铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解水中的十溴联苯醚

采用铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解模拟废水中的十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)。探索了铁碳微电解法降解BDE-209的影响因素,考察了铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法对BDE-209的降解效果。实验结果表明:在模拟废水BDE-209质量浓度为1 mg/L、初始废水p H为2.0、铁碳质量比为1∶1、铁粉投加量为12 g/L、微电解温度为40 oC、微电解时间为60 min的条件下,铁碳微电解法的BDE-209降解率达到82.5%;当H2O2溶液投加量为4 m L/L时,铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法的BDE-209降解率达到95.7%。说明添加H2O2的Fenton体系对BDE-209的降解有明显促进作用。     

稳定态纳米零价铁-厌氧菌联合处理法降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚

利用SEM、XRD、FTIR等手段对稳定态纳米零价铁（NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI）进行表征，并考察NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI-厌氧菌体系对2，4，6-三氯苯酚（2，4，6-TCP）的降解效果。实验结果表明：NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI具有较强的抗氧化能力及较好的分散性；当2，4，6-TCP质量浓度 50 mg/L、NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI加入量1 g/L、初始 pH 7.00、反应120 h时，2，4，6-TCP的去除率为34.76%，一级降解速率常数为0.022 1，均远大于普通纳米零价铁颗粒；在NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI-厌氧菌体系中，2，4，6-TCP的去除率可达82.70%，NH₂-SiO₂@NZVI与厌氧微生物之间表现出明显的协同效应，能有效缓解2，4，6-TCP对厌氧微生物的抑制作用，稳定体系pH，提高微生物的降解活性和产甲烷活性。     

电动力学作用下多溴联苯醚在土壤中的迁移特性

以4，4′-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15)为研究对象，探讨了电极电压、初始土壤pH、β-环糊精加入量、NaCl加入量等工艺条件对多溴联苯醚在土壤中迁移效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电极电压为5~15V范围内，随着电极电压的升高，土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果增强;初始土壤为酸性时、加入β-环糊精或NaCl后，土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果均增强。本实验选择的最佳工作条件为:电极电压15V，初始土壤pH3，β-环糊精的加入量3g，NaCl加入量5g。     

多溴联苯醚降解和分析研究进展

介绍了多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在环境中的分布情况，综述了近年来国内外对PBDEs测定方法以及化学催化降解、生物降解和热解等PBDEs降解技术的研究进展，并对PBDEs研究的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉的制备及其对Pb2+的吸附

以玉米淀粉为载体，采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉，并用于溶液中Pb2+的去除。采用SEM技术对吸附材料进行了表征。考察了溶液pH、纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉加入量、初始Pb2+质量浓度、反应时间等因素对Pb2+吸附效果的影响。表征结果显示，纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉球体间主要呈链状连接，不仅保持了纳米零价铁的特性，且颗粒的团聚现象明显减少。实验结果表明，在溶液pH 7.0、纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉加入量0.8 g/L、初始Pb2+质量浓度50 mg/L、反应时间60 min的条件下，纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉对Pb2+具有较好的吸附效果，Pb2+去除率为93.17%、吸附量为47.27 mg/g。     

零价铁/炭纤维预处理制药废水

以炭纤维为载体,采用电沉积法制备零价铁/炭纤维,考察了零价铁/炭纤维对制药废水COD的去除效果。SEM表征结果显示,炭纤维表面光滑,炭纤维上负载的零价铁呈现大小不一的球状。实验结果表明:在初始废水p H为5、铁碳质量比为2∶1、固液比(固体质量以铁计)为90 g/L、曝气量为80 L/h的条件下,采用零价铁/炭纤维体系处理COD=10 082.63 mg/L、色度为135倍、p H=7.3、SS=250 mg/L、Na Cl质量分数为3.5%的制药废水,COD去除率可达72.79%,出水COD为2 743.48 mg/L,减轻了后续生化处理工艺的进水负荷;零价铁/炭纤维降解制药废水中COD的过程符合三级反应动力学方程。     

零价铁-Fenton试剂体系降解有机污染物的研究进展

零价铁-Fenton试剂体系在对许多有机污染物有着较好的处理效果的同时,有效地克服了单独零价铁还原与传统Fenton反应的缺点.本文分析了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系的作用机理,总结了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系在处理有机污染物中的新进展,介绍了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系与其他技术联用降解有机污染物的研究成果.并讨论了对该反应有较大影响的几种因素.针对目前的研究中出现的一些问题,结合实际的需要,提出了今后需关注的研究方向.     

