北京地区居住建筑太阳能与地埋管热泵系统供热综合应用分析

本文针对北京地区居住建筑的具体情况和要求,在常规太阳能热水系统和地埋管热泵系统的基础上,提出了用于居住建筑供热的太阳能与地埋管热泵系统供热综合应用系统,并对系统流程与控制策略进行了分析,给出了该系统的使用条件和范围。本文为该系统的推广和应用提供了基础,有利于进一步在建筑中推进可再生能源技术的应用。     

兰州地区地源热泵与太阳能联合空调系统方案的评价

针对兰州地区冬冷夏凉的气候特点,研究了地源热泵系统与太阳能热水系统联合运行的新型空调系统在该地区的应用。太阳能热水系统可以解决地埋管换热系统冬季吸热与夏季排热不平衡的问题,保证地源热泵系统的稳定高效运行。以兰州新区地源热泵工程为例介绍了太阳能如何与地源热泵匹配的方案,并且对比了联合空调系统与常规空调的运行费用,表明该系统具有技术可行性,可以推广应用。     

南京市可再生能源建筑应用的潜力及经济分析

文章在南京市建筑能耗统计调查的基础上,将太阳能热水系统、地源热泵系统和热泵热水系统与民用建筑应用相结合,分析各种可再生能源形式在居住建筑、机关办公建筑、商业建筑、宾馆酒店建筑中常规能源的替代率、节能量水平和投资回收期。最后形成了南京市可再生能源建筑应用的分析表。     

太阳能+地源热泵并联热水系统冬季运行特性研究

利用笔者设计的太阳能+地源热泵并联热水系统实验平台,研究了该系统在冬季太阳能辐照量不足的情况下的运行特性.结果表明,采用太阳能+地源热泵并联热水系统不但可以满足学生公寓对生活热水的需求,而且总体效率保持在4.0以上,其中地源热泵系统在日均运行时间达16 h的冬季依然保持着较高的性能,其COP值均值为3.0.太阳能+地源热泵并联热水系统在冬季宜采用地源热泵为主热源、太阳能为辅助热源或完全采用地源热泵制热的运行模式.     

河北保定新建建筑应用可再生能源有补贴

近日《保定市可再生能源建筑应用示范城市建设的实施意见》正式出台,新建建筑应用可再生能源补贴标准同时出炉。实施意见规定,12层及以下新建居住建筑和实行集中供应热水的医院、学校、饭店、游泳池、公共浴室等热水消耗大户,必须采用太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化技术。具备利用太阳能热水系统条件的12层以上居住建筑,应采用太阳能热水系统。具备可再生能源利用条件的政府投融资建筑项目及1万平方米以上的大型商场、酒店、医院,应至少利用一种可再生能源。对使用太阳能和浅层地能等可再生能源建筑应用     

多种节能技术在联体别墅中的应用

分别从太阳能空调、地暖、全天候热水复合能量系统及自动控制方式,通过太阳能与建筑结合,太阳能烟囱设计,温屏节能玻璃性能等方面介绍了联体别墅节能技术的应用情况.特别对太阳能空调、地暖、全天候热水复合能量系统进行了详细的阐述.     

昆明地区高层住宅太阳能热水系统设计

太阳能热水系统在多层居住建筑中已得到了广泛推广和运用,但在高层住宅中,采用太阳能热水系统的并不多见。结合实践工程,介绍了在高层住宅中应用太阳能热水系统的两种方式以及辅助热源的选择,并重点介绍一种新型热水系统循环方式——套管自循环技术,该技术解决了集中热水供应系统的一些弊端,优化了供水系统,既充分利用了太阳能,又满足了用户对热水的高品质要求,并极大地节约了循环系统的能耗。     

建筑一体化太阳能热水系统应用技术研究

现阶段,我国主要以住宅小区以及高层建筑为主要居住形式。本文围绕太阳能热水系统与建筑设计一体化的多个方面,进行了太阳能热水系统关键技术的应用研究,从城市高层住宅对太阳能的有效利用以及建筑单体设计与太阳能利用以及热阳能热水系统技术整合设计等多方面进行研究,形成了较为完善的系统性设计方法。本文研究结果大大有利于高层住宅太阳能热水系统的开发以及利用,推广以及规范了太阳能热水系统在建筑工程中的应用。     

太阳能热水系统与建筑结合标准和图集

介绍了《民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范》国家标准的编制背景、主要技术内容.该标准的核心是太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化.太阳能热水系统要纳入建筑设计中,由建筑设计人员和太阳能热水系统人员密切配合共同完成.还介绍了《太阳能热水器选用与安装》国家建筑标准设计图集的主要内容,给出了太阳能集热器安装在建筑屋面、墙面和阳台等部位的建筑构造,并介绍了太阳能热水系统方面的相关知识和国内外太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化的工程实例.     

太阳能热水系统的设计与应用研究

本文针对高层建筑适用的太阳能热水系统方案进行剖析,指出了目前国内太阳能热水系统和高层住宅结合中存在的两方面问题.提出高层建筑规模化应用太阳能热水系统的应用策略和技术方案,同时列举了太阳能热水系统和建筑的结合方法.最后详细阐述了分散式太阳能热水系统.     

Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues

Using neutron activation analysis, vanadium was analysed in a range of foods, human body fluids and tissues. On the basis of these results and those of other workers, it was concluded that daily dietary intake amounts to some tens of micrograms. Analysis of body fluids (including milk, blood and excreta) and organs and tissues provided an estimate for the total body pool of vanadium in man of about 100 μg. Vanadium was not detectable in blood and urine at the level of 0.3 ng/g, while low levels were found in muscle, fat, bone, teeth and other tissues. The relationship between dietary intake to pulmonary absorption is discussed in relation to the occurrence of vanadium in man-made air particulates. The very low levels found in milks and eggs suggest minimal vanadium requirements in growth. The findings are discussed in the light of previous results and also in relation to the possible essentiality of vanadium.     

Iodine-129 in thyroid and urine in Ukraine and Denmark

Human thyroids collected from Gomel in Belarus, sheep thyroid from Jutland and human urine from Zealand in Denmark were analysed for 129I and 127I concentrations. The ratios of 129I/127I in human thyroid in Gomel are 2.65-11.0 x 10(-9) with an average of 7.21 x 10(-9), which is one order of magnitude higher than those from Asia and South America (10(-10)), but significantly lower than those observed in west Europe (10(-8)). A weak negative correlation (P < 0.05) between 129I/127I ratio in human thyroid and the age of the subjects was observed in Gomel. The average ratio of 129I/127I in sheep thyroids from Jutland of Denmark is 1.81 x 10(-7), which is two orders of magnitude higher than those in south hemisphere, and Asia. It is also significantly higher than those observed in other west European countries before 1984 and that in human thyroid in Gomel. The high thyroid 129I level in Jutland is attributed to the release of reprocessing plants in France and UK. The 129I/127I ratios in human urine in Zealand of Denmark are 0.86-2.86 x 10(-8). The possibility of using urine 129I to evaluate the thyroid exposure to 129I is investigated.     

Perchlorate in raw and drinking water sources in England and Wales

A well‐known use of perchlorate is as a rocket fuel propellant; however, more widespread uses include in munitions and fireworks, and it also occurs naturally. Perchlorate suppresses the thyroid, which can lead to a variety of adverse effects. It is a widespread contaminant in the United States, but limited occurrence data in the United Kingdom exist, and even less for drinking water. Monitoring of 20 raw and treated drinking water sites in England and Wales, covering four seasonal periods, showed that perchlorate is a low‐level background contaminant of raw and treated drinking water. Low concentrations (treated drinking water: <0.020–2.073 μg/L, mean 0.747 μg/L) were detected at every higher‐risk site. The concentrations were comparable in each of the four sampling exercises and no significant trends were apparent relating to the time of year, the type of risk or the method of chlorination. Limited data showed that removal by ion exchange and granular‐activated carbon may occur.     

儿童青少年近视的防控研究进展

儿童青少年近视率一直处于高位并持续上升,严重影响了我国儿童青少年的学习和生活,本研究通过查阅国内外治疗儿童青少年近视相关著作及文献,针对目前儿童青少年近视防控手段的进展,对各治疗方案进行分析和研究。     

Lead and cadmium contents in cereals and pulses in north-eastern China

It is known that, unlike Japanese, Koreans or southern Chinese who depend on rice as a major source of energy for daily life, people in north-eastern China rely not only on rice, but on wheat and other cereals and to a lesser extent also on pulses. Cereal and pulse samples were collected from open markets in north-eastern China, and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) for two potentially hazardous heavy metals — lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The average Pb level in cereals (31.3 ng Pb/g as a geometric mean) and that of pulses (25.7 ng Pb/g) were similar to each other with no significant difference. Among the cereals, Pb contents were higher in foxtail millet (54.3 ng/g) and lower in maize (35.4 ng Pb/g; grain and flour in combination), wheat flour (28.8 ng Pb/g) and rice flour (22.7 ng Pb/g). Lead levels in two important types of pulses, kidney bean and soybean (24.6 and 30.8 ng Pb/g, respectively), were comparable to the levels in rice and wheat. In contrast, Cd levels were substantially higher in pulses (55.7 ng Cd/g) than in cereals (9.2 ng Cd/g), and among the pulses, Cd in soybean (55.7 ng Cd/g) was significantly higher than that in kidney bean (23.8 ng Cd/g). The possible public health implication of the Pb and Cd levels, especially the high Pb level in foxtail millet (54.3 ng Pb/g) and the high Cd level in soybean (73.5 ng Cd/g), is discussed.     

德国城乡景观与中国景观问题

2003年,笔者获得德国DAAD(德国国际学术交流基金会)奖励资助,作为访问学者在德国逗留了4个月(4月～8月).在这期间,笔者还考察了法国、丹麦、瑞典和意大利,但我认为还是德国的景观最为优雅和美丽.     

广义文脉与规划设计教育

城市规划设计教育不仅应关注历史化,还应关注自然、社会和经济;不仅应关注地方和传统,还应关注全球和未来。城市规划教育应掌握正确的发展观和方法论,肩负起发展地万脉的历史使命,保护社会公众的利益,推动城市持续发展。     

创新创业教育在高校实践教学中的研究与探索

大学生创新创业教育的开展对高校人才培养体系的完善具有非常重要的意义。针对目前我国高校创新创业教育模式的问题与不足进行探讨,分析研究了创新创业教育的实质,最后重点阐述了在实践教学中如何加强创新思路的引导,建立有效激励机制,开展创新及创业教育的应对策略,促进对大学生实践创新能力、创业就业能力和持续发展能力的培养。     

武汉城市景观文化生态保护建设的问题与对策

城市文化生态是形成城市特色的文化要素。历史古迹,优秀建筑,空间形态,环境特色,作为城市文化生态的显现部分,既是城市文化底蕴直观生动的反映,也是市民的情感港湾和精神家园。理应得到珍惜和保护。该文在系统地概括武汉景观文化生态特点的基础上,重点分析了当前武汉城市景观规划建设中的文化生态问题,提出了武汉今后改进城市景观文化生态规划建设的对策建议。