乌司他丁对GalN／LPS引起大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察乌司他丁（UTI）对D-氨基半乳糖（D-GaIN）／脂多糖（LPS）引起大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,探讨其作用机制。方法72只SD雄性大鼠进行随机对照分组实验,分为正常对照组、模型组和UTI处理组,各组再分为6h、12h、24h、48h取材4个亚组。腹腔内注射D-GalN／LPS建立大鼠急性肝损伤模型,UTI处理组则在腹腔内注射D-GalN／LPS后立即注射UTI。在相应时间点,门静脉采血检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、一氧化氮（NO）水平;肝组织切片观察肝脏病理形态学变化;测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性。结果与模型组相比,UTI处理组血清ALT、AST水平在12h、24h和48h组均明显降低（P〈0．01）;UTI处理组TNF-α、NO水平则在6h和12h有明显降低（P〈0．01或0．05）;UTI处理组肝组织MDA含量在12h、24h和48h明显降低〈P〈0．01）;UTI处理组处理6h后Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论UTI对GalN／LPS引起大鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用,主要通过其抗炎、抗氧化和抗凋亡作用。     

川芎嗪对急性百草枯中毒大鼠肝组织NO和iNOS的影响

目的探讨川芎嗪对急性百草枯中毒大鼠肝组织一氧化氮（NO）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的影响及作用机制。方法将50只SD大鼠随机分成5组,空白对照组、阴性对照组、阳性对照组、川芎嗪低剂量组和川芎嗪高剂量组。观察大体标本、组织病理,测定血清中ALT、AST、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平,同时测定肝组织NO含量和iNOS活性。结果与阴性对照组比较,阳性对照组及川芎嗪低剂量组血清ALT、AST、MDA及肝组织NO浓度、iNOS活性均降低,血清SOD、GSH-Px均升高（P〈0.01,〈0.05）;而川芎嗪高剂量组血清ALT、AST、MDA及肝组织NO浓度、iNOS活性无统计学意义;肝组织病理损伤也显著减轻。结论川芎嗪对百草枯诱导的肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用可能是通过抑制NO水平和iNOS活性而实现的。     

凯西莱抗小鼠过氧化肝损伤的作用

目的　研究凯西莱抗小鼠过氧化肝损伤的作用。方法　采用四氯化碳 (CCl4)腹腔注射制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,以凯西莱 50mg/kg治疗 ,每日 1次。连续治疗 4天后 ,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)和丙二醛 (MDA)水平及肝脏MDA、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平 ,观察肝组织病理变化。结果　与正常组相比较 ,CCl4 模型组血清ALT、MDA和肝脏MDA水平均显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,肝脏GSH和SOD水平则显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,同时肝组织病理损伤明显。凯西莱可显著降低血清ALT和MDA水平及肝组织MDA含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,使肝脏GSH和SOD恢复至正常水平 (P >0 .0 5) ,且能明显减轻肝组织病理损伤。相关分析显示 ,血清MDA与肝组织MDA、血清ALT水平间均呈高度直线相关。结论　凯西莱具有良好的抗CCl4 所致的小鼠过氧化肝损伤作用 ;血清MDA含量能反映肝脏过氧化损伤     

刀豆蛋白A诱导的C57BL/6J小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型的研究

目的:通过单次尾静脉注射不同剂量的刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导C57BL/6J小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤,探讨ConA诱导建立C57BL/6J小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型的实验条件。方法:①50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为5组,每组10只,通过尾静脉分别注射生理盐水和6mg/kg、12mg/kg、20mg/kg、30mg/kg的ConA,8h后眼球取血处死小鼠。②另40只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为4组(0、1、4、8h),每组10只,0h组小鼠使用生理盐水,另外3组小鼠使用12mg/kg ConA尾静脉注射,分别在注射后0、1、4、8h后眼球取血,测定不同剂量及不同时间点尾静脉注射ConA后C57BL/6J小鼠血清ALT、AST水平及肝脾组织病理学变化情况。结果:与对照组相比,分别注射6mg/kg、12mg/kg、20mg/kgConA 8h后小鼠血清ALT、AST均明显升高(P0.05),并呈剂量依赖性。注射30mg/kgConA的小鼠8h内全部死亡。与对照组相比,随注射ConA剂量增加,8h内小鼠肝组织呈进行性病变,最终发展为肝实质灶性坏死。12mg//kg剂量组小鼠染毒后,4 h后脾脏病变达高峰;血清ALT、AST水平在早期呈上升趋势,并在8h达到高峰(P0.05),呈显著性肝损害。对照组小鼠以上指标无显著变化。结论:小鼠尾静脉注射ConA可建立急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型,最佳剂量为12mg/kg。     

松果菊苷对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究松果菊苷对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及机制.方法 随机将大鼠分为急性肝损伤组、药物干预组和正常对照组.大鼠经腹腔注射四氯化碳制备急性肝损伤模型;药物干预组大鼠给予松果菊苷连续灌胃7d,然后再进行四氯化碳染毒.染毒24h后测定各组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平,肝组织MDA浓度和SOD活性以及肝组织caspase-3活性和TNF-α水平;HE染色观察肝组织病理形态学改变.结果 急性肝损伤组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平以及组织MDA含量显著升高,伴SOD活性明显下降,与正常对照组相比差异非常显著;同时肝组织caspase-3活性和TNF-α水平亦显著高于对照组.预先给予松果菊苷能显著改善大鼠肝损伤,降低血清ALT、AST、MDA和caspase-3、TNF-α水平,并升高组织SOD活性.结论 松果菊苷对大鼠急性肝损伤有明显保护作用,机制可能与其抗氧化效应和清除自由基的作用有关.     

