基于信号共振稀疏分解和最大相关峭度解卷积的齿轮箱故障诊断

当齿轮箱内旋转零件发生故障时,其振动信号中的故障脉冲成分易被箱体中其他旋转部件的谐波信号和背景噪声所淹没,故障特征难以被有效提取。针对这一问题,提出了基于信号共振稀疏分解和最大相关峭度解卷积的故障诊断方法。该方法首先通过信号共振稀疏分解将信号中的低共振冲击成分从谐波分量和噪声中分离,然后对低共振分量进行最大相关峭度解卷积计算,进一步突出低共振分量中的周期脉冲成分,最后通过包络谱分析进行故障诊断。算法仿真、实验分析和工程应用结果表明,该方法能够有效提取强噪声信号中的周期性冲击成分,凸显故障特征,从而提供准确可靠的诊断结果。     

基于信号共振稀疏分解的转子早期碰摩故障诊断方法

提出了基于信号共振稀疏分解的转子早期碰摩故障诊断方法,该方法用信号共振稀疏分解从转子系统振动信号中提取早期碰摩冲击信号。与常规的基于频带划分的信号分解方法不同,信号共振稀疏分解方法根据信号中各成分品质因子的不同,将信号分解成高共振分量和低共振分量。当转子出现早期碰摩故障时,振动信号由以转频及谐波为主要成分的周期信号、包含转子故障信息的瞬态冲击信号以及噪声组成。周期信号为窄带信号,具有高的品质因子,可分解为高共振分量;瞬态冲击信号为宽带信号,具有低的品质因子,可分解为低共振分量。利用信号共振稀疏分解方法从转子早期碰摩信号中提取冲击成分,根据冲击的周期可进行转子早期碰摩故障诊断。算法仿真和应用实例验证了该方法从转子系统中提取早期碰摩冲击信号的有效性。
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基于小波降噪与RSSD的滚动轴承故障特征提取技术研究

滚动轴承故障振动信号呈现出非线性、非平稳性及噪声背景较强等特点,为了有效提取故障特征,提出了一种小波降噪与共振稀疏分解(Resonance-based sparse signal decomposition,RSSD)相结合的振动信号特征提取技术。共振稀疏分解是基于品质因子可调小波变换与形态分量分析的一种新的信号分解方法,与常规的基于频带划分的信号分解方法不同,它依据信号各分量的振荡形态不同对信号进行分解。先通过小波阈值降噪方法明显减小信号中的噪声,随后对降噪后的信号进行共振稀疏分解,将信号分为不同共振特性的分量,即具有持续振荡特性的高共振分量和具有瞬态冲击特性的低共振分量。最后通过对分解所得到的低共振分量采用Hilbert包络解调方法提取冲击故障特征。将该方法分别应用于仿真信号和轴承实验台故障冲击性实例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

齿轮箱复合故障振动信号的形态分量分析

在改进形态分量分析系数阈值去噪方法的基础上,将其用于齿轮箱复合故障振动信号的分析。齿轮箱中的齿轮出现局部故障时,其振动信号中往往出现调幅调频成分;而滚动轴承出现局部故障时,其振动信号中往往出现周期性瞬态冲击成分。调幅调频成分的幅值变化相对缓慢,可看作信号中的光滑部分;而瞬态冲击成分的幅值变化较快,可看作信号中的细节部分,故可依据此形态差异实现二者的分离。采用形态分量分析方法将齿轮箱复合故障振动信号分解为包含滚动轴承局部故障信息的冲击分量、包含齿轮局部故障信息的谐振分量及残余分量,根据冲击分量和谐振分量的Hilbert包络解调谱分别诊断滚动轴承和齿轮的局部故障。对齿轮箱复合故障振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法可有效分离滚动轴承与齿轮的故障特征,且效果要优于经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)方法。     

基于稀疏分解和包络解调的齿轮故障诊断

齿轮发生局部损伤,其振动信号中存在瞬态冲击成分,而冲击成分往往被谐波和强噪声所掩盖。为提取瞬态冲击信号,构造了冗余的级联字典,建立了将谐波和瞬态冲击在级联字典上进行稀疏分解的数学模型,然后将块坐标松弛法应用于齿轮振动信号的稀疏分解模型上,将谐波和瞬态冲击成分进行分离,并且有效提高了振动信号的信噪比。最后应用Hilbert包络解调从瞬态冲击成分中提取出齿轮的故障特征频率,表明此方法在齿轮故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于离散随机分离的齿轮箱复合故障分析法

齿轮箱复合故障中,较弱的故障特征往往被较强的故障信号所淹没,传统方法较难实现对较弱故障特征的提取。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于离散随机分离的齿轮箱复合故障振动分析法。该方法首先使用快速谱峭度算法获取对齿轮箱振动信号的共振带参数,依据该共振带参数设计带通滤波器及结合Hilbert变换实现对振动信号包络提取;之后应用角域重采样将时域包络信号转换到角域以消除转速波动影响;再应用离散随机分离对角域包络信号进行分离,分别得到齿轮故障和轴承故障对应的角域包络信号;最后,分别对角域包络信号进行包络谱分析获得齿轮、轴承故障的特征频率信息。试验结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮箱齿轮及轴承复合故障特征的有效提取。     

