关于高性能混凝土若干问题的探讨

随着混凝土技术的发展,混凝土耐久性变得越来越重要,高性能混凝土得到了广泛应用.本文主要探讨了高性能混凝土的涵义及其特点,分析了高性能混凝土的组成材料与选择及高性能混凝土施工及养护过程的问题.     

高性能混凝土的养护

养护对混凝土的水泥水化有重大的影响,养护的温度和湿度是影响水泥水化的关键因素,早期良好的养护能减少高性能混凝土的自收缩。分析了高性能混凝土组成结构上的特点并阐述了高性能混凝土在养护上的特点。为了更好地应用高性能混凝土,一个重要方面就是通过适宜的养护方法获得高性能混凝土的全面性能。为了获得所期望的混凝土强度和耐久性性能,充分的养护显得极为重要。     

高性能混凝土自养护研究

养护的有效性与否,严重影响到高性能混凝土的性能,养护的温度和湿度,是影响其性能的关键因素。文中分析了高性能混凝土的结构特点并阐明了其养护的独特机理,列举了几种传统的养护方法。但由于高性能混凝土的特点,传统措施不适用高性能混凝土。而自养护混凝土在控制各种收缩变形、提高水泥水化、改善微观结构以及增强耐久性能等方面,效果显著,表明自养护技术可以成功地应用于外部养护相对不敏感的高性能混凝土之中。     

粉煤灰高性能混凝土养护方法的试验研究

论述了粉煤灰高性能混凝土的试验及养护方法，就养护条件对粉煤灰高性能混凝土强度和变形性的影响进行了分析，总结了相关经验，为提高混凝土的耐久性和强度提供了参考。     

养护制度对负温混凝土耐久性的影响

研究了标准养护、恒负温养护、变负温养护(人工、自然)三种养护条件下的高性能混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性及抗冻性的对比情况。试验结果表明,恒负温养护制度对高性能混凝土耐久性降低最大,随着温度的降低,高性能混凝土的抗压强度、抗渗性、抗冻性能呈下降趋势,在变负温养护制度下,高性能混凝土的力学性能和耐久性好于恒负温养护的混凝土,试验结果证明通过早期延长预养时间、掺加防冻剂等措施对负温高性能混凝土的耐久性具有提高作用。     

高性能混凝土施工质量的监理控制

介绍了高性能混凝土施工前的准备工作,从原材料、混凝土的搅拌、浇筑、振捣、养护及拆模等方面就高性能混凝土施工质量的监理控制进行了探讨,提出了不同环境气温下混凝土的质量控制措施,以确保高性能混凝土的质量.     

关于高性能混凝土若干问题的探讨

随着混凝土技术的发展,混凝土耐久性变得越来越重要,高性能混凝土得到了广泛应用。本文主要探讨了高性能混凝土的涵义及其特点,分析了高性能混凝土的组成材料与选择及高性能混凝土施工及养护过程的问题。     

C60高性能蒸汽养护混凝土试验研究

通过试验研究,配制出满足设计要求的C60高性能蒸汽养护混凝土,与标准养护混凝土相比,其强度及耐久性能均有一定程度的损失,但采用正交试验、高性能混凝土技术、弱蒸汽养护制度能降低蒸汽养护带来的不利影响,配制出满足工程使用的高性能蒸汽养护混凝土。     

自养护高性能混凝土的试验研究

通过正交试验,研究了掺加自养护剂高性能混凝土在标准养护和自然养护条件下的28d抗压强度,分析了配制自养护高性能混凝土的可行性。试验表明:掺入自养护剂后,低水胶比高性能混凝土在自然环境下无需人工养护,其28d抗压强度和相应的标养混凝土相同。在高性能混凝土中掺入含水率高的预湿轻质骨料自养护剂,可以改善混凝土的水化状态,减少干缩应力,节省混凝土的养护费用,是一种提高高性能混凝土养护效果的新方法。     

超高强高性能混凝土的体积变形性能研究

研究了不同胶集比、不同养护条件对超高强高性能混凝土体积变形的影响;探讨了石灰石粉对超高强高性能混凝土体积变形的影响.试验结果表明,水泥净浆的收缩显著地高于砂浆和混凝土;不同养护条件下的混凝土的体积变形差别较大,且水养护会产生湿胀变形的现象;石灰石粉对超高强高性能混凝土的体积变形有抑制作用.     

施工方式对高性能混凝土抗冻性影响的研究

应用正交试验设计,设计9组高性能混凝土。正交试验为三因素三水平,选取L9(34)正交表。三因素三水平分别为搅拌(人工搅拌,机械搅拌,超时机械搅拌)、振捣(人工振捣,机械振捣,免振捣)及养护(自然养护,标准养护,绝湿养护)。针对该9组混凝土冻融循环试验,对试验结果进行正交试验的级差分析及方差分析。     

A combined ultrasound method applied to high performance concrete with silica fume

The use of ultrasonic relative amplitude ratio (RAR) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) to evaluate the strength of high performance concrete (HPC) with 10%, 20% and 30% silica fume content at water/binder ratios from 0.22 to 0.40 with different curing conditions is presented in this paper. As the composition, maturity, free water content and curing conditions are factors that influence the strength of concrete, their effect on the measured UPV and the RAR are determined. Results show that UPV measurement is less sensitive at high level of strength but has good correlation with the compressive strength of HPC with silica fume, whereas RAR maintain good sensitivity at all level of strength (irrespective of the factors that influence the strength) with reduced correlation coefficient. The suggested combined UPV and RAR-strength correlation can be used to estimate the compressive strength of HPC with silica fume and can be combined with other nondestructive testing methods for better estimation of strength.     