铁基催化剂在过硫酸盐高级氧化中的研究进展——非自由基途径

综述了铁基催化剂活化过硫酸盐产生非自由基降解有机污染物的机理，介绍了零价铁、铁氧化物、铁碳复合材料和铁单原子催化剂通过非自由基途径降解有机物的研究进展，展望了铁基催化剂在过硫酸盐非自由基高级氧化方面的发展方向，为该技术在实际有机废水处理方面的研究和应用提供参考。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测溴代物阻燃剂

建立了废旧电子电器产品塑料及线路板中溴代物阻燃剂的气相色谱-质谱联用快速检测方法。以氯仿-正己烷（体积比为1：1）为萃取剂，超声萃取1h后，4种阻燃剂的回收率均高于91％，相对标准偏差低于0．51％，方法检出限为5mg／kg。该方法萃取时间短，操作简便，实用性强，可成功用于多种多溴联苯醚和四溴双酚A的检测。     

过氧化氢、过碳酸钠活化过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤

分别以H₂O₂和Na₂CO₃·1.5H₂O₂活化Na₂S₂O₄降解原油污染土壤,考察氧化后土壤的原油降解率、pH、微生物含量以及原油组分的变化,比较两种活化剂对过硫酸钠氧化—微生物降解联用技术修复原油污染土壤效果的影响。实验结果表明：两种活化剂氧化处理7 d后的最大原油降解率分别达到42.94%和44.07%;氧化后原油组分的占比情况发生变化,w（饱和烃）增加5.28~11.93个百分点,而w（芳香烃）、w（胶质）和w（沥青质）则分别降低了0.10~2.53,2.53~3.80,0.94~3.43个百分点;添加微生物菌剂进行50 d的生物降解后,两种活化剂的最大原油降解率分别达到71.00%和75.70%,比单独微生物降解时提高了5.96~12.08个百分点。     

零价铁催化过二硫酸盐降解苯胺

采用Fe⁰催化过二硫酸钠（PS）降解水中苯胺（AN）。在Fe⁰-PS体系中，Fe⁰在酸性条件下被氧化生成Fe²⁺，Fe²⁺可以催化PS产生强氧化性的SO₄^#x02022;-，发生类Fenton试剂氧化反应，从而降解AN。实验结果表明，在PS加入量为6.0mmol/L、Fe⁰加入量为35.7mmol/L、反应时间为120min的条件下，AN降解率可达81.4%，TOC去除率达52.6%，一级反应速率常数为0.03819min^-1。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in leachates from selected landfill sites in South Africa

The last few decades have seen dramatic growth in the scale of production and the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as flame retardants. Consequently, PBDEs such as BDE -28, -47, -66, -71, -75, -77, -85, -99, -100, -119, -138, -153, -154, and -183 have been detected in various environmental matrices. Generally, in South Africa, once the products containing these chemicals have outlived their usefulness, they are discarded into landfill sites. Consequently, the levels of PBDEs in leachates from landfill sites may give an indication of the general exposure and use of these compounds. The present study was aimed at determining the occurrence and concentrations of most common PBDEs in leachates from selected landfill sites. The extraction capacities of the solvents were also tested. Spiked landfill leachate samples were used for the recovery tests. Separation and determination of the PBDE congeners were carried out with a gas chromatograph equipped with Ni63 electron capture detector. The mean percentage recoveries ranged from 63% to 108% (n=3) for landfill leachate samples with petroleum ether giving the highest percentage extraction. The mean concentrations of PBDEs obtained ranged from ND to 2670pgl(-1), ND to 6638pgl(-1), ND to 7230pgl(-1), 41 to 4009pgl(-1), 90 to 9793pgl(-1) for the Garankuwa, Hatherly, Kwaggarsrand, Soshanguve and Temba landfill sites, respectively. Also BDE -28, -47, -71 and BDE-77 were detected in the leachate samples from all the landfill sites; and all the congeners were detected in two of the oldest landfill sites. The peak concentrations were recorded for BDE-47 at three sites and BDE-71 and BDE-75 at two sites. The highest concentration, 9793+/-1.5pgl(-1), was obtained for the Temba landfill site with the highest BOD value. This may suggest some influence of organics on the level of PBDEs. Considering the leaching characteristics of brominated flame retardants, there is a high possibility that with time these compounds may infiltrate into the groundwater around the sites since most of the sites are not adequately lined.     

Development of a catalytic dehalogenation (Cl,Br) process for municipal waste plastic-derived oil

Dehalogenation is a key technology in the feedstock recycling of mixed halogenated waste plastics. In this study, two different methods were used to clarify the effectiveness of our proposed catalytic dehalogenation process using various carbon composites of iron oxides and calcium carbonate as the catalyst/sorbent. The first approach (a two-step process) was to develop a process for the thermal degradation of mixed halogenated waste plastics, and also develop dehalogenation catalysts for the catalytic dehydrochlorination of organic chlorine compounds from mixed plastic-derived oil containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. The second approach (a single-step process) was the simultaneous degradation and dehalogenation of chlorinated (PVC) and brominated (plastic containing brominated flame retardant, HIPS–Br) mixed plastics into halogen-free liquid products. We report on a catalytic dehalogenation process for the chlorinated and brominated organic compounds formed by the pyrolysis of PVC and brominated flame retardant (HIPS–Br) mixed waste plastics [(polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)], and also other plastics. During dehydrohalogenation, the iron- and calcium-based catalysts were transformed into their corresponding halides, which are also very active in the dehydrohalogenation of organic halogenated compounds. The halogen-free plastic-derived oil (PDO) can be used as a fuel oil or feedstock in refineries.     

