冠状动脉内血栓吸引在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用价值

目的评价冠状动脉内血栓吸引治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的疗效和安全性。方法选取88例因AMI行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时发现冠状动脉内有血栓的患者,随机分为血栓吸引组43例和对照组45例。血栓吸引组采用抽吸导管对冠状动脉内血栓进行吸引,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。观察术后两组TIMI血流分级、ST段回落情况、30d和1年时左心室射血分数(LVEF)以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果与常规PCI相比,血栓吸引能显著改善心肌灌注(术后即刻TIMI血流3级:36例比30例,P<0.05),使ST段明显回落[术后2h ST段回落≥50%者:65.2%(28/43)比35.6%(16/45),P<0.01];血栓吸引组30d和1年时LVEF有升高趋势、MACE发生率有下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义。结论与常规PCI相比,血栓吸引安全有效,能明显改善即刻心肌灌注,增加ST段回落,有改善1年临床预后的倾向。     

非顺应性球囊后扩张在低血栓负荷的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的应用研究

目的:探讨使用非顺应性球囊行后扩张(post-dilatation, PD)治疗在低血栓负荷的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, STEMI)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:连续选取2016年1月至2021年12月因STEMI合并T2DM在我院行急诊PCI的患者122例,根据是否在PCI后行PD治疗分为PD组(n=78)及非PD组(n=44),比较两组的临床资料、手术情况、术后TIMI血流、术后ST段抬高指数回落(∑STIR)情况、住院期间主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生率以及PCI术后一年LVEF、支架内再狭窄和MACE发生率。结果:与非PD组相比,PD组住院期间MACE发生率(15.9%比3.8%)、PCI术后一年的支架内再狭窄(14.3%比2.6%)和MACE发生率(21.4%比2.6%)均显著降低(P<0...     

延迟和急诊冠状动脉介入治疗ST段抬高性心肌梗死48例疗效分析

目的 探讨延迟和急诊经皮冠状动脉介人治疗(PCI)对ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的疗效及安全性.方法 48例STEMI患者,延迟PCI 20例,急诊PCI 28例.观察PCI术中球囊、置入支架参数及介入时间,术后TIMI血流分级、无复流现象的发生率、室性心律失常的发生率、心功能的影响以及住院期间PCI临床成功率和主要心脏不良事件(MACE,包括死亡、急性心肌梗死、再次血管重建术)发生率.结果 48例患者处理病变50处,共置入55枚支架,其中药物支架(DES)46枚.临床总成功率为89.6%,急诊PCI为82.1%,延迟PCI为100%.住院期间死亡率为6.2%.与急诊PCI比较,延迟PCI选用支架长度增加(27.10±4.10%和23.00±5.86,P＜0.01),减少室性心律失常的发生(10%和42.8%,P＜0.05),能够恢复TIMI血流3级(100%和85.7%),无复流现象减少(0和10.7%),能改善心功能(53.4±4.2和54.7±6.3)以及减少住院期间MACE事件发生(0和17.8%,P＞0.05).结论 选择最佳时期行延迟PCI开通梗死相关血管是安全可行的.但DES时代晚期开通梗死相关动脉(IRA)的远期结果尚待进一步的临床研究.     

比伐卢定对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入患者心功能的影响

目的探讨比伐卢定对急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者术后心功能的影响。方法选取行急诊PCI治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者116例,随机分为比伐卢定组(比伐卢定+PCI)59例和对照组(普通肝素+PCI)57例。比较两组患者PCI术后梗死相关动脉TIMI血流分级,90 min心电图ST段回落百分比(sum-STR);术后12 h及7、30 d血清N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)变化,并观察术后30 d内主要心脏不良事件(MACE,心绞痛发作、再次心肌梗死、急性心衰、心源性猝死)和出血的发生率。结果两组患者急诊PCI术后TIMI 3级血流比例,术后12 h血清NT-proBNP水平及超声心动图LVEDd、LVEF相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后90 min心电图回落百分比,7、30 d血清NT-proBNP水平及LVEDd、LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且比伐卢定组术后30 d内MACE和出血的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论比伐卢定能明显改善急诊PCI患者术后心功能,并减少MACE及出血的发生率。     