细胞色素P450 2E1在大鼠急性肝损伤中的表达及其意义

目的研究细胞色素P4502E1在大鼠急性肝损伤中的表达变化及其意义。方法随机将Wista大鼠分成正常对照组和急性肝损伤组，采用四氯化碳制备急性肝损伤模型，并按染毒时间分为3、6、12、24、36和48h6个亚组，每组5只大鼠。采用western blot方法测定染毒后不同时间点肝组织细胞色素P4502E1蛋白的表达变化；测定大鼠血清ALT、AST水平和肝组织MDA浓度、SOD活性的变化以及采用电子自旋共振（ESR）技术测定大鼠肝组织自由基（ROS）浓度变化，HE染色观察肝组织病理形态学改变；结果四氯化碳可明显导致大鼠肝脏损伤，表现为：血清ALT、AST水平显著升高，肝组织MDA浓度和ROS含量显著增加。SOD活性明显下降，和正常对照组相比，差异均十分显著（P〈0．01）；western blot结果显示：细胞色素P4502E1在正常大鼠肝组织中有表达，染毒3h后表达增强，12h达到高峰，明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），其表达趋势与ROS浓度变化相一致。结论细胞色素P4502E1蛋白在大鼠急性肝损伤时表达显著增强，提示其在中毒性肝损伤的发病中可能具重要的病理生理意义，并与四氯化碳诱导的氧化应激反应密切相关。     

乌司他丁对GaIN/LPS引起大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 观察乌司他丁(UTI)对D-氨基半乳糖(D-GaIN)/脂多糖(LPS)引起大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,探讨其作用机制.方法 72只SD雄性大鼠进行随机对照分组实验,分为正常对照组、模型组和UTI处理组,各组再分为6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h取材4个亚组.腹腔内注射D-GaIN/LPS建立大鼠急性肝损伤模型,UTI处理组则在腹腔内注射D-GaIN/LPS后立即注射UTI.在相应时间点,门静脉采血检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)水平;肝组织切片观察肝脏病理形态学变化;测定肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性.结果 与模型组相比,UTI处理组血清ALT、AST水平在12 h、24 h和48 h组均明显降低(P<0.01);UTI处理组TNF-α、NO水平则在6 h和12 h有明显降低(P<0.01或0.05);UTI处理组肝组织MDA含量在12 h、24 h和48 h明显降低(P<0.01);UTI处理组处理6 h后Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性明显降低(P<0.01).结论 UTI对GaIN/LPS引起大鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用,主要通过其抗炎、抗氧化和抗凋亡作用.     

黄芩苷对刀豆蛋白A致肝损伤小鼠肝组织NO含量的影响

目的：探讨黄芩苷可能的保肝降酶、抗氧化、防止肝损伤的作用和机制。方法：将小鼠随机分为7组：正常组、病理组、联苯双酯组、黄芩苷大、中、小剂量组、黄芩苷注射剂组。除正常组灌服及尾静脉注射生理盐水外，其余各组小鼠分别于首日上、下午和次日下午各灌胃给药1次，0．2ml／只／次[药物浓度：联苯双酯为150mg／ml，黄芩苷大、中、小剂量灌胃液及注射剂分别为200、100、50、50（mg／ml）]。末次给药后4～6小时各组动物一次性尾静脉注射刀豆蛋白A（ConA）20mg／ml，观察其血清ALT、AST和肝组织No含量的变化。结果：黄芩苷大、中、小剂量组以及注射剂组均能显著降低小鼠血清ALT、AST。黄芩苷大、中、小剂量及注射剂组和联苯双酯组小鼠肝组织匀浆的NO含量较正常组有所升高。病理组小鼠肝组织匀浆的NO含量较其他各组均明显降低，且差异有显著性意义。结论：黄芩苷可降低血清ALT、AST和增加肝组织NO含量，其作用优于联苯双酯，推测黄芩苷降低血清ALT和AST及抗脂质过氧化是其抗ConA肝损伤的重要机理。     

叶黄素对化学诱导急性肝损伤小鼠的预防研究

目的 研究叶黄素对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致急性化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用.方法 雄性昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组(模型组)、联苯双酯阳性对照组(阳性对照组)(联苯双酯15 mg/kg)以及叶黄素低、中、高剂量组(10、15、20 mg/kg)共6组,每组10只.测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏系数,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;测定肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性、MDA含量以及组织病理系数.结果 叶黄素各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清与肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活性(P＜0.01),降低血清ALT、AST活性(P＜0.01)和血清与肝组织MDA含量(P＜0.01),并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织损伤.结论 叶黄素对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有预防性保护作用.     

九味肝泰对刀豆蛋白A诱导的C57BL/6J小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤的干预研究

目的:建立C57BL/6Jd小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型,观察九味肝泰对其免疫损伤及肝功能的影响。方法:按随机原则将30只接种乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的C57BL/6J品系转基因雄性小鼠分为对照组、模型组和九味肝泰组。采用尾静脉注射12mg/kg刀豆蛋白A(ConA)的方法诱导C57BL/6J小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型;成模8 h后九味肝泰组小鼠按(0.5mL/10g·d)灌10%九味肝泰混悬液干预性治疗7d,对照组及模型组小鼠灌胃等量生理盐水。检测干预前和干预7 d后小鼠肝功能[总胆红素(TBil)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)和肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)。结果:九味肝泰组小鼠在干预治疗7d后,TBil、AST、GGT、TBA、ALT与对照组比较,差异无显著性意义;GSH和SOD升高、MDA明显降低,与同组干预前及模型组比较,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:九味肝泰可抑制ConA诱导急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠的脂质过氧化反应,促进其肝功能恢复。     

Pemoline-associated hepatic injury

Among 100 cases of hepatic injury attributed to the administration of pemoline, 43 had sufficient accompanying information to permit analysis. All but two patients were less than 20 years old, and 80% were less than 12 years old. Males predominated the study. Injury appeared as early as 1 week or as late as greater than 1 year of taking the drug. The injury was uniformly hepatocellular as judged by the high values for aminotransferases and by death in massive necrosis in one patient. Mechanism was judged to be idiosyncratic, and the idiosyncrasy was probably metabolic rather than immunologic.     

Glafenine-associated hepatic injury

ABSTRACT— Glafenine was associated with hepatic injury in 38 cases. The causal relationship was assessed on the basis of the temporal relationship with drug use, course and exclusion of other causes. In 27 cases a causal relationship was considered likely, i.e. ‘probable’ (12 cases) or ‘possible’ (15 cases), whereas in 11 cases it was either unlikely or unclassifiable. In both the ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ groups 60–70% of individuals were women. Jaundice was present in three-quarters of cases in both groups. Eosinophilia was more frequent in the group of ‘probable’ cases, and this group had the highest case-fatality rate (42%). Onset varied from 2 days (after a rechallenge) to 8 months, but most cases appeared between 2 weeks and 4 months after starting therapy. Histology in 22 cases showed a predominantly hepatocellular pattern, varying from spotty panlobular necrosis, centrilobular and (sub)massive necrosis (acute pattern) to fibrosis and cirrhosis (chronic pattern). The chemical structure of glafenine and the clinicopathological pattern it induces resemble that of cinchophen. The incidence is unknown. Either metabolic idiosyncrasy or an immunoallergic mechanism seems to be responsible.     

Flucloxacillin-associated hepatic injury

Eleven cases of hepatic injury attributed to the intake of flucloxacillin were reported to the Netherlands Center for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs between 1982 and 1992. They concerned four men and seven women, with a mean age of 57 years, treated for 2–28 days with an oral dose varying from 1500–4000 mg per day. Symptoms mostly appeared 10 to 30 days after starting treatment with flucloxacillin. Biochemically, the pattern was compatible with cholestatic hepatitis in seven cases, with a mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular type of injury in one case, a hepatocellular pattern in two cases, and mild liver enzyme elevations in one patient. Two patients died, one due to fatal bleeding from the liver after biopsy, and the second patient to a combination of hepatic and cardiac failure. The other patients recovered, on average 72 days after peaking of serum aminotransferase values. Histology in seven cases showed cholestatic hepatitis in five, with cholangitis or cholangiolitis in four of these patients. In the other two patients, there was centrilobular cholestasis with extensive bridging fibrosis and portal-central bridging necrosis, respectively.     

Pirprofen-associated hepatic injury

Four cases of hepatic injury attributed to the use of pirprofen (Rengasil) were reported to the Monitoring Centres for Adverse Reactions of Belgium, The Netherlands and the German Medical Association. One man and three women developed severe hepatic injury between 3 1/2 and 6 1/2 months after starting treatment with 400-1200 mg pirprofen daily. Histology showed acute hepatocellular damage, often with bridging necrosis. Two patients died. The other two patients made an incomplete recovery. It is possible that this severe type of hepatic injury is due to a metabolic idiosyncrasy to pirprofen, as this reaction seems to be rare and unpredictable but is not associated with immunoallergic signs.     

Sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatic injury

Digestive Diseases and Sciences - A patient with several episodes of jaundice associated with sulfamethoxazole therapy is described. In contrast to the histologic picture of hepatocellular necrosis...     

Losartan-induced hepatic injury

Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of hypertension. Clinical experience with this drug has demonstrated that it is safe. Losartan-induced hepatic toxicity is extremely rare. We report a case of severe hepatic toxicity and fibrosis caused by losartan use, and we review four previously reported cases. Drug-induced hepatic injury may be seen during the treatment of hypertension by losartan and the clinician should be aware of this toxicity, especially during the initial phase of treatment.