TiO2光催化法降解空气中的苯

以紫外灯为光源，采用P25型TiO₂光催化降解空气中的苯。为保证TiO₂的高分散性、增加其在铝板上的附着牢固性，加入了聚乙烯醇和硅溶胶，这在一定程度上增加了催化剂对光能的利用率，但也造成了催化剂活性的降低。实验结果表明：苯的光催化降解反应属一级动力学反应;苯降解率随初始苯质量浓度的增加而减小，随反应面积的增大而增大，在253.7 nm波长光源下的降解效果优于365.0 nm;苯降解所得的气相产物主要为CO₂和CO;随使用次数的增加，催化剂失活现象逐步显现;双氧水对催化剂的再生效果优于去离子水。     

Individual and simultaneous degradation of brominated high impact polystyrene and brominated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and removal of heteroelements (Br,N, and O) from degradation oil by multiphase catalytic systems

Brominated high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br), which contained decabromodiphenyl ether flame retardant, and brominated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS-Br), which contained bromine-containing epoxy-type flame retardant, were degraded at 450°C individually and in a 1/1 mixture by a thermal and catalytic procedure using folded sheet mesoporous (FSM) and ZSM-5 zeolite in liquid phase contact mode. The two polymers produced similar degradation oils but at a higher yield for HIPS-Br. However, the composition and distribution of Br-, N-, and O-containing compounds depended on the type of flame retardant in HIPS-Br and ABS-Br. Multiphase catalytic systems consisting of FSM in liquid phase contact mode and various CaH-, FeO-, CoMo-, and NiMo-based catalysts, or combinations of these catalysts, in vapor phase contact mode were used to decrease the amount of heteroatoms (Br, N, and O) in the degradation oils. Each system gave particular results in terms of mass balance and concentrations of heteroatoms. A FSM (liquid phase contact)/CaHC (vapor phase contact) combination was the best catalytic system to remove Br-, N-, and O-containing compounds from degradation oils.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in e-waste: Level and transfer in a typical e-waste recycling site in Shanghai,Eastern China

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the electronic waste (e-waste) as one of the most PBDEs emission source. This study reported concentrations of PBDEs in e-waste including printer, rice cooker, computer monitor, TV, electric iron and water dispenser, as well as dust from e-waste, e-waste dismantling workshop and surface soil from inside and outside of an e-waste recycling plant in Shanghai, Eastern China. The results showed that PBDEs were detected in the majority of e-waste, and the concentrations of ΣPBDEs ranged from not detected to 175 g/kg, with a mean value of 10.8 g/kg. PBDEs were found in TVs made in China after 1990. The mean concentrations of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Korea, Japan, Singapore and China were 1.84 g/kg, 20.5 g/kg, 0.91 g/kg, 4.48 g/kg, respectively. The levels of ΣPBDEs in e-waste made in Japan far exceed the threshold limit of RoHS (1.00 g/kg). BDE-209 dominated in e-waste, accounting for over 93%. The compositional patterns of PBDEs congeners resembled the profile of Saytex 102E, indicating the source of deca-BDE. Among the samples of dust and surface soil from a typical e-waste recycling site, the highest concentrations of Σ₁₈PBDEs and BDE-209 were found in dust in e-waste, ranging from 1960 to 340,710 ng/g and from 910 to 320,400 ng/g, which were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than other samples. It suggested that PBDEs released from e-waste via dust, and then transferred to surrounding environment.     

压裂返排液的处理及回用

制备了沸石负载纳米TiO_2催化剂和蒙脱土负载纳米零价铁吸附剂,结合传统处理技术,构建了"絮凝—预氧化(Fenton氧化)—沸石负载纳米TiO_2催化臭氧氧化—蒙脱土载负纳米零价铁吸附"组合工艺,处理压裂返排液,考察了影响COD去除效果的因素。实验结果表明:在催化剂投加量1.0 g/L、臭氧通入时间5 min、吸附剂投加量5.0 g/L、吸附时间4 h的最佳条件下,COD从原水的4 032.60 mg/L降至37.03 mg/L,处理后出水各项指标均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准;80℃下,出水回用配制的压裂液黏度为4.4 mPa·s,高于自来水配制和压裂返排液配制的压裂液,耐温性有一定提升。     

零价铁活化过硫酸钠深度处理电镀添加剂生产废水

采用零价铁(ZVI)活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生·SO_4~-,以·SO_4~-为氧化剂深度处理电镀添加剂生产废水。考察了废水p H、n(ZVI)∶n(PS)、c(S_2O_8~(2-))和反应温度对废水COD去除率的影响。实验得出废水处理的最佳工艺条件:废水p H为5.0,n(ZVI)∶n(PS)=1.00,c(S_2O_8~(2-))=15 mmol/L,反应温度为50℃。在此最佳工艺条件下反应60 min,COD去除率达到76.8%,出水COD约为42 mg/L,满足GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级标准要求。