Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金的高温抗氧化性能

采用称重法测得Cr18Ni30Mo2Al3Nb合金在不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线。结果表明,该合金的氧化曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,具有优良的抗氧化性能。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射的方法对氧化膜表面形貌及结构进行研究,该合金在3个温度下氧化膜完整致密,700℃氧化膜主要由Fe和Cr的混合氧化物(Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3和少量Al的氧化物组成;800℃氧化膜主要是Al和Cr的混合氧化物(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和少量Al2O3及少量Fe的氧化物;900℃氧化膜主要是(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和Al的氧化物,还含有少量Fe(Cr,Al)2O4和MnFe2O4。     

含铝奥氏体耐热钢的高温氧化性能

以Fe-18Cr-30Ni为基础,添加不同含量的Al设计了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢。利用氧化质量增加法研究了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢在700、800和900 ℃下空气中的氧化行为,绘制了氧化动力学质量增加曲线,并利用XRD、SEM和EDS对氧化膜的表面形貌及结构进行了表征。结果表明,1～3号钢在900 ℃时均形成了较为致密的Al2O3内层氧化膜,合金表面生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为 Al2O3、(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr, Al)2O4;1号钢氧化过程中还形成了富（Cr, Fe）的混合氧化物,降低了Al2O3氧化膜的连续性;4号钢900 ℃并没有形成致密的Al2O3内层氧化膜,生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为 (Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr, Al)2O4。     

新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的高温抗氧化性能

利用氧化增量法测得新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对合金表面高温氧化膜的形貌及组成进行了分析和检测。结果表明,新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的高温氧化动力学曲线为Δm=atn。700℃和800℃氧化后,氧化膜均由Fe2O3和NiCr2O4组成;900℃氧化后,氧化膜表面有尖晶石结构的Fe(Cr,Al)2O4氧化物生成。     

新型含铝奥氏体耐热钢高温氧化行为

对新型含铝奥氏体耐热钢分别在700、800和900℃下进行了循环氧化试验,并采用增重法研究了高温氧化动力学曲线,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)系统地表征氧化膜层的元素、结构和形态。结果表明:该新型耐热合金氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律; 700℃氧化膜主要由C_r2O_3和Fe_2O_3的混合氧化物与少量Al_2O_3构成;800和900℃氧化膜由内层的Al_2O_3和亚表层的(Cr,Al)_2O_3与表层的尖晶石结构的Fe(Al,Cr)_2O_4构成。     

金属型铸造Fe3Al合金的高温抗氧化行为

采用静态增重法测定了中频感应炉熔炼、金属型冷却制备的Fe3Al合金在700、850、1000℃的高温氧化行为,700、850℃时合金的氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律,1000℃的则不符合;合金在氧化过程中表现为完全抗氧化级.X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,700℃×125h的氧化膜主要由FeAl2O4、Cr2O3和少量的Al2O3组成;850、1000℃时氧化膜分为两层,内层主要由FeAl2O4和Fe2O3组成,表层为Al2O3,在实验时间内Al2O3氧化膜没有完全覆盖内层氧化膜;随着氧化温度的升高,氧化时间的延长,合金表层的Al2O3氧化膜将由θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变.     

含铝奥氏体耐热钢的高温抗氧化性能

以Fe-18Cr-30Ni为基础,添加不同含量的Al设计了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢。利用氧化质量增加法研究了4组新型奥氏体耐热钢在700、800和900℃下空气中的氧化行为,绘制了氧化动力学质量增加曲线,并利用XRD、SEM和EDS对氧化膜的表面形貌及结构进行了表征。结果表明,1~3号钢在900℃时均形成了较为致密的Al2O3内层氧化膜,合金表面生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为Al_2O_3、(Al_(0.9)Cr_(0.1))_2O_3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr,Al)_2O_4;1号钢氧化过程中还形成了富(Cr,Fe)的混合氧化物,降低了Al_2O_3氧化膜的连续性;4号钢900℃并没有形成致密的Al_2O_3内层氧化膜,生成的复合氧化膜由内到外依次为(Al_(0.9)Cr_(0.1))_2O_3、尖晶石氧化物Fe(Cr,Al)_2O_4。     

奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Ni3Mn11Cu3NbN高温抗氧化性能

采用称重法测得了奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Ni3Mn11Cu3NbN在不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线,结果表明,该钢在700℃和800℃的氧化曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,根据平均氧化速度的评级标准,在此温度下钢＂完全抗氧化＂。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射的方法对氧化膜表面的形貌及结构进行了研究,发现该钢700℃氧化膜致密完整,主要由Mn2O3、MnFe2O4（尖晶石结构）和Cr的氧化物组成;800℃氧化膜出现脱落,主要由Mn2 O3、MnFe2 O4（尖晶石结构）、Cr的氧化物和Fe的氧化物组成;900℃氧化膜脱落严重,主要由Mn2O3、Fe2O3、尖晶石结构的MnFe2O4组成。     

