供应链视角下我国突发食品安全事件风险评价

目的:分析我国食品供应各环节食品安全风险的大小,为今后制定突发食品安全事件应急管理策略提供理论基础和技术支持。方法:基于突变理论模型,构建突发食品安全事件风险评价指标体系,对我国2005—2014年间的食品安全风险进行综合评价。结果:总体而言,近10年我国食品安全风险呈缓慢下降趋势,但是从食品供应的3个具体环节来看,风险一直呈现波动趋势,特别是农产品生产和食品生产消费这2个环节,近2年来食品安全风险呈现增长态势。结论:完善食品安全法律法规体系和食品安全监管体系,推动农业分散经营模式向规模化生产模式转变,建立食品安全强制责任保险制度。     

Household Food Insecurity and Canadian Aboriginal Women's Self-efficacy in Food Preparation

Purpose: Determinants of self-efficacy related to food preparation using store-bought food were examined in women belonging to the Atikamekw Nation. Also examined was whether self-efficacy was associated with household food insecurity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 107 women responsible for household food supplies. Two self-efficacy scores were calculated, one for healthy food preparation and one for food preparation in general. Household food insecurity was measured with an adapted version of the United States Food Security Core Module. The other variables were household composition, income sources, food supplies, tobacco use, participants' health status, and lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze associations between self-efficacy and household food insecurity in 99 participants. Results: Severe household food insecurity was associated with significantly lower healthy food preparation scores in Atikamekw women. Other associated variables were food supplies, marital status, alcohol consumption, weight status, and understanding of the native language. Conclusions: Application of the concept of self-efficacy contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing food preparation in Atikamekw women. In this study, self-efficacy in healthy food preparation was linked to food insecurity and obesity, particularly in the most serious cases. Efforts to improve diet will require not only behavioural interventions, but public policies.     

Food-coping strategy index applied to a community of farm-worker households in South Africa

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, households living in informal urban settlements, in rural areas, and on commercial farms experience various levels of dietary variety, food intake, and household hunger. Low incomes, poor food production and availability, and low spending power characterize these households. Households employ various food-coping strategies to alleviate food stress or poor food availability. OBJECTIVE: To apply an existing food-coping strategy (FCS) index to assess household hunger and its usefulness in identifying the level of food stress and the patterns of food coping in farm-worker households. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were gathered from women (18 to 57 years of age) responsible for food provision in a small farm-worker community in Fouriesburg, South Africa. A structured food-coping questionnaire and a standardized FCS index were used to gather data. RESULTS: The two most common FCS used were relying on cheaper food (chicken feet, diluted soya-mince soup) or less preferred food (meat bones) and employing food-seeking strategies (gathering wild foods), followed by consumption of seed stock (maize) and reduced portion sizes (protein foods and side dishes), resulting in starch-based diets of poor variety. Seasonal strategies varied according to the level of food stress experienced. Patterns of food coping were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Negative FCS (limiting food choices, only consuming starchy staples) may cause poor health status. The FCS index was effectively used to assess farm-worker household food-coping behavior (early, clear signals of the level of food distress). These results could be used to allocate appropriate food aid (type of food) and to design nutrition education programs focused on positive FCS (food gathering or bartering) in a particular community to prevent suboptimal nutritional status.     

食品安全性问题初探

阐述了食品的安全性评估：转基因食品的安全性问题，抗生素、农药残留、化学物质对食品的污染，病原微生物对食品的污染，食品加上方法中的污染等。提出了食品安全体系：掌握食品安全知识，提高识别食品认购能力，改进饮食习惯，革除不科学不文明饮食方式。以及制定完善食品卫生标准和执行有关食品卫生法规条例的重要性。提倡大力发展生态农业和无污染、安全、优质绿色食品。依靠对食品生产流通全过程的严格监控，实施HACCP管理，保障食品安全。     

大学生对食品添加剂风险认知现状及影响因素

目的：了解大学生对食品添加剂的认知状况和影响因素,为食品添加剂风险交流提供依据。方法：采用随机抽样方法,对北京大学学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果：北京大学学生对于食品添加剂有较高的风险认知和负性情绪。知识和企业风险控制等对于降低风险认知和负性情绪都有显著影响。但是,知识知晓和企业风险控制评价的情况均较差,71.4%的受访者将违法添加物三聚氰胺等视为食品添加剂,仅8.9%的受访者认为企业会按标准使用食品添加剂。结论：要促进食品添加剂的科学认知、降低负性情绪,应加强食品添加剂知识的科普宣教、并规范企业遵纪守法的行为。     

Food insecurity and dietary intake of immigrant food bank users.

PURPOSE: The degree of food insecurity and dietary intake was examined in adult Colombians who are new immigrants to Canada and use a food bank. METHODS: In-person surveys were conducted on a convenience sample of 77 adult Colombian immigrant food bank users in London, Ontario. Degree of food insecurity was measured by the Radimer/Cornell questionnaire, food intakes by 24-hour recall, sociodemographics, and questionnaires about changes in dietary patterns before and after immigration. RESULTS: Thirty-six men and 41 women participated in the study. Despite being highly educated, all respondents had experienced some form of food insecurity within the previous 30 days. The degree of food insecurity seems to be inversely associated with income and length of residency in Canada. Total daily energy intake was low, with a mean value of 1,568.3 +/- 606.0 kcal (6,217.5 +/- 2,336.4 kJ). In particular, a large proportion of participants consumed a diet low in fruits and vegetables (73%) and milk and dairy products (58%). CONCLUSIONS: Colombian immigrant food bank users new to Canada experience various degrees of food insecurity, which is associated with inadequate food intake. Interventions are needed to assist this population with adapting to society while concurrently sustaining healthy eating patterns.     

基于改进ResNet模型的食品新鲜度识别方法

目的:解决现有食品新鲜度识别方法存在的检测效率低和精度差等问题。方法:基于食品生产线图像采集系统,提出一种改进的残差神经网络模型用于生产线食品新鲜度识别。引入改进的LRELU激活函数提高模型的识别性能,引入批量归一化层提高模型的训练效率,引入Dropout层丢弃一定比例的神经元降低过拟合的影响。结果:与常规食品新鲜度识别方法相比,试验方法能够较为准确、高效地实现食品新鲜度识别,总体新鲜度识别准确率>97%,平均识别时间为9.8 ms,满足食品生产线对新鲜度识别的需要。结论:基于深度学习的检测方法是一种无损、高效、高精度的食品图像新鲜度识别方法。     

北京市食品企事业单位自检人员培训需求调研报告

目的调研目前北京市食品企业自检人员的学历构成、专职情况、持证上岗情况,以及食品检验所需培训的相关岗位和企业对于食品自检人员的培训需求情况。方法从相关行业企业领域展开调研,采取企业走访、问卷调查、会议交流等方式进行。结果此次共调研企业360家,发放调查问卷360份,收回有效问卷355份,收回率为98.61%。食品检验所需培训的相关岗位多集中在理化检测、微生物检测、仪器分析检测等;企业侧重于食品安全与质量控制、仪器分析、微生物学的培训以及快速检测仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、液相色谱仪、气相色谱仪等仪器的培训。结论经过调研发现,众多企业的食品自检人员虽然具备较高的学历和良好的学习背景,但是对于目前食品检验所需的各项专业知识、相关技能、职业素质的要求还相差甚远,持证上岗率较低,对各方面的培训需求旺盛。     

区块链视角下食品供应链多方演化博弈模型

目的：探究区块链应用于食品供应链的影响因素及食品供应链各参与方的行为问题。方法：运用演化博弈方法,构建食品企业、政府和消费者的三方博弈模型,并建立复制动态方程;分析了不同初始值、接入成本、溢价系数、信息真实度等参数变化对于三方策略选择的影响。结果：系统的稳定状态与初始策略人群占比有关;区块链接入成本对食品企业的策略选择影响较大,过高的接入成本会抑制食品企业信息上链的积极性,不利于区块链技术在食品溯源体系的应用推广;因接入区块链导致的溢价会影响消费者购买的积极性;区块链技术的不可篡改性可以提高食品溯源信息的真实度,从而有利于三方主体向着理想状态演化。结论：为从根本上解决食品溯源信息的真实性问题,食品企业应在保证溯源信息真实性的前提下降低可追溯食品溢价程度的价格,政府应在控制可追溯食品的溢价的前提下提高消费者购买的积极性。     

多维度食品安全评估指数体系模型的构建及应用

目的:通过食品安全评价指数体系来评价地区食品安全状况。方法:在构建的指数体系中,综合考虑影响食品安全的各种因素,如地市规模、食品种类、检测项目危害、生产地等,并采用多种数据来源对模型进行支撑。结果:利用2021年广西食品安全评价抽检数据进行实证,分别使用经典大样本估计法和经验贝叶斯估计法进行模型计算后,发现基于食品种类的安全指数的评估结果与简单合格率评估结果存在一定差异,但两种算法均显示餐饮食品的安全情况显著低于其他食品大类。此外,使用贝叶斯估计方法有效解决了合格率为100%或数值普遍接近时的计算问题。结论:该模型可以实现从地区、食品种类、地区和食品种类等多角度、不同层次计算得到食品安全指数结果。     

杭州市流动人口急性腹泻危险因素的病例对照研究

目的了解杭州市流动人口发生急性腹泻的危险因素。方法以杭州市流动人口聚集地作为调查点,采用配对病例对照研究方法和入户调查的方式,收集流动人口急性腹泻病例和对照人群在餐厨环境、食品采购、食品加工、饮食习惯、食品储存等5部分共38个指标的情况,并对数据进行logistic回归模型多因素统计学分析。结果购买新鲜的食物(OR=0.165,95%CI:0.051~0.537)、处理食物前清洁双手(OR=0.192,95%CI:0.038~0.981)、剩余食物再次食用前充分加热(OR=0.238,95%CI:0.057~0.990)是急性腹泻的保护因素。烹调的食物有血水(OR=4.288,95%CI:1.143~16.080),在小摊、路边店、大排档用早餐(OR=31.323,95%CI:1.323~741.570),食用外购熟食(OR=4.640,95%CI:1.538~14.000)是主要的危险因素。结论良好的个人卫生和烹调习惯以及坚持在家用餐是减少流动人口急性腹泻的主要措施。     

层次分析法在食品防护计划实施过程中的应用研究

目的指导食品生产企业有效制定并实施食品防护计划。方法运用层次分析法,结合GB/T27320-2010《食品防护计划及其应用指南食品生产企业》指南中食品防护评估的内容,在分析影响食品生产企业食品防护计划有效实施要素的基础上,构造判断矩阵、进行权重计算和一致性检验,科学地将要素重要性量化。结果食品防护评估的内容重要性排序为:食品防护计划的实施、验证、应急、制定、记录、改进;影响食品防护有效运行的因素排序为:人才培养、设备设施的升级、政府部门指导。结论构建的层次模型对食品生产企业建立并有效实施食品防护计划提供了现成的、科学的评估模型,具有非常实用的价值,能够迅速提升食品防护计划在企业实施的效果,从而避免发生食品安全防护事件。     

2019年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格结果分析

目的：分析2019年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格情况,为今后开展科学规范、检管结合的食品抽检工作提供一定指导意义。方法：汇总2019年国家食品安全监督抽检不合格样品信息,主要从食品大类、被抽样省份、网络平台及进出口抽检情况及不合格项目等方面进行分析。结果：2019年国家食品安全监督抽检共检出不合格样品412批次,问题较突出食品大类有食用农产品、肉制品及特殊膳食食品,不合格批次分别为232、34、26批次,分别占不合格总批次的56.3%、8.3%、6.3%。结论：一是粮、油、乳等日常大宗食品问题较少,但食用农产品中肉、蛋、水产、蔬菜中的农兽药问题不合格批次占比较多;二是长江以南检出不合格样品批次较多;三是新兴购物平台由于入网门槛低等原因不合格问题突出,尤其是糕点、蜂产品等工艺较简单的产品;四是进口食品中特殊膳食食品、饼干等问题突出;五是食用农产品和蜂产品中农兽药问题、各类食品制品中微生物问题仍需加强关注。     

基于DEM离散元建模技术的双轴桨叶式食品混合机运动仿真分析

目的：分析双轴桨叶式混合机内食品粉体颗粒的运动混合特性,优化验证混合机结构。方法：采用EDEM软件对3种不同尺寸的食品粉体颗粒按比例混合进行仿真,以后处理Bin Groups建立混合箱观察混合情况,并通过研究不同类型食品粉体之间的颗粒数量来进行评估。结果：在t=5 s时,3种粉体食品颗粒所对应的方格中颗粒数量还存在一定的差距,但是基本相差不大,3种粉体食品颗粒的混合程度已经很高;3种粉体食品颗粒之间的接触随时间的变化趋势大体上是相同的,随着时间的增加,各种粉体食品之间的接触数量也随之增加,待t=8 s之后,各种粉体食品颗粒之间的接触数量基本达到稳定值。结论：采用离散元法可以有效分析桨叶式混合机中粉体食品的混合情况。     

我国食品安全监管研究的文献计量及可视化分析

目的 对我国食品安全监管的研究文献计量并进行可视化分析.方法 以"食品安全监管"为主题词,选取中国知网数据库中2003—2021年收录的来源于核心期刊的937篇相关文献,基于CiteSpace软件对收集的文献数据进行关键词共线分析、关键词突变分析、关键词聚类分析及时区图分析,探讨我国食品安全监管研究的演进历程、研究热点...     

生物传感法检测食品中的触酶阳性菌

目的：建立一种检测食品中触酶阳性菌的生物传感法。方法：在一次性丝网印刷电极上聚合辣根过氧化物酶制备检测食品中触酶阳性菌的生物酶传感器,将丝网印刷电极插入电极插口与电化学工作站相连,组装成检测触酶阳性菌的生物电化学传感仪,采用时间- 电流法记录响应的结果。结果：对不同来源的食品,当触酶阳性菌菌落数达到104CFU/mL,即可检测到电流变化,检测所需时间根据样品中菌落数的不同而定,一般仅需1～3h即可推测出样品中原有触酶阳性菌含量,最长通过7h 的增菌培养即可推测出含有0.1CFU/mL 的样品。结论：用该方法检测食品中触酶阳性菌便捷、灵敏、准确,可发展成为一种快速检测食品中触酶阳性菌生物传感器。     

2005年我国食品进出口形势分析及展望

<正>伴随国内食品工业的快速发展,行业结构得到了优化,特别是上个世纪 90年代以来,我国食品工业每年以10．4％的速度增长,也带动了我国食品的国际竞争力进一步提升。进入21世纪后,在国内经济发展推动食品消费不断升级以及我国加入世界贸易组织的大背景下,我国食品工业继续保持着蓬勃发展的态势,食品进出口规模也不断扩大,2001年我国食品进     

Nutritional quality and price of university food bank hampers.

PURPOSE: Food insecurity appears to be a growing problem for post-secondary students, but little study has been made of the 51 campus-based food banks that exist. In 2003-04, the University of Alberta Campus Food Bank (CFB) distributed hampers intended to supply four days of food to 630 unique clients, of whom 207 (32.8%) were children. The nutritional adequacy of food hampers and cost saving to students were evaluated in the current study. METHODS: Hampers prepared for one adult, and for one adult with one child, were nutritionally evaluated and scored for number of servings according to Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. Two types of hampers were evaluated: those containing only non-perishable items, and those containing non-perishable and perishable items. Hamper contents were priced to establish the cost saving to students. RESULTS: The study revealed that a student with one child would receive up to 58.02 Canadian dollars worth of food in a hamper that contained perishable items. All hampers met the recommended minimum servings for each food group, but were very low in fat and protein from animal sources. CONCLUSIONS: Because students can obtain hampers only twice each month, the CFB is not the solution to food insecurity on campus. Awareness of the issue of post-secondary student food insecurity needs to be raised.     

食品包装薄膜渗透性及其影响因素的研究

影响食品包装薄膜材料渗透性的因素有很多。本文经归纳整理，从以下三个方面研究了各因素对渗透性的影响；一、薄膜材料，二、渗透气体，三、环境因素。文章对各因素的影响进行了详细的定性和定量分析，并以大量的图表加以说明。对改进食品包装的质量。延长食品的货架寿命有重要意义。     

肉苁蓉在保健食品中的应用

肉苁蓉具有多种保健功能,已批准的含有肉苁蓉为原料的保健食品共47种,其保健功能主要为缓解体力疲劳、延缓衰老、增强免疫力、通便等,以肉苁蓉为原料开发保健食品具有广阔的前景。本文总结了肉苁蓉作为原料在保健食品中的使用情况,介绍了肉苁蓉的化学成分与药理作用、安全性评价的相关内容,汇总了已批准的以肉苁蓉为原料的保健食品情况,分析了肉苁蓉在保健食品中的应用情况,以期为肉苁蓉作为保健食品原料开发利用提供参考。