滚动轴承自适应特征提取的包络谱多点峭度多级降噪方法

滚动轴承故障信号主要包含高品质因子振动分量和低品质因子瞬态冲击分量。采用多点最优最小熵解卷积方法初步削弱传输路径等干扰影响,使微弱瞬态冲击成分得到初步增强,然后针对共振稀疏分解(RSSD)方法存在的品质因子选择困难问题,同时考虑包络谱中故障频率成分的严格周期性,提出包络谱多点峭度(ESMK)概念并将其作为优化指标,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对品质因子进行选择,得到一种自适应稀疏分解方法（PSO-RSSD）用于瞬态冲击信号的提取,以消除信号中高幅值干扰冲击和背景噪声的影响。轴承仿真与实测信号分析结果表明,与最小熵解卷积信号共振稀疏分解方法相比,在强冲击干扰下ESMK能够有效度量周期性瞬态冲击,PSO-RSSD方法能自适应分离最优低品质共振分量,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

多共振分量融合CNN的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对行星齿轮箱中各部件所激起的振动成分混叠、早期故障特征经常被较强的各级齿轮谐波成分以及环境噪声所湮没的问题,提出一种多共振分量融合卷积神经网络(multi-resonance component fusion based convolutional neural network,简称MRCF-CNN)的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,对振动信号进行共振稀疏分解,得到包含齿轮谐波成分的高共振分量和可能包含轴承故障冲击成分的低共振分量;其次,构建多共振分量融合卷积神经网络,将得到的高、低共振分量和原始振动信号进行自适应的特征级融合,通过有监督的方式训练模型并进行行星齿轮箱故障诊断。对行星齿轮箱实验数据的分析结果表明,该方法能够有效分类行星齿轮箱中滚动轴承和齿轮的故障,成功对行星齿轮箱故障进行诊断,同时能够进一步增强卷积神经网络对振动信号所蕴含的故障信息的辨识能力。     

多共振分量融合CNN的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对行星齿轮箱中各部件所激起的振动成分混叠、早期故障特征经常被较强的各级齿轮谐波成分以及环境噪声所湮没的问题，提出一种多共振分量融合卷积神经网络（multi-resonance component fusion based convolutional neural network，简称MRCF-CNN）的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先，对振动信号进行共振稀疏分解，得到包含齿轮谐波成分的高共振分量和可能包含轴承故障冲击成分的低共振分量；其次，构建多共振分量融合卷积神经网络，将得到的高、低共振分量和原始振动信号进行自适应的特征级融合，通过有监督的方式训练模型并进行行星齿轮箱故障诊断。对行星齿轮箱实验数据的分析结果表明，该方法能够有效分类行星齿轮箱中滚动轴承和齿轮的故障，成功对行星齿轮箱故障进行诊断，同时能够进一步增强卷积神经网络对振动信号所蕴含的故障信息的辨识能力。     

基于自适应优化品质因子的共振稀疏分解方法及其在行星齿轮箱复合故障诊断中的应用

在共振稀疏分解方法中,品质因子决定其共振属性,其值的选择对共振稀疏分解结果有着很大的影响。现有的共振稀疏分解方法主要是依靠人为选择品质因子,带有较大的主观随意性,对最终诊断结果的提升非常有限。为此,基于遗传算法的全局优化性能,提出一种自适应优化品质因子的共振稀疏分解新方法。与已有方法相比,该方法利用遗传算法优良的寻优性能,优化共振稀疏分解中的品质因子,自适应地得到与输入信号故障特征相匹配的高低共振分量的品质因子。将所提出的新方法应用于某行星增速齿轮箱中行星齿轮与行星架轴承的复合故障诊断中,有效地提取出振动信号中相应的故障特征,实现了早期复合故障的准确诊断,表明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

OEEMD与Teager能量算子结合的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承发生局部故障时振动信号中微弱周期性冲击的特征提取问题,提出参数优化集合经验模式分解(optimal ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称OEEMD)与Teager能量算子解调结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,针对集合经验模式分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)过程中两个关键参数k(加入白噪声的幅值系数)和m(集合平均次数)的准确选取问题,通过引入相关系数、相关均方根误差和信噪比分析,给出一种可自适应确定这两个参数取值的OEEMD方法,通过OEEMD将冲击从滚动轴承振动信号中分离出来;其次,采用Teager能量算子对其进行包络解调,计算出瞬时幅值后再对瞬时幅值进行包络谱分析,以获取冲击的特征频率,从而对滚动轴承故障进行准确诊断。仿真信号分析和应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