新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的高温抗氧化性

利用氧化增量法测得新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对合金表面高温氧化膜的形貌及组成进行了分析和检测。结果表明,新型Cr18Ni31Al合金的高温氧化动力学曲线为Δm。700 ℃和800 ℃氧化后,氧化膜均由Fe₂O₃和NiCr₂O₄组成;900 ℃氧化后,氧化膜表面有尖晶石结构的Fe(Cr, Al)₂O₄氧化物生成。＝atⁿ     

800H合金的高温抗氧化性能

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等,对800H合金高温氧化膜的增厚动力学、形貌及氧化物组成进行了分析。结果表明,700和800℃下形成的氧化膜相近,由(Cr,Fe)2O3和Mn-Cr氧化物组成;900℃时的氧化膜急剧增厚,里层依然是Cr2O3,中间层则是Cr-Fe-Mn氧化物,外层为富Ti的氧化物。通过热力学和动力学计算,提出了800H合金氧化膜形成的模型,发现TiN的存在改变了氧化膜的结构。     

混合稀土阻燃ZM5合金表面氧化膜再生能力研究

将ZM5-0.1%RE合金加热到800℃,当表面氧化膜形成后,冷却至室温,去除表面氧化膜,制成经过氧化的ZM5-0.1%RE合金,通过分析该合金的TGA曲线、恒温氧化动力学曲线以及表面氧化膜的XRD谱,对其表面氧化行为进行研究。结果表明:该合金具有良好的杭氧化性,氧化质量增加主要发生在400～700℃;该合金在600、700℃的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律,在合金表面生成了一层由(RE)2O3、MgO、Al2O3、Mg17Al12组成的厚度为4.0～5.5μm致密氧化膜,以抑制基体镁合金的进一步氧化;说明ZM5-0.1%RE合金表面氧化膜具有良好的再生能力。     

铸造镍基合金K444在900℃空气中的长期氧化行为

用热重法研究镍基高温合金K444在900℃下氧化1000 h的动力学。结果表明,K444合金氧化动力学遵从抛物线规律,以x射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析及电子探针成分分析测定氧化膜的组成,结果表明氧化膜由多层组成,外层为TiO₂,内层以Cr₂O₃为主还包括内氧化层和贫Υ′层。观察到沿晶界偏聚的碳化物氧化,提出了氧化饥制。     

Oxidation characteristics of Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo

Static oxidation kinetics of Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo (atomic percent) were investigated in air over the temperature range of 650–1000°C using thermogravimetric analysis. The oxidation kinetics were complex at all exposure temperatures and displayed up to two distinct stages of parabolic oxidation. Breakaway oxidation occurred after long exposure times at high temperatures. Oxidation products were determined using x-ray diffraction techniques, electron microprobe analysis, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Oxide scale morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy of the surfaces and cross-sections of oxidation specimens. The oxides during the parabolic stages were compact and multilayered, consisting primarily of TiO₂ doped with Nb, a top layer of Al₂O₃ and a thin bottom layer of TiN. The transition between the first and second parabolic stage is linked to the formation of a TiAl layer at the oxide-metal interface. Porosity also formed in the TiO₂ layer during the second stage, causing degradation of the oxide and breakaway oxidation.     

Effects of aluminum on the oxidation of 25Cr-35Ni cast steels

The oxidation kinetics and morphological development during reaction of two cast austenitic steels at 1000°C in pure dry oxygen at 20 kPa are reported. Both steels contained approximately 25 wt.% Cr and 35 wt.% Ni and, in addition, one steel contained 3.3 wt. %. Both steels oxidized to form external scales consisting mainly of Cr₂O₃ with a thin outer layer of manganese rich spinel. Scale growth kinetics were parabolic, and somewhat faster rates were observed for the aluminum bearing steel. In both steels, deep internal oxidation occurred at the site of primary (interdendritic) carbides. The kinetics of this process were parabolic, and rate control was attributed to oxygen diffusion along the interface between internal oxide and matrix metal. In the aluminum-free steel, interdendritic carbides were converted to chromium rich oxide, but when aluminum was present, a sheath of aluminum rich oxide formed around the carbides. In this latter case, the rate of interdendritic penetration was somewhat slower. The aluminum bearing steel also formed large numbers of rod-shaped Al₂O₃ precipitates within the austenitic dendrites. Deepening of the Al₂O₃ precipitate zone also proceeded according to parabolic kinetics at a rate consistent with rate control by diffusion of oxygen along the oxide-alloy interfaces.     

