支气管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌大咯血18例

 目的 探讨支气管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌大咯血的近期疗效和毒副作用。方法 对18例肺癌大咯血患者给予支气管动脉造影，并确定靶血管，先行局部化疗药物灌注［卡铂（CBP）+表柔比星（EPI）+5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）］，然后小心注入压缩的明胶海绵颗粒（0.5 ~ 1.5 mm3），再注入压缩的明胶海绵条，直到血流中断、支气管动脉完全闭塞为止。观察随访4周。结果 18例患者血供丰富，栓塞后，即刻止血2例，其余16例咯血量明显减少，24 h咯血量＜50 ml，并在1周内咯血停止，随访观察4周咯血无复发；导管化疗后，治疗有效率（RR）为44.44 ％，临床受益率（CBR）为94.44 ％，全组未见严重的并发症和不良反应。结论 支气管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌大咯血有较佳的近期疗效和临床受益率，不仅止血迅速、可靠，而且可明显改善患者的生活质量。     

内科保守和支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的疗效对比研究

目的：对内科保守和支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的临床效果进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析70例肺癌大咯血患者的临床资料，其中25例患者采用保守治疗方法，45例肺癌大咯血患者采用选择性支气管动脉造影，采用明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇颗粒或与钢圈联合等方法进行栓塞。所有患者随访2～12个月，对两组患者的疗效及复发率进行评价。结果45例患者中行左支气管动脉栓塞的有15例，行右支气管动脉栓塞的有17例，行左右支气管动脉栓塞的有13例。支气管内科保守治疗的患者的治愈率为32．0％，18例复发，复发率为72．0％；行支气管动脉栓塞治疗的患者治愈率为82．2％，5例复发，复发率为11．1％；采用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞、聚乙烯醇颗粒、明胶海绵颗粒联合弹簧钢圈双重栓塞、双重栓塞联合弹簧钢圈双重栓塞，术后患者均无严重不良反应发生。结论支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的临床效果显著，能够降低死亡率和并发症的发生，在临床值得推广应用。     

支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮穿刺无水乙醇瘤内注射治疗肺癌

目的　评价支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮穿刺无水乙醇瘤内注射治疗支气管肺癌的价值。方法　采用选择性支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮穿刺无水乙醇瘤内注射治疗原发性支气管肺癌 2 6例 ,观察疗效。结果　 2 6例肺癌共行选择性支气管动脉化疗栓塞治疗 46次 ,经皮穿刺瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗 79次。随访 6～ 2 4个月 ,肿瘤完全消失 1例 ,肿瘤体积缩小超过 5 0 %者 13例 ,体积缩小 2 5 %～ 5 0 % 8例 ,体积缩小 <2 5 % 4例。支气管动脉化疗栓塞的一般并发症包括发热、胸闷、胸骨后烧灼感、胸壁疼痛、恶心呕吐 ,3例发生轻度脊髓缺血损伤。经皮穿刺瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗的并发症包括酒精反应、发热、胸痛、胸胀、少量咯血。结论　支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮穿刺无水乙醇瘤内注射治疗支气管肺癌疗效显著     

支气管动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肺癌合并咯血38例

目的 探讨支气管动脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肺癌合并咯血的方法并评价其疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至201 1年4月38例中晚期肺癌合并咯血接受支气管动脉化疗栓塞患者的临床资料,患者全部首选穿刺右股动脉行支气管动脉造影,若支气管动脉没有明确肿瘤血管,则选择肋间动脉、胸廓内外动脉、膈下动脉、锁骨下动脉造影,分别给予化疗及栓塞,记录并评价临床疗效.结果 全部患者经1次化疗栓塞后,咯血、咳嗽、疼痛及呼吸困难症状减轻或消失,治疗后肿瘤不同程度缩小或中心坏死,1、3年生存率为100％、28％（11/38）.无严重并发症发生.结论 支气管动脉化疗栓塞是治疗中晚期肺癌合并咯血的有效方法之一.     

支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘所致咯血的介入治疗

目的：探讨介入治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘所致咯血的安全性及有效性。方法本组33例患者行支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘，栓塞材料为 PVA 颗粒、弹簧钢圈。结果术后即刻止血率100%，1例晚期肺癌患者术后1个月出现新的瘘口，行二次栓塞，其余患者无明显并发症发生。结论介入治疗对于支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘所致咯血是安全、有效的微创措施。     

超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌的初步研究

[目的]探讨超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌的近期疗效和安全性.[方法]23例病理证实的肺癌患者,先行支气管动脉造影明确肿瘤血供,超选择性插管入肿瘤供血动脉行局部灌注化疗后,以抗癌药物碘油乳剂进行栓塞.术后随访3个月,主要观察临床症状和肿瘤大小的变化以及并发症.[结果]23例患者均成功行支气管动脉超选择插管和碘油化疗栓塞术.术后反应均为栓塞反应和/或化疗药物的不良反应,无肋间动脉和脊髓动脉并发症发生.术后3个月部分缓解(PR)16例、稳定6例(SD)、进展(PD)1例,总有效率为69.6%(16/23),临床受益率(CR PR SD)为95.6%,临床症状缓解率为87%.[结论]超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术是肺癌安全、有效的治疗方法,严格掌握适应证是提高疗效、降低并发症的关键.     

经支气管动脉碘油乳剂化疗栓塞治疗肺癌的初步临床研究

目的探讨经支气管动脉碘油抗癌药乳剂化疗栓塞治疗肺癌与常规灌注化疗的疗效、毒副反应差异.方法30例肺癌,男性26例,女性4例,年龄42～78岁,平均61.4岁;ⅢA期11例,ⅢB期9例,Ⅳ期9例.对照组20例进行常规支气管动脉灌注化疗,研究组10例行支气管动脉化疗栓塞.抗癌药主要为顺铂、丝裂霉素、吡喃阿霉素、长春地辛.结果10例患者碘油乳剂的注入量2 ml～10ml,平均4.6ml.碘油沉积9例中,7～10天复查,CT分级均无改变,28～35天复查,CT分级不变6例.术后两组患者的临床症状大部分缓解,咯血、咳嗽、胸痛好转情况两组无差异.研究组和对照组术后发热比率和血液毒性(Ⅲ度+Ⅳ度)比率均无统计学意义.两组近期疗效分别为60.0%和40.0%(P＞0.05).均未出现脊髓损伤、肋间动脉损伤、食管损伤、支气管粘膜坏死等并发症.结论两种疗法的近期疗效、毒副反应相当,但由于研究组碘油携带抗癌药滞留在病灶内,两次治疗间隔可延长.     

支气管动脉插管灌注术治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的现状

肺癌是全世界最常见恶性肿瘤之一,大多数患者确诊时已失去手术治疗机会.随着介入治疗领域的不断发展,探讨肺癌供血对介入治疗方法和疗效的影响、对支气管动脉作为肺癌的主要供血来源、支气管动脉灌注化疗药物(BAI)的选择及方法、支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗的栓塞剂选择和支气管动脉灌注治疗并发症的预防以及支气管动脉灌注治疗在非小细胞肺癌综合治疗中的作用等已普遍受到关注.本文就肺癌的供血、支气管动脉插管化疗、栓塞及栓塞并发症的预防等的支气管动脉灌注治疗现状进行综述.     

支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗肺癌42例临床分析

目的探讨经支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效、安全性和并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析42例行支气管动脉灌注化疗的非小细胞肺癌患者临床治疗经过。经右侧股动脉插管。采用Seldinger技术插管至降主动脉。造影显示支气管动脉。选择靶血管灌注化疗药物。结果完全缓解4例，部分缓解28例。稳定6例，进展4例；总有效率为76．2％。所有病例无严重并发症。结论经支气管动脉灌注化疗是治疗非小细胞肺癌的1种安全、有效的方式。     

青年人支气管类癌8例临床特点分析

青年人支气管类癌国内报告较少，极易误诊为支气管肺癌，诊断困难。为提高对本清认识，现将我院1984年2月至1996年4月所遇到经病理证实8树青年患者的临床特点作一分析。临床资料本组8例中，男5例，女3例，年龄23～34岁，平均年龄27岁。症状以反复咳嗽，咯血为主，咳嗽7例，咯血6例，其中痰血2例，每次咯血量多于200ml1例，50～150ml之间3例。3例伴发热，2例伴气喘，1例无症状（周边型）。从出现症状到确诊时间最短者3个月，最长者6年，平均24年。χ线胸片显示肺门块影4例，肺门分块影3例，周围肺野块影1例，阴历密度高，均匀，边缘光滑，合…     

Occlusive Endobronchial Stent Placement as a Novel Management Approach to Massive Hemoptysis from Lung Cancer

Massive hemoptysis in patients with advanced thoracic malignancies can be difficult to manage. Frequently, the bleeding source is not amenable to either bronchial artery embolization or surgical resection. Isolation of the bleeding source by endobronchial tamponade is an alternative management option. This is commonly achieved by the use of double-lumen endotracheal tubes or the placement of endobronchial balloons. Although effective, these approaches are not permanent solutions and may require prolonged intubation. We describe here an alternative, novel approach to endobronchial tamponade that does not require prolonged mechanical ventilation. We present a case in which massive hemoptysis from a left lower lobe cavitary lung cancer was successfully tamponaded and ultimately stopped by the placement of 2 covered self-expanding bronchial stents, allowing the patient to be extubated and to undergo further palliative therapy. No recurrent episodes of hemoptysis occurred throughout the patient's lifetime.     

肺癌术后支气管胸膜瘘致死性大咯血经验(附7例报告)

背景与目的大咯血是肺癌术后少见但严重的并发症。本研究旨在探讨致死性大咯血的发生机制、危险因素、先兆症状及预防和治疗措施。方法 2007年4月-2011年5月四川大学华西医院共行肺癌手术1,737例,围手术期死亡20例,其中死于大咯血7例,复习7例患者的临床资料并结合文献进行分析。结果大咯血是肺癌术后第2位死亡原因。7例中6例直接死于大咯血,1例因大咯血行二次手术,最终死于肺部感染、呼吸衰竭。4例发生过先兆出血症状。4年大咯血发生率为0.4%(7/1,737)。结论支气管胸膜瘘引起的支气管血管瘘是大咯血发生的机制,糖尿病为高危因素,早期诊断、早期外科治疗支气管胸膜瘘或支气管血管瘘可避免大咯血死亡的发生。     

肺癌合并大咯血的介入治疗

目的探讨肺癌合并大咯血介入治疗的临床疗效及并发症。方法 37例肺癌合并大咯血患者采用介入治疗,对临床疗效及术后并发症进行观察分析。结果采用介入治疗,37例肺癌合并大咯血患者治愈率为37.8%(14/37),显效率为27.0%(10/37),有效率为21.6%(8/37),无效率为13.5%(5/37),总有效率为86.5%(32/37)。术后出现栓塞后综合征18例,局部渗血及血肿9例,经对症治疗后缓解。结论介入治疗是治疗肺癌合并大咯血长期缓解或暂时控制的有效措施,能显著降低窒息等并发症的风险,可作为首选治疗手段。     

~(125)I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗肺鳞癌的临床应用

目的探讨125I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗肺鳞癌的临床价值。方法选取2010年1月至2012年4月间收治的30例肺鳞癌患者,先行支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞术,2⁴d之后行125I粒子植入术,术前采用计算机治疗计划系统(TPS)模拟布源,计算术中所需125I粒子的总活度及粒子数量。在CT引导下,将125I粒子植入瘤体区。术后1、2、4个月时行CT扫描,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)实体肿瘤疗效评价标准进行评价。结果125I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗后1、2、4个月的有效率分别为63.3%、93.3%和96.7%。全组30例患者均全部完成治疗,所有患者未出现严重并发症,化疗不良反应轻。结论125I粒子植入联合支气管动脉灌注化疗栓塞术作为治疗肺鳞癌患者的一种重要方法,临床疗效较为确切,治愈率较高,比较安全,值得推广应用。     

支气管和肺动脉双袖状肺叶切除术治疗中央型肺癌的临床应用(英文)

