鄂尔多斯盆地榆林—绥德地区山2段天然气运移动力探讨

为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地榆林—绥德地区山西组山2段天然气运移动力和天然气分布之间的关系,通过真实气体状态方程求取典型井的生烃膨胀力,结合地层破裂压力系数确定烃源岩层古压力。依据砂岩包裹体恢复的成藏时期古流体压力为储层古压力,通过计算源储剩余压差分析天然气的运移动力。研究表明:陕142井上古生界由于生烃膨胀,煤层的古压力系数达1.93~1.96,可使煤层破裂;研究区山2段源储剩余压差平均5.99 MPa,源储剩余压差和含气饱和度之间呈明显的正相关性;该区山2段天然气在源储剩余压差作用下从烃源岩垂向运移至致密储层,具有就近聚集成藏特点。     

苏里格东南区古地貌恢复及其与气水分布关系

综合运用沉积古地质分析法、印模法、残厚法等,对鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东南区前石炭纪岩溶微地貌特征进行研究,并结合实际生产数据对其气水分布特征进行总结,发现研究区奥陶纪末岩溶古地貌形态表现为"西高东低、北高南低"的分布格局,发育2类二级古地貌单元和9类三级古地貌单元,其中岩溶斜坡为主体地貌单元,主要发育上斜坡、下斜坡、一级残丘和二级残丘,局部发育古洼地和古沟槽;研究区马家沟组上组合气水分布主要表现为西北部、东部及东南部地区富气,中西部地区富水的特征。结果表明:综合以本溪组顶部8~#煤层为上基准面的石炭系印膜厚度、以K_3标志层为下基准面的残余厚度及其各自与平均厚度间的相对差值,可对研究区岩溶微地貌进行有效刻画;古残丘及上斜坡地区是有利天然气富集高产区;水层、气水同产层因受燕山期地层翘倾影响,多分布于研究区中西部古岩溶上斜坡地区;古洼地、古沟槽溶蚀淋滤作用较弱,虽不利于天然气富集,但仍有少量低产气井分布。     

靖边气田东侧陕X区块古地貌和气水分布规律

靖边东侧陕X区块作为开发新区,下古岩溶古地貌较为复杂,同时气水分布规律不清。本次研究中基于钻测井资料、岩心、薄片和其他分析测试分析认为该区下古发育典型的岩溶角砾岩,储层岩性主要为细粉晶白云岩,储集空间主要为溶蚀孔、晶间微孔和裂缝。该区相对靖边地区,整体孔渗偏差,储层较为致密。通过印模法和残厚法对古地貌进行定性恢复,结果表明：研究区整体处于岩溶斜坡和岩溶洼地过渡地带,沟槽仅在研究区北部发育,从古地貌高部位到低部位,物性逐渐变差,储层逐渐致密。陕X区块气水整体受古地貌控制,局部受现今构造控制。其中在西部古地貌相对高部位下古基本不出水,东北区接近沟槽区域气水复杂,其中出水井点主要位于现今构造低洼部位,东南区古地貌为岩溶洼地,储层基本致密,下古普遍产水。     

苏里格地区马五段储层控制因素与成藏规律

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区下古生界储层及气藏控制因素与成藏规律。通过对气田已有的奥陶系钻井资料、测井资料、试气资料以及生产动态资料的综合分析,结合储层特征、顶面构造、沉积相与成岩作用等方面研究,总结归纳出奥陶系马家沟组天然气成藏规律,认为苏里格地区下古生界气藏勘探开发应首先考虑古残丘-古沟槽(洼地)之间的过渡地带,部署井位时应该重点考虑马五14和马五31小层,同时考虑选择鼻翼和鼻隆部位的喀斯特作用强烈发育地带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系“三元”主控成藏规律

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系烃源岩、储集层及天然气展布规律的研究,探讨其天然气成藏规律。奥陶系烃源岩主要分布在上统乌拉力克组和拉什仲组,以海相泥岩为主;储层主要发育在中统克里摩里组和桌子山组,依据岩石类型、孔隙结构,可分为岩溶孔洞型储层和白云岩晶间溶孔型储层;天然气藏的形成受烃源岩、储层和圈闭的"三元"主控,具有有效烃源岩控制天然气区域分布、优质储层控制天然气聚集带展布、有效圈闭控制气藏分布特征。鄂尔多斯盆地西北部的西侧气藏主要为油型气,东侧主要为煤型气,均为上生下储的成藏模式。     

鄂尔多斯北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩评价

鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩问题争议大。通过有机地球化学分析、盆地模拟等方法手段对研究区上古生界烃源岩展开研究。结果表明,上古生界发育石炭系、二叠系两套烃源岩,煤层是最好的烃源岩,泥岩为差烃源岩。煤层有机碳的质量分数最高,平均值为61.32%;有机质类型好,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,属于生气型源岩;有机质成熟度为0.8%~1.3%,已经进入生气高峰阶段。烃源岩生气强度为(0.1~1.3)×109m3/km2,具备为研究区天然气成藏提供物质基础的条件。盆地模拟结果表明山西组总生气量大于太原组,是主要的烃源岩层系。烃源岩从侏罗纪末进入大规模生烃阶段,生烃高峰为早白垩世。研究区石炭系和二叠系煤层是上古生界天然气成藏的主要气源岩,天然气组分中甲烷含量变化、天然气侧向运移距离等证据进一步佐证了上述观点,突出了研究区上古生界烃源岩的原地性特征。     

川东南地区茅口组古岩溶发育特征及勘探领域

近期勘探突破表明茅口组储层在川东南地区具有较大的勘探潜力。通过古岩溶纵向划分、地震反射特征分类展布研究及恢复古地貌等方法对茅口组古岩溶发育特征进行了深入研究。茅口组灰岩古岩溶纵向上可划分为垂直渗流带、水平潜流带、深部缓流带,其中垂直渗流带和水平潜流带是储层发育的有利岩溶相带。地震上发育"斜亮点"和"变振幅"两种古岩溶储层类型,集中分布在岩溶斜坡的隆盛及天堂坝—四面山地区。綦江—涪陵处于官渡岩溶高地的东斜坡,勘探领域广阔。     

普光陆相地层天然气成藏条件与主控因素分析

普光地区陆相地层烃源岩主要发育在上三叠系须家河组、侏罗系自流井组和千佛崖组,以局部盖层为主,由须家河组及以上地层的泥质岩构成,储层主要为须家河组须二及须四段砂岩。通过对烃源岩特征、储层条件、盖层分布、圈闭类型及成藏模式等成藏地质条件的综合分析,认为普光陆相地层具有较好的生储层搭配及盖层,为陆相气藏的形成创造了条件;生烃凹陷控制气藏的分布范围;燕山期的古隆起(古斜坡)控制着油气运聚的方向;断裂及裂缝起着输导和改善储层的双重作用;其中后两个因素通过沟通油气源、有利沉积相带和形成圈闭等作用控制着普光陆相天然气的成藏。     

北非叠合盆地中生界-古生界油气成藏组合划分与评价

北非含油气盆地经历了古生代早期的克拉通泛盆地及海西运动之后的拗陷作用阶段,形成古生代克拉通盆地和中生代拗陷盆地叠加而成的叠合盆地。在对三叠盆地中生界-古生界成藏组合研究中主要综合分析了:(1)烃源岩和储集砂体区域分布;(2)古构造、主要断裂及不整合面的特征与分布,油气运移输导系统特征及空间分布;(3)不同成藏组合烃源岩区域分布特征;(4)不同成藏组合盖层分布区域,特别是区域性盖层分布特征,同时结合不同类型圈闭的分布规律以及油气系统的保存状况,将盆地内中生界-古生界划分为三叠系Tagi组成藏组合、奥陶系Hamra组成藏组合及寒武系R组成藏组合。通过不同成藏组合的生、储、盖层基本要素的分析,认为盆地内海西期古隆起区,以及盆地斜坡区为有利成藏组合主要发育区带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌沉积特征研究

利用岩心观察、地震解释资料和地层厚度印模等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌的沉积特征进行研究。研究表明,研究区前侏罗纪古河的沉积特征主要为河道充填沉积,在沉积过程中伴有对河谷的侵蚀下切作用。宁陕古河自研究区西北向东南穿流而过,河谷发育,展布长达120 km,主河道宽20～30 km。蒙陕古河流向自北向南,主河道宽10～20 km。姬塬高地东斜坡平均坡降9～11 m/km,其上沉积了厚度约80 m的中粗砂岩、细砂岩地层。姬塬高地南斜坡平均坡降5～7 m/km,斜坡前缘发育阶地。研究认为,研究区古地貌形态可划分为高地、斜坡带、古阶地、河谷区、河间丘等5种古地貌单元,包含姬塬高地、定边高地及安边高地等3个高地,蒙陕古河、宁陕古河等2个古河;姬塬高地南部、定边高地南部及安边高地西部发育古阶地,蒙陕古河、宁陕古河河谷两侧发育斜坡带,蒙陕古河河道内部发育河间丘。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-