等离子喷涂NiCrCoAlY涂层氧化控制研究

利用等离子喷涂技术制备了NiCrCoAlY粒子和涂层,研究了等离子喷涂过程中NiCrCoAlY粒子的氧化行为以及屏蔽气体对NiCrCoAlY涂层抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,粒子在飞行过程中存在对流氧化和扩散氧化两种氧化机制,对NiCrCoAlY粒子来说,在距喷嘴55 mm以内的射流中心处以对流氧化为主,在距离喷嘴55 mm以外将以扩散氧化为主;除飞行中的氧化外,粒子在喷涂过程中还发生形成涂层后的氧化,NiCrCoAlY粒子以飞行中的氧化为主;添加屏蔽气体能减少喷涂过程中涂层的氧化,提高涂层的抗高温氧化性能     

纯钛TIG焊接接头的高温氧化行为

对纯钛氩弧焊焊接接头在550 ℃下氧化不同时间（2,4,6,8 h）以及在不同温度（650,750,850,950 ℃）下氧化4 h的氧化动力学、氧化形态和氧化产物进行了研究。结果表明,在550 ℃下,氧化时间对焊接接头氧化行为的影响有限,而氧化温度对纯钛焊接接头的氧化行为有显著影响,且温度越高,氧化越严重。在低温下,纯钛焊接接头的氧化动力学接近准线性定律,随着温度升高,氧化速率呈指数增长。此外,焊接接头表面产生的氧化产物是具有锐钛矿和金红石结构的TiO₂,温度对TiO₂的类型没有明显影响。纯钛焊接接头的氧化过程可描述为：氧气在表面被吸收;氧化物优先在缺陷区形核;氧化物横向生长、增厚。在较高温度下,氧化膜中出现裂纹或空隙,成为O原子传输通道,导致O和Ti原子的高扩散速率和氧化速率。     

The Effect of Crystallographic Orientation on the Oxidation Behavior of a Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy

The oxidation kinetics of DD100 nickel-base single-crystal alloy, with (221) and (100) surface orientations were tested in this study by thermogravimetry. A pronounced anisotropy in both the cyclic and isothermal oxidation resistance of DD100 alloy was observed. The (221) crystallographic surface of DD100 had a slower oxidation rate than the (100) surface when isothermally exposed to stationary air at 950°C, whereas the opposite results were obtained at 1050°C. When cyclically oxidized at 1100°C, the weight loss of samples with (221) surfaces was significantly greater than that of (100) surfaces, so that the cyclic-oxidation anisotropy was more remarkable at 1100°C than at 950°C. The different spatial alignment of the / interface is thought to be responsible for the anisotropic oxidation behavior of the nickel-base single crystal alloy.     

High temperature oxidation of metals under time-dependent gas pressure

A theoretical study on the high-temperature oxidation of thick oxide films grown under a time-dependent gas partial pressure is reported. The diffusion across the film is assumed to be the rate-limiting step of the overall reaction, and Wagner's hypotheses were used as the starting point for our reasoning. A general formulation for the oxidation under no time constant gas pressure, in terms of a time-dependent answer function is given. The effect of an external electric field on the reaction rate is also reported when a constant current density,J, is applied to the oxide scale. If the oxide is a good electronic conductor atJ=0 andt , we found that the reaction rate assumes formally the well-known Wagner's expression of the rate constant but with a gas partial pressure at oxide/gas interface which is a time function. If the oxide is a good ionic or electronic conductor, the effect due to an external electric field,J 0, on the reaction rate is the same as predicted by the Wagner's theory.     

Fe-Y合金在800℃空气中的氧化行为

研究了Fe-5Y和Fe-10Y合金在800℃空气中的氧化行为。结果表明：二元Fe-Y合金氧化动力学曲线不规则,此温度下Fe-10Y合金的氧化速率高于Fe-5Y合金的氧化速率。Fe-5Y合金及Fe-10Y合金形成了相似的氧化膜结构,且它们都发生了内氧化现象。同时合金未形成单一的Y₂O₃层,这归结于Y在Fe中非常低的溶解度及合金中两相共存而阻碍了Y通过合金向外扩散。     

V/Nb对Ti-45Al-9(V, Nb, Y)合金抗氧化性能的影响

βγ-TiAl合金具有良好的高温变形能力,为TiAl合金的发展开辟了新的途径。成功制备了不同x=V/Nb(x=1,1.5,2,3.5)的βγ-TiAlTi-45Al-9(V,Nb,Y)合金,研究了上述合金在800℃静止空气中的氧化行为。结果表明:当x=1时,Ti-45Al-9(V,Nb,Y)合金中形成条带状、连续致密的Al2O3氧化层,显著提高了合金的抗氧化能力。随着x=V/Nb的增加,Al2O3氧化层厚度变薄,合金的抗氧化能力下降。     

Oxidation resistance of eight heat-resistant alloys at 870°, 980°, 1095°, and 1150°C

Oxidation testing of heat-resistant alloys is described. The testing procedure utilized weight-gain measurements using one specimen, which was withdrawn and weighed at intervals of 1 week, for 10–18 weeks. The specimen was placed in a porcelain cup during exposure and covered upon cooling to retain spalled oxide. Weight gain was used to determine the kinetics of oxidation and was extrapolated to 3000 hr. The specimen was withdrawn at the end of the exposure, weighed, cathodically descaled, and reweighed. The ratio of oxygen ions to metal ions was determined for each alloy and test temperature. This ratio approaches the stoichemetric ratio for Fe₃O₄ or Cr₂O₃. The ratio for each test is used to convert weight gain to weight loss. The amount of adherent oxide was determined as well as the total amount of oxide, leading to an expression for oxide adherency. The oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys increased with increasing Cr and Ni, with Cr being the most critical element. Additions of Si, Al, or Ce were shown to extend the usefulness of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys.