粘土矿物材料吸附去除水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

研究了天然沸石、2种有机改性沸石及Mg/Al水滑石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的等温吸附情况和吸附机理,并与活性炭的吸附性能进行了比较。结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程均可以很好地描述天然沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附,2种有机改性沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附更符合Linear吸附等温方程。与活性炭相比,天然沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附效果较差;2种有机改性沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对分子尺寸较小的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除率较低,分别低31.8%、31.4%和19.8%,但对分子较大的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的去除效果相差不大。     

污染物与蒙脱石层间域的界面反应及其环境意义

系统地评述了无视、有机阳离子、农药分子、细菌等环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的吸附、脱附、氧化还原、催化降解等界面反应机理，并指出它们的环境化学行为对环境的影响和意义。     

污染物与蒙脱石层间域的界面反应及其环境意义

系统地评述了无机、有机阳离子、农药分子、细菌等环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的吸附、脱附、氧化还原、催化降解等界面反应机理 ,并指出它们的环境化学行为对环境的影响和意义     

邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的环境行为和环境效应已成为当前环境激素类污染物研究的热点课题,介绍了PAEs的毒性危害,综述了当前不同环境样品PAEs研究的前处理技术、分析检测技术以及污染治理技术的研究情况,并指出了当前研究中存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点。     

水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移转化研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类普遍使用的化学工业品,并广泛存在于环境中.已有研究表明,PAEs环境内分泌干扰物,对人类和自然环境有非常大的危害.总结了PAEs在地表水中的分布和在水体中迁移转化的主要途径,如水解、光降解、与颗粒物(沉积物或悬浮颗粒物)的作用以及生物转化作用,并指出对它们进一步研究的重要性和今后主要的研究方向.     

环境内分泌干扰物--邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

介绍了环境内分泌干扰物的生殖毒性，综述了不同环境样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类内分泌干扰物的前处理技术和分析测试技术，并指出环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染状况。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物生物降解性研究进展

本文综述了邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物在水体、固体等基质中生物降解性（降解条件、降解率、降解途径等）的研究进展,并对此领域的进一步研究提出了展望     

江西省莲塘镇地下水中有机污染物的初步探查

本文采用溶剂萃取、毛细管GC分离、GC/MS定性的方法,初步探查了江西省蓬塘镇地区地下水有机污染物的状况。从该地区地下水中,可定性鉴别出60个有机污染物,主要是高烷烃、有机酸、酰胺及邻苯二甲酸酯等化合物,对其中某些有机污染物进行了定量测定。地下水中有机污染物的来源与当地工业污水的排放密切相关。     

同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究中的应用

有机固废中碳、磷、硫及重金属等元素赋存形态是决定其环境行为、反应活性及资源化再利用的关键因素.同步辐射光谱技术可以在分子水平、微纳米尺度原位表征有机固废中碳、磷、硫、重金属等元素赋存形态、结合位点、微观结构,为深入阐明有机固废环境行为、反应机制提供直接的证据.概述了X射线吸收光谱、微束X射线荧光光谱等同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究的中应用进展,并对同步辐射光谱技术在该领域应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,以期为有机固废资源化再利用及其污染控制等研究提供参考.     

农药在土壤上吸着/解吸及其对生物利用率影响的研究进展

正确预测有机污染物在环境中的归宿 ,在很大程度上依赖对它们的吸着 -解吸动力学行为的认识。自 2 0世纪 80年代起 ,吸着 -解吸动力学逐渐受到重视。本文介绍了国内外有关农药在土壤 /沉积物上的吸着 -解吸动力学和吸着 -解吸对土壤有机污染物的生物利用率的影响等方面的近期研究成果 ,着重从实验方法、模型、机理等方面进行了详细的综述     

Comparative analysis of trace contaminants in leachates before and after a pre-oxidation using a solar photo-Fenton reaction