Objective:The aim of our study was to introduce the surgical method and evaluate the efficacy of double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in treatment for the central lung cancer. Method:From March 1995 to October 2010, double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery was performed in 45 cases with central lung cancer that involved the bronchial opening of an upper lobe of the lungs or the main bronchus and pulmonary artery but didn’t involve any lower lobes. Among them, left upper lobectomy was performed in 37 cases, right medium-upper lobectomy was performed in 6 cases and right upper lobectomy was performed in 2 cases. Results:Postoperative complications were found in 12 cases. Among them, 3 cases were arrhythmia, 1 case was acute heart failure, 6 cases were obstructive pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis, 2 cases were bronchial anastomotic fistula. Two cases died of cerebral infarction and massive hemoptysis respectively. Thirty-one cases were squamous carcinoma, 7 cases were adenocarcinoma, 4 cases were small cell lung cancer, 1 case was adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 case was sarcomatoid carcinomas, 1 case was mucinous adenocarcinoma. Ten cases were T3N0M0, 11 cases were T3N1M0, 17 cases were T3N2M0, 2 cases were T4N1M0, 5 cases were T4N2M0. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rates were 84.4% (38/45), 51.7% (15/29), 53.8% (7/13) respectively. Conclusion:The double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery can maximumly reserve the normal lung tissues while removing tumors, and avoid pneumonectomy. The surgery was safe and effective, while it required a high technique.     

Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin in lung cancer by bronchial artery infusion

Chemotherapy with bronchial artery infusion (BAI) was given to 34 patients with primary lung cancer. Treatment regimens usually employed cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) plus peplomycin for squamous cell carcinoma, and CDDP plus vindesine for adenocarcinoma. The provisional therapeutic effects were evaluated roentgenographically with reference to histological type, T factor and degree of vascularization. Out of 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases (70%) showed tumor regression greater than 50%, in contrast to 4 of 17 cases (23.5%) of adenocarcinoma. The effects in cases of squamous cell carcinoma were correlated with tumor vascularity. Twenty-two surgically treated cases were examined for the histological effects of BAI. Five of 6 cases (83.3%) of squamous cell carcinoma showed IIb effects by Shimosato's criteria. These results showed that the therapeutic effect of BAI was excellent in cases of squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with cases of adenocarcinoma. Serious side effects including esophago-bronchial fistula, massive hemoptysis and esophageal ulcer were observed in 4 cases.     

MSCT下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征对肺部良恶性疾病的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征在肺部良恶性疾病中的诊断价值.方法 选择94例病灶累及肺段及以上的肺部疾病患者,分为对照组(肺部良性疾病患者)28例和肺癌组(肺癌患者)66例.由两位有5年以上工作经验的放射科医师对支气管动脉的特征进行评价,将原始图像进行最大密度投影、容积再现和多平面重组,比较对照组与肺癌组患者支气管动脉形态特征的差异.结果 94例患者中,48例患者可见病灶内支气管动脉,其中对照组患者12例,肺癌组患者36例.对照组病灶内支气管动脉情况如下:血管湖患者0例,迂曲患者9例,成团患者1例,中断患者2例;肺癌组病灶内支气管动脉情况如下:血管湖患者10例,成团患者5例,迂曲患者18例,中断患者3例.对照组患者成团和血管湖征象少于肺癌组.结论 MSCT下病灶内支气管动脉形态特征对肺部良恶性疾病具有一定的诊断价值.     

Bronchial artery embolization to control haemoptysis

This is a retrospective study of 15 patients who had bronchial artery angiography and embolization for life-threatening haemoptysis in the period January 1986 to March 1993. Eight were male and seven were female, in the age range 32–77 years. Massive haemoptysis has a 50–100% mortality if treated conservatively and surgery has an up to 35% mortality in this high-risk group. Nine patients had advanced tumours. Seven had technically successful procedures, with haemoptysis being controlled in six and one patient dying from post-procedural massive haemoptysis. One of the patients with failed embolization died from massive haemoptysis and the other had spontaneous settling of bleeding. The other six patients suffered from bronchiectasis (2), aspergilloma involving tuberculous cavity (2), active tuberculosis (1), and abscess cavity presumably due to vasculitis (1). Technically successful embolizations were achieved in all six; three had control of haemoptysis, one required successful re-embolization after massive bleeding following initial embolization, one suffered continuing non-massive bleeding and one died soon afterwards from massive haemoptysis.