山茱萸炮制历史沿革及现代研究

对山茱萸炮制历史沿革及现代研究进行分析,指出山茱萸炮制中存在的问题及解决方法,为山茱萸炮制的系统研究奠定了基础。     

山茱萸炮制的历史沿革

概述了山朱萸炮制的历史沿革、传统炮制理论及现代研究结果，为合理、准确地制订山茱萸炮制工艺提供了依据。     

山茱萸炮制历史沿革及临床应用研究

目的：探讨山茱萸炮制历史沿革及现代研究概况，确定山茱萸加工炮制研究内容和方案。方法：查阅资料，分析整理。结果：山茱萸加工和炮制历史悠久，方法较多，工艺不明确，现代炮制研究较少，没有饮片质量标准。结论：非常有必要在对山茱萸加工“去核”和加热蒸制的方法和工艺进行规范化研究的基础上，制定饮片质量标准。     

山茱萸炮制的历史沿革

概述了山茱萸炮制的历史沿革、传统炮制理论及现代研究结果，为合理、准确地制订出茱萸炮制工艺提供了依据。     

山茱萸饮片紫外谱线组的研究和比较

目的:建立不同方法制山茱萸饮片紫外谱线组,比较山茱萸炮制前后紫外图谱最大吸收的变化。方法:用紫外分光光度计测定山茱萸不同炮制品粉末的不同溶剂浸提液的紫外吸收波长。结果:山茱萸炮制前后紫外图谱最大吸收的变化不大,氯仿提取液的紫外吸收处的波长变化明显。结论:常压酒蒸和加压酒蒸炮制可能产生了新的成分,应进一步研究。     

山茱萸炮制过程中的红外光谱与美拉德反应

目的 利用红外光谱技术,分析炮制过程中山茱萸红外光谱的宏观和指纹特征与美拉德反应的关系。方法 以酒蒸法炮制山茱萸药材,对炮制过程中不同时间点的酒萸肉饮片进行红外光谱信息采集并进行分析。结果 根据红外光谱信息,可以推断山茱萸中存在醇类、有机酸类、酯类等化合物,炮制过程中各类成分有规律地变化并趋于稳定,在3 309、1 713、1 028 cm-1有特征吸收。过程分析发现氨基化合物在0~24 h内含量变化呈上升趋势,而在24~48 h之间含量呈下降趋势,结合前期对山茱萸炮制过程中美拉德反应的理化参数研究结果,判断24 h为最佳炮制时间。结论 红外光谱分析快速、方便,特征性强,可以识别山茱萸炮制品中的主体成分,与美拉德反应相结合,为炮制工艺的优化提供科学的依据。      

山茱萸炮制前后对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的 探讨山茱萸炮制前后对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 采用CCl4造成小鼠急性肝损伤模型,以血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平作为考察指标,观察山茱萸炮制前后对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的影响.结果 山茱萸炮制后中剂量组血清ALT、AST活性及肝脏MDA含量明显降低,肝脏SOD水平则明显升高,且与同一剂量生品组比较有显著性差异.结论 山茱萸炮制后对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用增强.     

山茱萸炮制的历史沿革研究概况

随着现代医药科技的飞速发展，延缓衰老、健康长寿已为广大人民群众日益期盼，名贵中药材山茱萸因含有丰富的营养和珍贵的保健成分以及微量元素日益成为科学研究热点。山茱萸，别名山萸肉、枣皮、萸肉，为山茱萸科落叶小乔木植物山茱萸Comus officinalis Sieb．et Zucc．的干燥成熟果肉，是古代中、日、朝三国使用频率最高的25种植物药之一。山茱萸，首载《神农本草经》，主心下邪气，寒热，温中，逐寒湿痹，去三虫、久服轻身，具有补肝肾、益精气、降血糖、抗菌、利尿、降压和免疫功能”，为临床常用中药饮片，也是我国40多种用量最大的骨干中药之一。临床调剂多以炮制（酒制、醋制）后使用，其炮制方法历史久远，炮制工艺各异。本文就其传统炮制理论、炮制工艺，以及现代研究近况作一概述，为近一步探讨山茱萸炮制工艺提供参考。     

从中医院等级复审看“中药炮制质量”

<正> 中医院等级评审即是国家中医药管理局对于提高各级中医院整体水平而制定的全方位衡量中医院质量水平的一个标准。当然它包括中药质量和中药炮制质量,且所占比重较高。但是在检查中发现,中药质量与前几年比较有明显的提高,炮制质量却仍然存在不少问题,现举几例略作讨论。1 山茱萸 在检查中发现不少单位实际上不炮制以生品入药,询问调剂人员也不知道生品和炮制品在应用上有何区别及“处方应付”如何处理,故有必要作一阐述。 山茱萸别名山萸肉、山芋肉、芋肉、山芋。 本品来源为山茱萸科植物的干燥成熟果肉。因一般医院进货已经过产地炮制,故一般炮制不做赘述。仅就制山茱萸做简要介绍:净山茱萸,加黄酒拌匀,置木或竹笼中密闭,隔水加热炖透或至黄酒吸尽色变黑时,取出干燥。山茱萸每100kg,用黄酒20kg(山西中药炮制规范)。2000年版《药典》记载:取净山     

正交试验法优选山茱萸高压酒蒸工艺的研究

目的 优选山茱萸的最佳高压酒蒸工艺。方法 以马钱苷、5-羟甲基糠醛为指标,采用正交试验法,考察酒用量、闷润时间、蒸制温度、蒸制时间4个因素(每个因素取3个水平),对山茱萸最佳炮制工艺进行优选。结果 最佳酒蒸工艺为取山茱萸100 g,加入20%酒,闷润1 h,115 ℃高压蒸1 h。结论 优选得到的山茱萸炮制工艺稳定、合理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.