Sanitary landfill leachates are a complex mixture of high-strength organic and inorganic persistent contaminants, which constitute a serious environmental problem. In this study, trace contaminants present in leachates were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector before and after a pre-oxidation step using a solar photo-Fenton process. More than 40 organic compounds were detected and identified as benzene (0.09?±?0.07 mg?L^-1), trichlorophenol (TCP) (0.18?±?0.12 mg?L^-1), phthalate esters (Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) (DBP: 0.47?±?0.01 mg?L^-1; BBP: 0.36?±?0.02 mg?L^-1; DEHP: 0.18?±?0.01 mg?L^-1), among others. Toluene, pentachlorophenol, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and Di-n-octyl phthalate were never detected in any of the samples. After the photo-Fenton treatment process, TCP decreased to levels below its detection limit, benzene concentration increased approximately three times, and DBP concentration decreased about 77 % comparatively to the raw leachate sample. The solar photo-Fenton process was considered to be very efficient for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachates, leading to the complete elimination of 24 of the detected micropollutants to levels below their respective detection limits and low to significant abatement of seven other organic compounds, thus resulting in an increase of the leachate biodegradability.     

Monitoring the sonochemical degradation of phthalate esters in water using solid-phase microextraction

The sonochemical degradation of aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of six phthalate esters at an ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz has been investigated. Ultrasonic treatment was found capable of removing the four higher molecular mass phthalates (di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate) within 30-60 min of irradiation. The rest (dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate) were more recalcitrant and nearly complete removal could be achieved only after prolonged irradiation times. The relative reactivity of phthalates was explained in terms of their hydrophobicity. Experiments were carried out at an overall initial phthalate concentration of 240 microg l(-1), values of electric power of 75 and 150 W, temperatures of 21 and 50 degrees C and in the presence of NaCl to study the effect of various operating conditions on degradation. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS proved to be a powerful analytical tool to monitor the sonochemical degradation of phthalate esters at low microg l(-1) concentration levels, minimising the risk of secondary contamination during sample preparation, a major parameter to consider during phthalates analysis. The advantages as well as disadvantages of using SPME are also highlighted.     

Sorption behavior of dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate by aged refuse

Sorption is a fundamental process controlling the transformation, fate, degradation, and biological activity of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the environment. We investigated the kinetics, isotherms, and potential mechanisms for the sorption of two phthalic acid esters (PAEs), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), on aged refuse. A two-compartment first-order model performed better than a one-compartment first-order model in describing the kinetic sorption of PAEs, with a fast sorption process dominating. Both the Freundlich and Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) models fit the sorption isotherms of DBP and DOP, with the DA model being of a better fit over the range of apparent equilibrium concentrations. The values of the fitting parameters (n, b, E) of the PAEs suggest nonlinear sorption characteristics. Higher predicted partition coefficient values and saturated sorption capacity existed in refuse containing larger quantities of organic matter. The sorption capacity of DOP was significantly higher than that of DBP. PAE sorption was dependent on liquid phase pH. Desorption hysteresis occurred in PAE desorption experiments, especially for the long-chain DOP. PAEs may therefore be a potential environmental risk in landfill.     

Bioremediation of trace organic compounds found in precious metals refineries' wastewaters: a review of potential options

Platinum group metal (PGM) refining processes produce large quantities of wastewater, which is contaminated with the compounds that make up the solvents/extractants mixtures used in the process. These compounds often include solvesso, beta-hydroxyxime, amines, amides and methyl isobutyl ketone. A process to clean up PGM refinery wastewaters so that they could be re-used in the refining process would greatly contribute to continual water storage problems and to cost reduction for the industry. Based on the concept that organic compounds that are produced biologically can be destroyed biologically, the use of biological processes for the treatment of organic compounds in other types of waste stream has been favoured in recent years, owing to their low cost and environmental acceptability. This review examines the available biotechnologies and their effectiveness for treating compounds likely to be contained in precious metal extraction process wastewaters. The processes examined include: biofilters, fluidized bed reactors, trickle-bed bioreactors, bioscrubbers, two-phase partitioning bioreactors, membrane bioreactors and activated sludge. Although all processes examined showed adequate to excellent removal of organic compounds from various gaseous and fewer liquid waste streams, there was a variation in their effectiveness. Variations in performance of laboratory-scale biological processes are probably due to the inherent change in the microbial population composition due to selection pressure, environmental conditions and the time allowed for adaptation to the organic compounds. However, if these factors are disregarded, it can be established that activated sludge and membrane bioreactors are the most promising processes for use in the treatment of PGM refinery wastewaters.     