经灌注球囊冠状动脉注射维拉帕米处理介入术中慢血流与无复流的疗效

目的探讨经灌注球囊注射维拉帕米处理PCI中慢血流与无复流(SNR)的有效性和安全性。方法选择急性冠状动脉综合征行PCI中发生SNR的患者129例,急诊PCI 75例,挽救PCI 1例,择期PCI 53例。SNR发生在支架置入术后90例,后扩张后39例。将灌注球囊置于发生SNR的冠状动脉近端,注射维拉帕米200~1000μg(平均450μg)。观察注射维拉帕米前后靶血管前向血流TIMI分级、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)、患者急诊PCI术后ST段回落情况,并记录院内和随访30d的主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果维拉帕米注射后TIMI 3级比例较注射前明显升高(89.9%vs 37.2%,P<0.01);TMP 0~1级比例明显降低(11.6%vs 76.0%,P<0.01),CTFC明显降低[(37.0±21.3)帧vs(66.0±27.5)帧,P<0.01]。75例急诊PCI患者中,ST段完全回落23例,部分回落20例,无回落32例。急诊PCI院内死亡1例,其余患者随访30d无MACE发生。结论应用灌注球囊冠状动脉内注射维拉帕米处理PCI术中出现的SNR可能有效、安全。     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果分析

目的分析替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取我院2011年1月—2014年1月收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者98例,随机分为对照组48例和观察组50例。两组患者入院后均给予常规药物治疗和PCI,观察组患者在此基础上给予替罗非班。观察两组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率,术后48 h主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率、出血事件发生率,术后6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果观察组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后48 h MACE发生率、出血事件发生率、术后6个月LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI中应用替罗非班安全有效,其可有效改善患者TIMI血流及心肌灌注,且并不增加MACE、出血事件发生风险。     

冠状动脉使用替罗非班对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后TIMI血流、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(TnT)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将164例入选的行急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为冠脉使用替罗非班组(冠脉组,84例)和静脉使用替罗非班组(静脉组,80例),在急诊PCI术前及完成后测定梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流,在发病12、24h采静脉血查CK-MB及TnT。观察PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落情况,观察PCI术后3d出血事件。随访30d记录MACE。结果:与静脉组比较,冠脉组明显改善PCI术后IRA的TIMI血流[(2.95±0.17)∶(2.84±0.22),P0.05],明显降低12、24h时的CK-MB与TnT水平(均P0.05),明显增加PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落70%的例数(P0.05)。两组术后出血事件及30dMACE没有显著差异。结论:对于行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,与静脉使用替罗非班比较,冠脉使用替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注,减小心肌梗死面积。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急诊介入治疗中慢血流现象的临床疗效

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂治疗急诊PCI中出现冠状动脉慢血流现象(CSF)患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法入选99例急诊PCI中出现CSF的患者,根据是否冠状动脉内注射替罗非班,分为替罗非班组44例和对照组55例;比较2组PCI术后即刻TIMI血流,术后90min完全ST段回落率、住院期间以及3个月随访LVEF、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和出血事件。结果与对照组比较,替罗非班组术后ST段回落率明显增加(84.1%vs 65.5%,P=0.036),LVEF改善情况明显提高[(7.74±4.21)%vs(5.17±3.63)%,P=0.002],2组术后3个月MACE发生率无明显差异(P=0.466);出血事件差异无统计学意义(P=0.302)。结论急诊PCI中出现CSF情况时,冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可改善心肌灌注,加快LVEF的恢复。     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗时间对心功能的影响

目的:探讨介入治疗时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)早期心肌灌注及心功能的影响. 方法:将272例STEMI在我院行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者根据发病到开始PCI的时问分为两组,6 h内为早期介入组(n=152),6～12 h为延迟介入组(n=1 20).于入院72 h内及PCI后6个月分别行超声心动图检查,测定左室射血分数(LVEF).比较两组术后TIMI血流、LVEF及纽约心功能分级(NYHA),判断心肌再灌注及心功能的状况. 结果:两组患者术前基本临床情况无显著意义.早期介入组达TIMI 3级率显著高于延期介入组(90.8%对78.3%,P<0.05).两组在出院前LVEF无统计学差异,术后6个月早期介入组LVEF明显高于延期介入组(59%对53%6,P<0.05). 结论:STEMl在发病6 h内行PCI较发病6～12 h内行PCI,更能改善心肌再灌注及远期心功能水平.     

PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)联合血栓抽吸治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床疗效。方法行急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者324例为研究对象,将血栓抽吸后直接植入支架的173例为观察组,将球囊预扩张后植入支架的151例为对照组,比较两组血栓抽吸后即刻及支架植入后TIMI血流分级情况、住院期间及随访12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和次要终点事件发生率。结果支架植入后观察组TIMI血流≥Ⅱ级的比例高于对照组(P<0.05);支架植入2 h后,两组植入支架数、植入支架长度及支架直径无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组肌钙蛋白(c Tn)T峰值及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值显著低于对照组,ST段回落>50%的比例及术后10 d的左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者住院期间MACE和次要终点事件发生率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访12个月,观察组MACE和次要终点事件发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血栓抽吸后直接行PCI治疗STEMI可显著改善患者心肌再灌注,改善短期预后。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.