A method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on morphological component analysis

An improved morphological component analysis (MCA) method is proposed for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes. When gear fault and bearing fault occur simultaneously, the compound fault signal of the gearbox contains meshing components (related to the gear fault) and periodic impulse components (related to the bearing fault). The corresponding fault characteristics can be separated by MCA according to the morphological differences of the components. In the proposed method, the optimal dictionary, which can represent the characteristics of bearing faults, is first selected based on the principle of minimum information entropy. Then, the compound fault signal is decomposed into the meshing component and the periodic impulse component using MCA. Finally, the separated components are subjected to the Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis. The faults of the gear and the bearing can be diagnosed according to the envelope spectra of the separated fault signal components. Simulation and experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes.     

Impact fault detection of gearbox based on variational mode decomposition and coupled underdamped stochastic resonance

In the gear fault diagnosis, the emergence of periodic impulse components in vibration signals is an important symptom of gear failure. However, heavy background noise makes it difficult to extract the weak periodic impulse features. Therefore, the paper presents an impact fault detection method of gearbox by combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with coupled underdamped stochastic resonance (CUSR) to extract the periodic impulse features. First, the adaptive VMD is presented to decompose the vibration signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can automatically determine the appropriate mode number according to the correlation kurtosis (CK) of decomposition results and extract the sensitive IMF component containing the main fault information. Next, the adaptive CUSR method is developed to analyze the selected sensitive IMF component, and the optimal system parameters are obtained by the genetic algorithm using the CK index as optimization objective function. Finally, the periodic impulse features are extracted by the output signal of CUSR system accurately. Experiments and engineering application verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive VMD-CUSR method for extracting the periodic impulse features in gear fault diagnosis compared to other methods.     

IMPROVED SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING AND EXTRACTING PERIODIC IMPULSE COMPONENT IN A VIBRATION SIGNAL

Vibration acceleration signals are often measured from case surface of a running machine to monitor its condition. If the measured vibration signals display to have periodic impulse components with a certain frequency, there may exist a corresponding local fault in the machine, and if further extracting the periodic impulse components from the vibration signals, the severity of the local fault can be estimated and tracked. However, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the vibration acceleration signals are often so small that the periodic impulse components are submersed in much background noises and other components, and it is difficult or inconvenient for us to detect and extract the periodic impulse components with the current common analyzing methods for vibration signals. Therefore, another technique, called singular value decomposition (SVD), is tried to be introduced to solve the problem. First, the principle of detecting and extracting the signal periodic components using singular value decompos     

Sparse signal decomposition method based on multi-scale chirplet and its application to the fault diagnosis of gearboxes

Based on the chirplet path pursuit and the sparse signal decomposition method, a new sparse signal decomposition method based on multi-scale chirplet is proposed and applied to the decomposition of vibration signals from gearboxes in fault diagnosis. An over-complete dictionary with multi-scale chirplets as its atoms is constructed using the method. Because of the multi-scale character, this method is superior to the traditional sparse signal decomposition method wherein only a single scale is adopted, and is more applicable to the decomposition of non-stationary signals with multi-components whose frequencies are time-varying. When there are faults in a gearbox, the vibration signals collected are usually AM-FM signals with multiple components whose frequencies vary with the rotational speed of the shaft. The meshing frequency and modulating frequency, which vary with time, can be derived by the proposed method and can be used in gearbox fault diagnosis under time-varying shaft-rotation speed conditions, where the traditional signal processing methods are always blocked. Both simulations and experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于形态分量分析与能量算子解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法

针对齿轮箱复合故障的故障特征分离,提出了一种基于形态分量分析与能量算子解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法。该方法先根据振动信号中各组成成分形态的差异,采用形态分量分析方法构建不同形态的稀疏表示字典进行故障成分分离,将齿轮箱复合故障信号分解为包含齿轮故障信息的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量和噪声分量,然后分别对谐振分量和冲击分量进行能量算子解调分析,最后根据各解调谱诊断齿轮和轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明该方法能有效地分离齿轮箱复合故障振动信号中齿轮与轴承的故障特征。     

局部特征尺度分解结合局部均值解调的齿轮故障诊断

为了准确地进行故障诊断,根据齿轮故障振动信号的多分量调幅-调频特征,提出了一种新的解调方法--局部均值解调法,将之与局部特征尺度分解相结合进行齿轮故障诊断。该诊断方法首先对齿轮振动信号运用局部特征尺度分解,得到若干个内禀尺度分量,然后应用局部均值解调法求取每个分量的调频分量,最后根据瞬时频率的频谱进行故障诊断。采用仿真信号将局部均值解调法与Hilbert解调法、经验调幅调频分解法进行了对比,结果表明,局部均值解调法的精确性更好。通过齿轮故障振动数据的分析,验证了局部特征尺度分解结合局部均值解调的故障诊断方法的有效性。