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原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种获得性自身免疫性疾病[1]。近年研究发现,除典型的血小板减少和出血症状外,部分患者有明显疲劳感[1-2]。ITP相关性疲劳的界定目前尚不明确,大多数学者认为疲劳与ITP疾病本身和(或)治疗有关,具体表现为与机体能量消耗不相符、不能为睡眠或休息所缓解的乏力感。 相似文献
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邓凯丽;舒磊;魏静;陈晓林;冯旰珠 《国际呼吸杂志》2021,41(08):566-571
COVID-19已经被世界卫生组织列为引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。目前尚没有该病的特效治疗药物。随着新型冠状病毒的不断传播以及变异,亟需寻求新型治疗措施来对抗这种病毒,积极研发新型冠状病毒疫苗十分必要。本文就目前新型冠状病毒疫苗的研究现状进行阐述、分类、分析及前景展望。 相似文献
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<正>原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是临床上常见的一种以皮肤黏膜出血为主要表现的获得性出血性疾病,占出血性疾病的1/3,严重者可发生内脏出血、颅内出血等并发症[1]。ITP的发病机制非常复杂,迄今为止具体机制仍不明确[2-3]。目前研究公认的发病机制是患者对自身抗原免疫失耐受,从而导致自身免疫介导的血小板破坏过多及巨核细胞生成血小板不足[4]。MicroRNAs(miRNAs) 相似文献
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原发免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种复杂的多种机制共同参与的获得性自身免疫性疾病.虽然原发性ITP是一种良性疾病,但目前尚无法根治,也不能改变其自然病程,其死亡率与正常人群无明显差异,患者多死于感染而非出血.因此,ITP的治疗目的是使患者血小板计数(PLT)提高到安全水... 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndromecoronavirus, MERS-CoV)及最新出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2)等高致病性冠状病毒先后在人群中暴发流行,成为影响地区、国家乃至全球的重大公共卫生事件,研发特异性疫苗成为防控病毒流行的当务之急。本文综述了SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV疫苗的研究进展,望对SARS-CoV-2疫苗研制提供参考。 相似文献
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目的:通过测定原发免疫性血小板减少症(PITP)及继发于结缔组织病的血小板减少症(SITP)患者B细胞活化培养中细胞因子水平、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb-Ⅲa(GPⅡb-Ⅲa)特异性效应B细胞和记忆B细胞频数,评价二者T、B淋巴细胞功能的异同。方法:分离、培养PITP(70例)和SITP(33例)患者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),应用酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测效应B和记忆B细胞频数,采用流式微球分析法(CBA)测定培养上清的Th1/Th2/Th17细胞因子水平,对结果进行对比分析。结果:在加入B细胞刺激培养液的记忆组产生IgG的总的B细胞频数为(288.3±355.4)/105 PBMC,显著高于效应组的(28.5±54.8)/105 PBMC(P<0.01)。PITP组GPⅡb-Ⅲa特异性效应B细胞频数为(8.2±27.2)/106 PBMC,SITP组为(7.9±20.8)/106 PBMC(P=0.174);而对照组(10例)特异性效应B细胞频数为(1.0±1.1)/106 PBMC,显著低于PITP组(P=0.003)和SITP组(P=0.010)。PITP组(52例)GPⅡb-Ⅲa特异性记忆B细胞频数为(81.6±164.5)/106 PBMC,实际频数为(27.4±30.1)%,SITP组(24例)GPⅡb-Ⅲa特异性记忆B细胞频数为(23.8±43.5)/106 PBMC,实际频数为(11.0±15.1)%(均P=0.001),2组均显著高于对照组(6例)的0(均P<0.01)。CBA法测定20例PITP及14例SITP培养上清的Th1/Th2/Th17细胞因子,34例患者记忆组白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、IL-17A值均显著高于效应组(均P<0.01)。记忆组IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF、IL-17A浓度与产IgG的总的记忆B细胞频数呈显著正相关(P<0.01),IL-4、IL-6、IL-10浓度与特异性记忆B细胞频数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。PITP效应组的TNF浓度显著低于SITP(P=0.011),而记忆组的IL-4、IL-17A浓度显著高于SITP组(P=0.013和0.012)。结论:Th2细胞可能对PITP患者记忆B细胞的活化起关键作用。ELISPOT方法检测特异性GPⅡb-Ⅲa效应B细胞无法区分PITP和SITP。PITP患者特异性GPⅡb-Ⅲa记忆B细胞实际频数显著高于SITP,这可能有助于PITP和SITP的鉴别。 相似文献
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Emmanuel J. Favaloro 《International journal of laboratory hematology》2021,43(4):559-570
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) represents a pandemic, and several vaccines have been produced to prevent infection and/or severe sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. There have been several reports of infrequent post vaccine associated thrombotic events, in particular for adenovirus-based vaccines. These have variously been termed VIPIT (vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia), VITT (vaccine-induced [immune] thrombotic thrombocytopenia), VATT (vaccine-associated [immune] thrombotic thrombocytopenia), and TTS (thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome). In this report, the laboratory test processes, as utilised to assess suspected VITT, are reviewed. In published reports to date, there are notable similarities and divergences in testing approaches, potentially leading to identification of slightly disparate patient cohorts. The key to appropriate identification/exclusion of VITT, and potential differentiation from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT), is identification of potentially differential test patterns. In summary, testing typically comprises platelet counts, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and various immunological and functional assays for platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies. In suspected VITT, there is a generally highly elevated level of D-dimer, thrombocytopenia, and PF4 antibodies can be identified by ELISA-based assays, but not by other immunological assays typically positive in HITT. In addition, in some functional platelet activation assays, standard doses of heparin have been identified to inhibit activation in suspected VITT, but they tend to augment activation in HITT. Conversely, it is also important to not over-diagnose VITT, given that not all cases of thrombosis post vaccination will have an immune basis and not all PF4-ELISA positive patients will be VITT. 相似文献
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Akio Mori Masahiro Onozawa Mirei Kobayashi Shihori Tsukamoto Hajime Senjo Takashi Ishio Emi Yokoyama Koh Izumiyama Makoto Saito Haruna Muraki Masanobu Morioka Takanori Teshima Takeshi Kondo 《British journal of haematology》2023,200(6):717-721
Data for COVID-19 vaccine response in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are very limited. In a study of 28 patients with ITP, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody titres were measured after vaccination. The seroconversion rate for ITP patients was 91.3%, comparable to that in healthy controls (HCs). However, the antibody titre in ITP patients was significantly lower than that in HCs and declined with ageing. Furthermore, the antibody titre in ITP patients who received a minimum prednisolone dose of at least 5 mg/day at any time-point at or after initial vaccination was lower than that in other patients. 相似文献
