高产大豆新品种周豆19选育及高产栽培技术

国审周豆19号是周口市农科院于2000年以高产、优质、多抗为育种目标,选用高产、抗病品系周豆13号为母本,高产、高油、广适性好的周豆12号作父本进行人工有性杂交选育而成。2010年同时通过国家和河南省品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有高产、稳产、优质等优点。适于河南省各地及山东南部、安徽和江苏的淮河以北地区种植。     

大豆新品种安豆1号的选育及栽培技术要点

安豆1号大豆新品种是从商豆1099系统选育而成的,2009年经河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广.该品种具有优质、高产稳产、抗病抗逆性强、适应性广等特点.本文介绍了该品种的特征特性和高产栽培技术要点.     

大豆新品种濮豆857的选育及栽培技术要点

濮豆857是河南省濮阳市农科院用濮豆6018为母本、汾豆53号（晋豆29）为父本有性杂交选育而成的夏大豆新品种,具有高产稳产、品质优良、抗逆性强等特点,适宜在河南省各地及周边地区种植。2013年5月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

1985-2020年河南省育成大豆品种亲缘分析及骨干亲本挖掘

为给大豆育种选配亲本提供参考依据,对河南省1985-2020年育成的132个大豆品种进行系谱追溯,系统分析其育种方式、亲本组成、细胞核、细胞质遗传贡献率,并归纳骨干亲本.结果表明:常规杂交是河南省大豆品种选育的主要途径,占参试品种的85.5％.132个品种共有185个细胞核遗传的原始亲本,核遗传率最大的祖先亲本是齐黄1号,其次是沁阳水白豆和野岗1号;共59个细胞质遗传的原始亲本,遗传率最高的是郑80024-10.常被用作育成大豆品种直接亲本的有濮豆6018、郑9805、郑59、开豆4号和周豆23.根据衍生品种数归纳出6个骨干亲本,包括豫豆2号、豫豆3号、豫豆10号、豫豆18和豫豆22.其中豫豆2号作为亲本衍生出57个大豆品种,占参试育成大豆品种的43.2％,为河南省大豆育种作出了重大贡献.     

大豆新品种许豆6号的品种特性及栽培技术要点

高产优质大豆新品种许豆6号是许昌市农业科学研究所于1998年用自选杂交后代许9796与节间短、节荚数多、籽粒性状优良、产量高的许豆3号杂交选育而成的大豆新品种。2009年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定号为豫审豆20b9002。该品种具有抗倒、抗裂英、耐肥、耐旱、耐涝、丰产性能好、株型结构合理等突出特点。适宜河南省各地种植。     

大豆新品种周豆20号选育及栽培技术

周豆20号是周口市农科院以高产、抗病、抗炸荚为育种目标,采用聚合阶梯杂交技术,经五次南繁加代和多年连续选择育成的大豆新品种。该品种综合性状优良,抗性好,且高产稳产,河南省区域试验平均产量186.5公斤/亩,比对照品种豫豆22增产6.06%,增产达极显著。河南省生产试验平均产量194.4公斤/亩,比对照豫豆22增产5.9%。2013年通过河南省品种审定委员会审定,适于河南省各地种植。     

高产夏大豆新品种泛豆5号的选育

近年来,随着国内大豆加工企业加工能力的不断扩大和人民生活消费水平的日益提高,对大豆的需求量也迅猛增加,选育超高产大豆品种是解决这一矛盾的一种有效途径。为此,河南省黄泛区地神种业农科所加强了超高产大豆新品种的选育工作,并取得了突破性进展。2008年3月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定的泛豆5号（审定编号为豫审豆2008002）的选育成功是其中之一。     

安豆1号的选育及高产栽培技术

安豆1号是河南省安阳市农科院1999年依据＂高产、稳产、优质、多抗、广适＂的育种目标,遵从＂优中选优＂的原则,从商豆1099中挑选变异单株进行系统选育育成的高产、稳产、广适性大豆新品种。2009年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为：     

21世纪河南选育的国审大豆品种

1周豆181.1品种来源周9521-3-4/郑94059,周口市农科院选育。2009年通过河南省审定,审定编号:豫审豆2009001。2011年通过国家审定,审定编号:国审豆2011006。1.2特征特性亚有限结荚习性,生育期107天。株型收敛,株高90.7厘米,主茎17.7节,有效分枝1.8     

开豆16号大豆选育及高产栽培

开豆16号是开原市农业科学研究所以"开95061-2"为母本,以"开9028-2"为父本,进行人工有性杂交,多年选育而成。经过各级试验、推广、示范,结果表明:该品种具有抗倒伏、高产、品质优、商品性好等特点。2010年通过辽宁省品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为辽审豆[2010]117号。     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.