including the DWT feature selection and filter choice, features optimisation by coefficient selections and feature threshold. To examine the most suitable method of feature extraction, different wavelet quadrant and scales have been evaluated, and it is followed with an evaluation of different wavelet filter choices and their impact on recognition accuracy. In this study, an approach for face recognition based on coefficient selection for DWT is presented, and the significant of DWT coefficient threshold selection is also analysed. For the hardware implementation, two architectures for two-dimensional (2-D) Haar wavelet transform (HWT) IP core with transpose-based computation and dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) have been synthesised using VHDL and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs. Experimental results and comparisons between different configurations using partial and non-partial reconfiguration processes and a detailed performance analysis of the area, power consumption and maximum frequency are also discussed in this paper.     

基于提升框架的实时视频降噪方法

针对基于离散小波变换的视频降噪方法难于实时处理的问题，提出了一种基于提升框架的可实时处理的视频降噪方法。首先，对每帧图像利用提升框架进行多级小波分解，得到尺度系数和小波系数；然后，对不同层次的小波系数采用软阈值收缩方法进行滤波；小波逆变换后，利用时间域滤波方法进一步提高降噪效果。实验结果表明，该方法具有较好的实时性和去噪效果。     

基于小波变换的脑电瞬态信号检测

在脑电（ＥＥＧ）信号分析与处理过程中,瞬态信号的检测和定位具有非常重要的实际意义,传统的瞬态脉冲检测方法是匹配滤波,但匹配波滤需要有关瞬态信号的先验知识,因而在实际应用中受一定的限制,本文用小波变换对含有瞬态干扰的脑电信号进行多尺度分解,在某些尺度下,瞬态信号特征得以明显增强,用简单的阈值比较就可以有效地检测并消除瞬态干扰,实验结果表是有,在缺乏先验知识的条件下,小波变换能有效检测出脑电信号中短时,低能量的瞬态脉冲。     

图像小波分解的FPGA实现

小波分析作为信号处理领域中的一种重要方法,在信号处理、模式分析和图像处理等方面得到了广泛的应用。然而小波变换巨大的运算量却使得它在实时处理领域中的应用受到了限制。本文根据离散小波变换的Mallat算法,提出了一种EPGA实现高速小波分解的方法,设计出的小波变换模块结构清晰而且规则,易于级联,可实现多级变换。同时,,运算精度和处理速度均满足实时图像处理的要求。     

基于陷波器和小波变换去除自发脑电信号噪声的方法

提出了一种将小波变换与陷波滤波器相结合消除自发脑电信号噪声的方法,实验结果显示,两种算法的结合可以产生很好的消噪效果,为后面信号的进一步分析和处理提供了较好的结果.     

整数小波图象变换及统计分析

整数小波变换是一种整数到整数的小波变换,它能够完全地重构原始信号。该文采用了一种新的二维整数小波变换方法,并对于几种不同的整数小波图象变换特性给出了具体的统计数据,并进行了详尽的数据分析。     

一种基于 DWT 的音频水印算法

基于人耳听觉特性和小波变换的时频特性,提出了一种水印嵌入与检测算法。通过提取音频信号幅度的最大值进行小波变换,再在小波变换的重要系数中嵌入水印。仿真实验证明:该算法隐藏水印具有较好的不可感知性和较强的稳健性。     

Epileptic EEG detection using neural networks and post-classification

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has established itself as an important means of identifying and analyzing epileptic seizure activity in humans. In most cases, identification of the epileptic EEG signal is done manually by skilled professionals, who are small in number. In this paper, we try to automate the detection process. We use wavelet transform for feature extraction and obtain statistical parameters from the decomposed wavelet coefficients. A feed-forward backpropagating artificial neural network (ANN) is used for the classification. We use genetic algorithm for choosing the training set and also implement a post-classification stage using harmonic weights to increase the accuracy. Average specificity of 99.19%, sensitivity of 91.29% and selectivity of 91.14% are obtained.     

高性能二维9/7离散小波变换VLSI结构

为了降低二维小波变换中的存储消耗并同时提高电路处理速度,提出了一种二维并行的VLSI结构。通过充分挖掘二维变换中行变换和列变换之间的关系,优化了行变换核和列变换核的并行数据扫描输入方式,将9/7小波变换的中间存储降低至4N。同时,采用基于翻转格式的流水线技术,将电路的关键路径缩短至一级乘法器延时,有效地提高了电路处理速度,并通过伸缩电路合并的优化方法将乘法器个数降低至10个,从而有效地减少了硬件资源消耗。     

基于小波变换的图象内容篡改识别与定位算法

提出了一种对图象内容篡改的识别与定位算法,可用于图象内容的完整性验证。首先对原始图象进行2层小波变换,将变换后的小波近似系数以相邻的4个系数(2X2)为一组,计算每组的均值,利用原始图象的HVS特性,以均值为载体嵌入水印信号,对一般的图象处理操作(有损压缩、中值滤波等),系数的均值比单个系数有较强的稳定性。提取水印时不需要原始图象,实验结果表明,该算法对一般的图象处理操作具有好的鲁棒性而对篡改攻击能准确地识别和定位。