BOD微生物传感器研究进展

生化需氧量(BOD)是衡量水体有机污染程度的重要指标之一.传统的五天培养法测定耗时费力、实效性差.BOD微生物传感器以其方便、快速、准确等优点得到了迅速发展.该文综述了BOD微生物传感器的原理、构成、最新研究进展并对菌种和固定化方法做了详细比较说明.     

微生物传感器测量BOD的研究

一、前言生化需氧量(简称:BOD)是环境监测领域中极为重要的水质参数之一,BOD 不仅被用来体现排放水或自然水体受有机物污染的程度,同时也是废水治理工程中考核处理效果的重要指标。但是传统的 BOD 测试方法所需时间长(5天)、测试过程复杂、测试准确度低等,给实际应用带来诸多困难。微生物传感器法 BOD 检测具有快速简便的特点,近年来受到普遍关注,但是由于实际废水中常含有各种生物难降解物质和有毒物质,它们可能对微生物传感器法的 BOD 测试过程带来很大影响,因此本文的目的在于:(1)研制一种稳定可靠的微生物 BOD 传感器。(2)研究测试条件和生物难降解物质对测试过程的影响。     

管形微生物BOD传感器的研制及应用

本文研究了用活性载体吸附微生物菌体,装入硅橡胶管中与氧电极偶合构成液流型 BOD 微生物传感器。传感器的灵敏度高、线性范围宽,使用寿命2个月,可快速测定污水中的 BOD 值,与传统法BOD_5的测定值有良好的相关性,相对误差在1.02—3.96%之间。     

BOD微生物传感器的研制

本文是以BSA-GA为交联剂,将异常汉逊氏酵母菌(Hansenula anomalaVar.scheggil)菌体固定成膜,与氧电极偶合研制成BOD微生物传感器.在29.5℃、pH6.8的工作条件下,该传感器响应时间为2～3min,线性范围1～85mg/L,标准偏差0.91mg/L,变异系数4.2%,回收率94～107%,该电极操作简便、快速、测定的重现稳定性较好,能连续稳定测试一周以上,可作为各种污水中BOD测定的新方法.     

细胞传感器

1引言 细胞传感器是微生物传感器的一个重要分支.微生物传感器依据微生物响应机理的不同可分成如下两种:一种是利用微生物体内的各种酶系及代谢系统来检测相应底物,这类统称为间接型微生物传感器;另一种是利用微生物本身能直接在电极上反应的特性来检测某一物质量,这类称为直接型微生物传感器.前者微生物起到了生物催化剂的作用,后者微生物与电极真正建立了电化学关系.为了同间接法区别,我们称之为细胞传感器.从广义上讲,细胞传感器除微生物传感器外,还包括动物细胞传感器及植物细胞传感器.     

生物传感器检测牛奶病原微生物的研究进展

牛奶中病原微生物的含量是衡量牛奶质量的重要指标之一,生物传感器在牛奶病原微生物检测方面有较好的优势.介绍了生物传感器的组成和原理,并详细综述了近几年电化学生物传感器和质量敏感型生物传感器在牛奶中病原微生物的定量检测中的研究现状,探讨了未来的发展趋势.     

微生物传感器网络的研究

随着传感器技术的发展,它的应用领域越来越广,并且出现了无线传感器网络的概念。微生物传感器技术作为一门新兴的技术,在国民经济中起了越来越重要的作用。本文将讨论由这两种技术结合而来的无线微生物传感器网络技术。     

伏安式BOD微生物传感器的研究

用新型伏安式溶解氧传感器为信号转换器,异常汉逊氏酵母菌为工作菌株,研制了一种新型伏安式 BOD 传感器。可在5分钟内完成一个样品 BOD 的测定。该法与传统的 BOD_5~(20)法有良好的相关性。传感器可连续使用七周以上。     

新型酶-微生物混合型传感器的研究

为了检测瓦斯中甲烷气体的浓度.在甲烷生物传感器基础上,利用甲烷单加氧酶在氧气中的催化特性,制备成固定化酶膜与甲烷氧化的微生物固定化层一起装在氧电极上,使传感器中催化剂的性能更好.分析了这种酶-微生物混合型传感器的工作原理、组成结构及微生物的固定方法.并通过实验证明这种传感器响应迅速,稳定性、重复性和精度较之传统的生物传感器有所提高.     

磁弹性无线微生物传感器研究进展

磁弹性无线传感是一门新兴的传感技术,磁弹性无线传感器基于磁致伸缩原理而设计,传感器中信号的激励与传送通过磁场进行,传感器与检测仪器之间没有任何物理连接,属于无线无源传感器.主要介绍了磁弹性无线微生物传感器的工作原理、分类及其应用.通过将传感器置于密闭容器中,在线监测微生物的新陈代谢过程,以及进行抗生素等药物的药效在线评...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.