Experimental study of early-age behavior of high performance concrete deck slabs under different curing methods

Curing techniques and curing duration have crucial effects to the strength and durability of concrete. Proper curing can protect against moisture loss from fresh concrete. The objective of this experimental study is to examine the early-age behavior of high-performance concrete (HPC) under various curing methods. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the early-age shrinkage development, temperature change, and evaporation rate when different curing methods were used. Four curing techniques and two curing durations were applied to concrete deck slab and cylindrical specimens. The measured experiment data were also compared with several shrinkage prediction models. The results show that proper moisture-curing methods can effectively reduce concrete temperature due to hydration heat and limit the development of early-age shrinkage strains. The concrete of a longer curing duration would yield lower shrinkage deformation and lower evaporation rate.     

Super absorbing polymers as an internal curing agent for mitigation of early-age cracking of high-performance concrete bridge decks

High-performance concrete (HPC) with low w/b-ratio experiences a considerable chemical shrinkage and self-desiccation during its hydration process, leading to a rather high autogenous shrinkage deformation during hardening. In case the free deformation of the concrete is prevented, internal stresses are introduced, which can lead to premature cracks. These early-age cracks can severely affect the durability of a concrete structure. By adding super absorbing polymers (SAP) into the HPC as an internal curing agent, and by adding additional curing water to the concrete mixture, the chemical shrinkage and the self-desiccation during hydration of the concrete is counteracted and thus the autogenous shrinkage of the HPC can be significantly reduced. Unfortunately, this process of internal curing also has some disadvantageous effects on the mechanical properties. In search of an optimization of the internal curing process, an extensive experimental program was performed on HPC, using different degrees of internal curing, to assess the mechanical and thermal properties of the HPC, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the performed curing. The goal is to obtain a maximal autogenous shrinkage reduction and a minimal strength reduction. The resulting effect on the early-age cracking risk is simulated by means of finite element calculations. The simulations also include thermal stress development due to the heat of hydration. In case 70 kg/m³ of internal curing water is provided via the SAP, an optimal reduction of the cracking risk is noticed, mainly caused by the autogenous shrinkage reduction and the appearing expansive deformation peak directly after setting takes place.     

高性能混凝土产业化发展的若干思考

本文通过对高强高性能混凝土的研究应用回顾,提出了普通混凝土高性能化是今后我国高性能混凝土产业化发展的主导方向,也是解决当前泵送混凝土普遍存在的早期开裂趋势明显的主要技术途径。对制约高性能混凝土产业化发展的水泥品质、现行规范和施工养护工艺等因素作了深入阐述。     

约束条件下高性能混凝土的早期开裂

早期收缩开裂是高性能混凝土，特别是大流动度混凝土施工应用中经常出现的质量通病。这种裂缝的产生主要与混凝土配合比、养护条件及混凝土所处约束条件有关。本文对掺硅灰、粉煤灰等矿物掺合料的高性能混凝土在约束条件下的早期开裂进行试验研究。结果表明：掺硅灰加剧了混凝土的早期开裂；优质磨细粉煤灰的加入对混凝土早期开裂有一定的抑制作用。     

利用当地材料配制高性能混凝土的试验研究

充分利用邯郸当地材料 ,采用正交设计方法配制高性能混凝土 ,分别考察各因素对混凝土工作性及各龄期抗压强度的影响 ,并与基准混凝土对比。试验研究证明 :利用邯郸当地原材料 ,配制高性能混凝土是完全可以实现的 ,并将获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

高性能混凝土中饱水轻集料的微养护作用及其机理

在高性能混凝土中掺用适量的饱水轻集料，可提高其内部相对湿度，促使水泥达到最大水化程度，并减少混凝土结构的开裂机率。本文阐述了微养护的重要性，分析了微养护的作用机理，提出了微养护所需轻集料用量的计算方法。     

大掺量矿物掺合料在京沪高铁高性能混凝土中的应用

本文介绍了京沪高速铁路中采用大掺量矿物掺合料进行高性能混凝土的配制和施工技术,从混凝土的配合比设计、浇筑与养护等主要环节进行施工控制,指出了大掺量高性能混凝土的施工注意事项。     

HPC配合比设计研究

介绍了国内外HPC配合比设计的方法,各种方法所存在的共同缺陷就是不能反应HPC配合比设计受多种因素的综合影响,对此我们应用BP人工神经网络来进行HPC配合比设计,结果表明,该方法很好地为HPC配合比设计提出了一条可行之路。