Phthalate ester speciation in estuarine water, suspended particulates and sediments

Following earlier work (Al-Omran & Preston, 1987) in which phthalate ester speciation was examined in laboratory studies, the present paper describes the results of an attempt to validate the results by field measurements in the River Mersey Estuary, Liverpool, UK. Samples of water, suspended solids and sediments were analysed for their phthalate ester content. Solid samples were also analysed for their carbon, organic carbon and lipid content. A comparison of the field and laboratory results confirms the association between diethylhexyl phthalate and small particles and shows that other phthalates tend to be associated with relatively coarse, lipid-rich particles. Partition coefficients between dissolved phthalate esters and suspended particles are calculated and compared with other laboratory studies.     

海河沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯吸附行为研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)是一种广泛使用的化工原料,也是一种环境内分泌干扰物.研究了海河沉积物和土壤对DMP的吸附解吸作用,以及颗粒物粒径、浓度和离子浓度对DMP在颗粒物上吸附的影响.研究发现DMP在土壤上的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,在海河沉积物上的吸附符合线性等温式,单位吸附量随着颗粒物浓度的增大而减小,离子浓度的增大而增大,粒径对DMP的吸附影响不明显.用DMP将海河沉积物污染并于室温老化1个月后进行解吸实验,被吸附DMP解吸速率前20 h较快,以后逐渐达到吸附平衡,解吸量较小.     

Occurrence of phthalates in aquatic environment and their removal during wastewater treatment processes: a review

Phthalates are plasticizers and are concerned environmental endocrine-disrupting compounds. Due to their extensive usage in plastic manufacturing and personal care products as well as the potential to leach out from these products, phthalates have been detected in various aquatic environments including drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater. The primary source of their environmental occurrence is the discharge of phthalate-laden wastewater and sludge. This review focuses on recent knowledge on the occurrence of phthalate in different aquatic environments and their fate in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment processes. This review also summarizes recent advances in biological removal and degradation mechanisms of phthalates, identifies knowledge gaps, and suggests future research directions.     

Evaluation of municipal sewage treatment systems for pollutant removal efficiency by measuring levels of micropollutants

In order to evaluate the municipal sewage treatment systems used at Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant for their pollutant removal efficiency, raw sewage and effluent samples at different treatment stages from the sewage treatment systems were taken, priority pollutants (PPs) were identified and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrograph (ICP-AES). The test results indicated that there were one hundred and fifty species of organic pollutants identified in the raw sewage sample, and only ten species of PPs in all the sewage samples. The levels of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in the sewage samples were 0.779-0.111 microg l(-1), 1.977-0.022 microg l(-1), 6.411-2.194 microg l(-1) and 7.152-2.953microg l(-1), respectively, and most of these phthalate esters (PAEs) were removed through anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process; The levels of alachlor, acetochlor, atrazine were 0.074-0.021 microg l(-1), 0.160-0.096 microg l(-1) and 0.238-0.184 microg l(-1), respectively, and the total removal efficiency of atrazine was poorest through the sewage treatment systems. The levels of Cu, Cr, Se, Hg, Ni and Zn were 0.0030-0.2327 mg l(-1). It is therefore concluded from these results that the sewage treatment systems were efficient in removing most of the organic and inorganic compounds in this study, and so, the discharged effluent could cause little of the secondary pollution of the aquatic environment.