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Cassia F. Estofolete Cecilia A. Banho Guilherme R. F. Campos Beatriz de C. Marques Livia Sacchetto Leila S. Ullmann Fabio S. Possebon Luana F. Machado Juliana D. Syrio Joo P. Araújo Junior Cintia Bittar Paula Rahal Suzana M. A. Lobo Helena Lage Ferreira Nikos Vasilakis Mauricio L. Nogueira 《Viruses》2021,13(7)
The rapid development of efficacious and safe vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been instrumental in mitigating the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Moreover, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised concerns on the efficacy of these vaccines. Herein, we report two cases of breakthrough infections with the P1 variant in patients vaccinated with CoronaVac, which is one of the two vaccines authorized for emergency use in the Brazilian immunization program. Our observations suggest that the vaccine reduced the severity of the disease and highlight the potential risk of illness following vaccination and subsequent infection with the P1 variant as well as for continued efforts to prevent and diagnose infection in vaccinated persons. 相似文献
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Shinichi Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Kamiya Ichiro Inoshima Yasutaka Hirasawa Osamu Tago Masashi Arai 《Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)》2022,61(1):81
A 65-year-old man experienced cough and shortness of breath 3 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates, and the desaturation deteriorated rapidly. The symptoms and radiographic abnormalities rapidly improved after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Intradermal testing of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine showed a delayed positive reaction. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 vaccine-induced pneumonitis. The timing of the onset of pneumonitis after vaccination and the results of intradermal testing suggest that Type IV hypersensitivity against COVID-19 vaccine may have been responsible for this clinical condition. 相似文献
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Xingyun Wang Nino Rcheulishvili Jie Cai Cong Liu Fengfei Xie Xing Hu Nuo Yang Mengqi Hou Dimitri Papukashvili Yunjiao He Peng George Wang 《Viruses》2022,14(5)
Despite the existence of various types of vaccines and the involvement of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the most challenging health threat in this century. Along with the increased transmissibility, new strains continue to emerge leading to the need for more vaccines that would elicit protectiveness and safety against the new strains of the virus. Nucleic acid vaccines seem to be the most effective approach in case of a sudden outbreak of infection or the emergence of a new strain as it requires less time than any conventional vaccine development. Hence, in the current study, a DNA vaccine encoding the trimeric prefusion-stabilized ectodomain (S1+S2) of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein was designed by introducing six additional prolines mutation, termed HexaPro. The three-dose regimen of designed DNA vaccine immunization in mice demonstrated the generation of protective antibodies. 相似文献
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《American journal of infection control》2021,49(12):1554-1557
To protect both patients and staff, healthcare personnel (HCP) were among the first groups in the United States recommended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. We analyzed data reported to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Unified Hospital Data Surveillance System on COVID-19 vaccination coverage among hospital-based HCP. After vaccine introduction in December 2020, COVID-19 vaccine coverage rose steadily through April 2021, but the rate of uptake has since slowed; as of September 15, 2021, among 3,357,348 HCP in 2,086 hospitals included in this analysis, 70.0% were fully vaccinated. Additional efforts are needed to improve COVID-19 vaccine coverage among HCP. 相似文献
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BackgroundAs COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for cases of the Omicron vs the Delta variant, understanding the effect of vaccination in reducing risk of hospitalisation and severe disease among COVID-19 cases is crucial.AimTo evaluate risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the Omicron BA.1-predominant period in Navarre, Spain.MethodsA case-to-case comparison included COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance data in adults ≥ 18 years from 3 January–20 March 2022. COVID-19 vaccination status was compared between hospitalised and non-hospitalised cases, and between severe (intensive care unit admission or death) and non-severe cases using logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 58,952 COVID-19 cases, 565 (1.0%) were hospitalised and 156 (0.3%) were severe. The risk of hospitalisation was reduced within the first 6 months after full COVID-19 vaccination (complete primary series) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04–0.09) and after 6 months (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.12–0.21; pcomparison < 0.001), as well as after a booster dose (aOR: 0.06: 95% CI: 0.04–0.07). Similarly, the risk of severe disease was reduced (aOR: 0.13, 0.18, and 0.06, respectively). Compared with cases fully vaccinated 6 months or more before a positive test, those who had received a booster dose had lower risk of hospitalisation (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28–0.52) and severe disease (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21–0.68).ConclusionsFull COVID-19 vaccination greatly reduced the risk of hospitalisation and severe outcomes in COVID-19 cases with the Omicron variant, and a booster dose improved this effect in people aged over 65 years. 相似文献